Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2004 (vol. 52), issue 6
Míra nezaměstnanosti ve vztahu k počtu registrovaných jednotek ekonomických subjektů
The unemployment rate in relation with the number of the economic subjects registered units
Jaroslav Dufek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 7-18 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060007 
This article deals with one-factor and multiple-factor linear models definition of an unemployment rate. As the explanatory variables are considered numbers of registered units of economic subjects to thousand inhabitants separated according to the political economy branch and according to the legal form. Relative to the greatly different sizes of registered units are coefficients of elasticity for average levels calculated for possibility comparison their force. From the branch point of view show industry, building, education, health service and other services relative high elasticity, from the legal form point of view are there state organizations,...
Analýza odvětví vinařství v České republice a Německu
Analysis of the wine production sector in the Czech Republic and Germany
Renata Černíková, Pavel Žufan
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 19-26 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060019
The paper analyzes the current situation and the development in the wine production sector in the Germany and compares it with the situation in the wine production sector in the Czech Republic. The aim is to find identical trends and differences in the production and consumption of wine and foreign trade with wine in the both countries. The aim also is to define the main opportunities and threats for German wine producers in the Czech market and for Czech wineries in the German market.The domestic production is not able to cover the domestic consumption of wine in the both analyzed countries that is why wine is necessary to import. The domestic...
Vývoj podílu výdajů českých domácností za maso a masné výrobky a Engelovy závislosti ve spotřebě
Development of expenditure shares of Czech households for meat and meat products and Engel patterns in consumption
Pavel Syrovátka
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 27-44 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060027
The article deals with the analysis of the shape of the Engel's curve in the field of the expenditures for meat and meat products. Within the analysis, the paper is especially focused on the initial growth phase of the Engel's curve. The CSO data of the average Czech household was used for the research. For the elimination of the price impacts in this income-expenditure analysis, the original CSO data on nominal level were transformed into the real level. The studied real shares were determined with respect to the total food expenditures and also with respect to the total households' incomes. The linear and the quadratic forms of the dynamic Engels'...
XML jako formát vyjádření objektových Petriho sítí
XML as a format of expression of Object-Oriented Petri Nets
Petr Jedlička
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 45-54 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060045
A number of object-oriented (OO) variants have so far been devised for Petri Nets (PN). However, none of these variants has ever been described using an open, independent format - such as XML. This article suggests several possibilities and advantages of such a description. The outlined XML language definition for the description of object-oriented Petri Nets (OOPN) is based on XMI (description of UML object-oriented models), SOX (simple description of general OO systems) and PNML (an XML-based language used for the description of structured and modular PN). For OOPN, the XML form of description represents a standard format for storing as well as for...
Vývoj a projekce vývozu vybraných zemědělských a potravinářských komodit z České republiky
The development and projection of exports of selected agricultural and alimentary commodities from the Czech Republic
Jana Stávková, Erich Maca
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 55-66 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060055
This contribution presents partial results of a statistical analysis of export indicators of selected agricultural and alimentary categories of products from the Czech Republic according to countries in a reference period 1993-2002. The analysis includes short-run prediction based on applied modes of developmental tendencies of assessed phenomena.
Výhodnost poskytování zaměstnaneckých výhod oproti zvýšení hrubé mzdy
Convenience of providing employee benefits compared to increase of gross wages
Jiří Duda
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 67-76 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060067
Using tax allowances when providing contributions for life insurance, pension insurance and food, employers significantly decrease their costs in comparison with the traditional increase of wages of employees (the saves range in several hundreds of crowns per one employee). These benefits are more profitable than increase of wages for employees, as well. The paper analyses and mathematically reasons these financial benefits, and compares advantages of employee benefits and wage increase.A disadvantage for employees is that these financial means (contributions for pension and life insurance) can not be immediately used for their needs, and are bound...
Podpora krajinotvorné funkce zemědělství a liberalizace trhu
Support of the landscape amenity function of agriculture and trade liberalisation
Simona Kubíčková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 77-86 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060077
Recent agricultural policy and trade discussions have given increasing attention to "multifunctionality", the notion, that agriculture provides multiple outputs that include public goods (such as landscape amenities) as well as privately traded commodities. A frequent point of contention is also whether payment for the provision of non-commodity outputs distorts trade by giving domestic farmers a competitive advantage over foreign competitors. The paper reviews some requirements for environmental policy design and the role of property rights for the justification of the development of compensation programs targeted to landscape protection. The second...
Vývoj míry zaměstnanosti a nezaměstnanosti mužů a žen v deseti přístupových zemích EU
Development of the rate of employment and unemployment of males and females in ten associated countries of EU
Jan Klíma, Milan Palát
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 87-104 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060087
The paper is focused on the evaluation the rates of employment and unemployment of women, men and as a whole in ten associated countries of EU. Rates of employment were evaluated in the period 1996-2002. Rates of unemployment were evaluated in the period 1996-2003. Employment of males in all ten associated countries of EU is higher then employment of females. Unemployment of females in the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia is higher than unemployment of males and in opposite unemployment of females in Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania and Latvia is lower than unemployment of males. Trends of rates of male, female and total employment...
