Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013 (vol. 61), issue 7

Certification of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Czech Republic

Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková, Ivana Kuřítková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 1933-1940 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071933  

Corporate social responsibility is in the focus of many companies in recent years. It becomes a way of sustainability for many companies on the market. It expresses a voluntary commitment of companies to behave responsibly to their surroundings within three pillars: economic, social and environmental one. The issue of social responsibility is developing in many European countries and European Commission is aiming at support for national CSR strategies. There are countries with highly developed CSR, on the other hand there are countries, such as the Czech Republic, where a public policy is being reformed, including discussions about CSR. This paper...

Factors affecting Gumhouria Bank's profitability. Empirical evidence from biggest commercial bank in Libya

Atiya Aljbiri

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 1941-1949 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071941  

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting the profitability of (Gumhouria) bank in Libya, over the time period from 2000 to 2010. Return on equity (ROE) is used as profitability measures to determine the affect of internal and external factors on profitability. The descriptive, correlation and regression analysis results are derived with the help of SPSS. The results show that all factors (Portfolio Composition, Capital Adequacy, Deposits, Size, GDP, CPI), establish positive relation with profitability as measured by (ROE) in different significance.

Performance and job satisfaction of employees as well as customers satisfaction affect by organizational environment - An applied study on Gumhouria bank, Libya

Mohieddin Almanae

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 1951-1956 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071951  

This study conducted on Gumhouria Bank and dealing with the role played by the organizational environment on performance and functional satisfaction of the employees. The relevant effect on the customer's satisfaction indicate that the various elements of the organizational environment have effect on the functional performance and satisfaction of the customers. For raising performance and achieving satisfaction of the employees and customers, elements should be taken into consideration and improvement thereof and solving the problems encountering them.The relationship between the organizational environment and the functional performance is progressive...

Purchasing behavior of Fairtrade customers

Mariana Ambrožová, Ondřej Částek

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 1957-1967 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071957  

The volume of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities is increasing worldwide; the European Union considers CSR to be one of the ways to achieve the most competitive economy and CSR awareness is also rising among companies in the Czech Republic, their customers, and the public. Bearing this in mind, Fairtrade goods, a subset of CSR and sustainable development, is an attractive step for vendors to take towards their customers. In this paper, we try to learn who the buyers of Fairtrade products are and what their motivation is in order to help Fairtrade dealers know their target group better, while at the same time helping expand this target...

Composition of motor vehicle fleet in the Czech Republic and the European Union

Břetislav Andrlík

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 1969-1976 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071969  

The contribution studies the composition of motor vehicle fleet in the Czech Republic. The current state of fleet is discussed and the age indicator of the respective categories of the Czech fleet is stressed. Average age of the categories of passenger cars, trucks, buses and motorcycles is identified using the results obtained through the analyses of numerical characteristics of the fleet. The article discusses passenger cars and trucks in more detail because these are the groups representing the largest proportions within the fleet in the Czech Republic. The evaluation of the Czech fleet is followed by the identification of key characteristics of...

Income smoothing by valuation of repurchase obligations in the annual financial statements of car dealerships

Hans Guenther Barth

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 1977-1983 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071977  

This paper deals with the accounting patterns of German car dealerships in the period from 2006 to 2010. In connection with the brokerage of passenger car leases the car dealers and lessors agree on hedging the residual values of the lease car returns. Such hedging instruments require accounting for expected losses in case of impairment. The relation of total amount of outstanding repurchase obligations as of balance sheet date to balance sheet totals qualifies the related risk assessment of the hedging instrument to be an outstanding device for artificial income smoothing. Annual financial statements of 42 dealerships were analysed whether accounting...

Economic performance of Czech business entities in the context of CSRs' implementation

Marcela Basovníková, Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková, Jan Vavřina

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 1985-1994 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071985  

The term responsible entrepreneurship refers to economic success of a business by the inclusion of social and environmental considerations into a company's operational processes. It satisfies customers' demands, whilst also managing the expectations of employees, suppliers and the surrounding community. In general, the term Social Corporate Responsibility means a positive contribution to society including management of enterprise's environmental impacts. The major determinants of the CSR values can be explored such as economic, cultural and leadership factors. Corporate Social Responsibility has been receiving increased attention also from bodies...

The development of customers' satisfaction in the banking sector of Slovakia in the turbulent economic environment

Jaroslav Belás, Lubor Homolka

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 1995-2003 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071995  

Satisfaction of bank's customers presents important area of building of long-term relationships with the client, which significantly determines the financial performance of commercial banks through successful business. Satisfied customer buy bank's products, is willing to pay also higher price for the product or service and represents some form of free advertising and considerable less effort, time and money needed for keep him, than to get a new one. This article presents current situation in the banking sector in Slovakia and quantifies changes in the area of customer satisfaction, which occurred during the financial and economic crisis. Customer...

Effective tax rate for income from employment in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic - a comparative study

Karel Brychta

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2005-2020 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072005  

The objective of this paper is primarily to compare and describe the development of the effective tax rate (relative tax burden) on the taxpayer earning only income from employment and emoluments in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The reason for choosing this type of income has been its importance in terms of the volume of tax collection in the area of natural persons income tax in the Czech Republic. The actual comparison has been performed for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. In all cases, the legal status was considered that was valid and effective as of 31. 12. of particular year. Comparison of the effective tax rate was performed not only between...