Analýza vývoje a predikce míry nezaměstnanosti ve vybraných zemích s tržní a tranzitivní ekonomikou
Analysis of the development and prediction of the rate of unemployment in selected countries with market and transitive economy
Erich Maca, Milan Palát
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 105-118 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060105
The paper is aimed at the presentation of findings achieved in the study of the dynamics and trends of the rate of unemployment in selected countries with market and transitive economy in the reference period 1995-2001. In addition to the description of developmental trends of analysed time series by means of trend functions of linear, quadratic, exponential, logarithmic, power and inverse types their informative ability was verified as a starting base for the realization of point prediction of investigated events for 2005. With given 95% probability, minimum and maximum values are determined of the evaluated macroeconomic indicator for a defined time...
Možnosti hodnocení pozitivních zemědělských externalit
Possibilities of valuation of positive agricultural externalities
Libor Grega
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 119-128 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060119
Agriculture is not any more viewed only as an industry ensuring nutrition of population, but also its non-production benefit has growing importance. This holds especially for the areas with extensive agriculture, where main product of agriculture is landscape preservation and restoration, and other environmental and social benefits, and where agricultural production is neither main objective nor source of income of agricultural producers. Especially in Europe, where agriculture historically played an important role in landscape formation and determined the development of social structures in rural regions, becomes this non-production function of agriculture...
Význam dokumentu architektury podniku v resortu zemědělství
Value of business architecture document in agricultural area
Ivana Rábová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 129-134 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060129
In connection with demanding goals in agriculture and its reconstruction and modernization there is a need for formal presentation of some problems. This article deals with the possibilities how to analyze and model the current state of business. At this business architecture model it is possible to specify the problem areas and subsequently reconstruct and optimize them. In this article the presented business architecture includes models of goals, resources, processes and rules of common business. The article might be methodical aid for management of agriculture business that would like this document to be a part of their projects for the support...
Daňová soutěž a daňová harmonizace v Evropské unii
Tax competition and tax harmonization in the European Union
Danuše Nerudová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 135-144 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060135
The article deals with the problems of tax competition and harmonization within the European Union. It reveals the single difficulties connected with harmonization, identifies the problems arising from tax competition and points out the harmful tax competition as well. Single compulsory harmonized tax base in connection with prevailing tax competition in the area of tax rates is the suggested solution in the scope of direct taxation. As the solution in the area of indirect taxation could serve the introduction of "principle of origin". This would cause remarkable administrative costs decrease not only for economic subjects but for tax authorities as well.
Dopady změn devizového kurzu USD/EUR na výkonnost akciových indexů z pohledu evropského a amerického investora
Changes in the USD/EUR exchange rate and their impact on the return of stock indexes from the viewpoint of a european and of an american investor
Oldřich Rejnuš, Oldřich Šoba
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 145-160 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060145
This article tries to analyse the impact of changes in the USD/EUR exchange rate on the return of stock indexes. We deal with investments on the American and on the European stock market made by European investors (investing in EUR) and by American investors (investing in USD) simultaneously on both these markets in the period of the last ten years. The investments are analysed from the viewpoint of five different investing periods with a common date of termination on 31 December 2003.Using correlation coefficients, we have quantified the dependence between the development of relative weekly changes in the USD/EUR exchange rate and of relative...
Chování subjektů nezávislého maloobchodního trhu v procesu distribuce potravinářských výrobků
Behaviour of subjects of the independent retail market in distribution process of food products
Marek Záboj
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 161-174 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060161
The paper deal with the actual situation on the Czech independent retail market. Multinational retail chains represent the thread to small and medium sized trade firms due to large range of products, stronger position in negotiations with suppliers and financial power. That is reason why others independent retailers have to co-operate together and obtain the same advantages. Nowadays the discuss among Czech wholesale stocks with their retail nets is in progress. This discussion is aimed to establishing the Czech trade strategic alliance (TSA CZ) as an instrument for increasing of competitive ability. That is necessary also for connection with some...
Chování spotřebitelů na trhu vína v ČR
Consumer behaviour on the Czech wine market
Helena Chládková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 175-188 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060175
The paper includes partial results of research oriented on conventions and behaviour of consumers on the wine market in the Czech Republic. Based on direct questioning of 1000 respondents from the whole Czech Republic we found, that 11.3% of respondents drink wine several times a week, 29.8% of respondents at least once a week, and 23.2% drink wine several times a month. Only 2.7% of respondents do not drink wine at all. 30.3% of respondents drink wine more often than before, especially because of the fact, that they like wine more, it is of a better quality, and the offer is greater.15.8% of respondents drink wine less often than before of these...
Ekonomicko právní aspekty vymezení podnikového majetku a analýza jeho účinnosti
Economic-legal aspects of business assets definition and its effectiveness analysis
Oldřich Tvrdoň, Radmila Presová, Martin Přibyl
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 189-210 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060189
The thesis "Economic-legal aspects of business assets definition and its effectiveness analysis" analyses the contribution of business assets in joint-stock company Svornost Těmice. The company operates in the field of agricultural primary production. Focus of plant production still keeps the traditional composition of plants grown. In connection with increasing the quality of effectiveness of the machinery the area of corn-production will be expanded. In animal production, the company specialises on the pig-feeding and milking-cows.The theoretical part includes the opinions of the world economists and managers on the definition of basic concepts...
Charakteristika problematiky Společné organizace trhu s vínem
The characteristic of the problems of the Common organization of the market for wine
Petra Cyvínová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 211-222 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060211
The Czech Republic is part of integrated domestic market of the European Union and it is abided by rules of the Common agricultural policy for the common organization of the market for single sectors of commodities in case of agrarian products. All Czech commodities have free access on the whole territory of domestic market of the European Union without the tariff and non-tariff barriers. It was abolished the customs procedure, the proving of the origin and the founding of bonded warehouse and the paying of licence fee and charges for certification. The Czech farmers (vine-growers) can operate in stabilized business environment on the basis of definite...
Daňová optimalizace při prodeji nehmotného majetku
Tax optimizing at selling of intangible assets
Eva Fábková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 225-230 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060225
During the implementation of their activities on the market, a lot of companies deal with the issues of increasing their market shares, the know-how improvement, gaining competitive advantage over their competitors, etc. One of the possibilities how to solve out the said problems is for instance the acquisition of know-how, databases, software, and patents which will provide the company with the competitive advantage from another company. At the acquisition of the assets, there is a great space for the tax optimisation, i.e. how to purchase (sell) the assets with the minimum tax burden.
Metodika přenosu informací z podnikové do softwarové architektury
The methodic of information transport from the business architecture to the software architecture
Ivana Rábová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 231-238 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060231
The business architecture creation is one of fundamental activities in business process reengineering and also in development of software product that supports the optimised business processes. One part of application development life cycle is modeling of software architecture (functions and data of application). There are two different models, model of business process and model of information system. This article deals with the value of using the same notation (such as UML) to vizualization of the both models and it guidelines the information transfer from business architecture to software architecture.
Hodnocení procesu harmonizace českého pojistného trhu s jednotným pojistným trhem Evropské unie
Evaluation of the harmonization process of the Czech insurance market with the single insurance market of the EU
Viktória Čejková, Eva Vávrová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 239-252 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060239
For the Czech insurance industry, it has been 13 years since the passage of the Insurance Act in 1991, which did away with the monopoly and allowed competition in this business sector. In our evaluation, we can state that the positives outweigh the negatives. A relatively high pace of growth in total premiums written was achieved and the ratio of premiums written to GDP increased, up to 4,0% in 2002. In comparison with EU countries, the Czech insurance market is behind in 2 global indicators: the ratio of premiums written to GDP and the share of life insurance in total premiums written. The Czech insurance market must count on greater competition from...
Vývoj počtu studujících středoškolské učitelství
Progress of number of students secondary-school teaching of skilled subjects
Rudolf Šrámek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 253-266 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060253
4463 persons were registered into study of secondary-school teaching of skilled subjects from schoul year 1964/1965 until school year 2003/2004. 3221 students were selected or accepted. 2101 persons performed first exam from pedagogy. Retrospective approaches for researching of past period can help for solutions of future tasks of university.
Studijní programy v konfrontační introspekci
Studying programme in confrontational introspection
Rudolf Šrámek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 267-276 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060267
Confrontation of first two and meanwhile last two studying programmes proves that there was devoted more hours for teaching - relationship between range of lectures and seminars with practices was 1:1. There was defined approximately 10% more of time than nowadays for stay of students in practices schools.
Testování efektivnosti intradenního devizového trhu
Testing the efficiency of high-frequency foreign exchange market
Václav Mastný
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(6), 277-286 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452060277
This paper deals with the efficiency of the high-frequency foreign exchange market. The objective of this paper is to investigate whether standard statistical tests give the same results for time series resampled at intervals of 15.30 and 60 min. The data used for the purpose of this paper contain major currency pairs such as EUR/USD, GBP/USD and JPY/USD. The results of statistical tests indicate that the high frequency intervals (15-minute) are not random and should not be considered independent. On the other hand, tests with lower frequency rates (30 and 60 min) indicate rising randomness of the market.