Empirical development taxonomy of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in South Moravian Region

Veronika Bumberová, Vojtěch Koráb

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2021-2031 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072021  

This paper represents a pilot study examining entrepreneurial behavior patterns within the area of development of micro, small and medium-sized market active enterprises in South Moravian Region from the perspective of strategic management. The main aim of this article is to classify the enterprises by the character of development activities into relatively homogeneous groups and identify those activities that contribute to considerable differences between the individual groups. Empirical evidence is based on a quantitative survey in terms of a random choice of respondents obtained by means of an e-mail questionnaire. The major analytic procedure applied...

Older motor vehicles and other aspects within the proposal of environmental tax in the Czech Republic

Petr David, Milan Křápek

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2033-2043 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072033  

The article deals with theoretical and practical aspects of introducing environmental road tax for motor vehicles registered in the Czech Republic. The article analyses requirements to be met by this type of tax and reviews its functions. Further it analyses practical aspects in the sense of existence of data that is needed for accomplishing the task to find an ideal form of environmental tax. Based on these foundations, the authors identified a suitable model of taxation of motor vehicles registered in 2000 and after. Another aim was finding proper variables as regards the need of calculation of theoretical emission data in motor vehicles registered...

Study maps as a tool for the adaptive tests construction

Dita Dlabolová, Jiří Rybička

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2045-2054 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072045  

Measurement of students' knowledge is an essential part of the educational process. Teachers on universities often use computer-based tests to testing a large number of students in a short time. The question is, what kind of information these tests provide, and if it is possible to classify students on this basis. Praxis shows that the scalar test results in the form of simple numbers cannot be plainly interpreted as the level of knowledge; moreover it is not easy to build such tests, which detect the necessary information. In the first part of the article we present the results of pedagogical experiment focused on the difference between information...

The potential to reduce the risk of manipulation of financial statements using the identification models of creative accounting

Zita Drábková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2055-2063 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072055  

Explanatory power of accounting information is the key question for deciding of users of financial statements. A whole range of economic indicators is available to the users of financial statements to measure the firm productivity. When the accounting statements (and applied methods) are manipulated, the economic indicators may reveal clearly different results. The users of financial statements should have the possibility to assess the risk of manipulation of accounting statements in time considering potential risk of accounting fraud. The aim of this paper was based on the synthesis of knowledge from the review of literature, the CFEBT model analysis...

Modelling of domestic and foreign visitors' behaviour at commercial bank website during the recent financial crisis

Martin Drlík, Anna Pilková, Michal Munk, Peter Švec

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2065-2070 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072065  

The paper focuses on modelling of commercial bank website visitors' behaviour. The authors analyse domestic and foreign market participants' interests in mandatory financial information disclosure of a commercial bank during the recent financial crisis and try to answer the question whether the purposes of Basel 2 regulations under the Pillar 3 - Market discipline, publishing financial information, have been fulfilled. The authors analyse bank website logs files using web log mining methods to better understand the rate of using of web pages, where mandatory financial information about Basel 2 is published. After data pre-processing the authors use...

Costs of employee turnover

Jiří Duda, Lenka Žůrková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2071-2075 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072071  

The aim of this paper is to establish a general methodology for calculating the costs incurred by employee turnover. This paper deals with identification of costs incurred by the departure of an employee, and does not deal with the cost of recruitment of a new employee. Economic calculations are adjusted to the tax policy in the Czech Republic. The costs of employee turnover (according to Bliss, 2012) include the costs of substitution of the unoccupied position, costs of conducting the exit interview and termination of the contract. The cost of an executive's time to understand the causes of leaving and costs of the leaving employee's training were...

The influence of environment and human rights in the business - the concept of public health - case study on noise pollution

Jana Dudová, Jan Duda

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2077-2083 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072077  

With the competitive global environment raises the question of responsibility in business and maintaining certain legal standards and responsibilities of corporations. Especially discussed is the question of human rights and business impacts on the environment. These factors are surprisingly closely related. They meet in an area, which is referred as "public health". This concept is widely reflected both in the UN and in the legislation of many countries, but Czech legal arrangement is still not conceptually solved. However, in the debate about increasing corporate responsibility for their actions, we must take into account the protection of the health...

Issues of environmental (ir)responsibility

Jana Dundelová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2085-2092 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072085  

In this paper the author reflects the questions of humans' relationship to the environment and of their ecological behaviour that becomes together with the development of modern technologies increasingly relevant just as the question whether humans are able to affect fundamentally the environment on the Earth by their activities. According to some authors (e.g. Ehrlich, 1968; Gore, 2006; Wilson, 1995; Winter, Koger, 2009; Šmajs, 2005) human survival is directly connected with people's relationship to the nature; but other influential authors have contradictory opinions or they are at least afraid of overestimation of ecological activities that can...

Human resources management within the process management in small and medium-sized enterprises

Marie Duspivová, Růžena Krninská

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2093-2098 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072093  

Sector of small and medium-sized enterprises is regarded as the backbone of the economy and a driving force of innovation, employment and social integration. Development of the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech Republic has a substantial impact on economic and social development of the country and its various regions. This article deals with the human resources management in small and medium-sized enterprises, because it is more than obvious recently that the prosperity of the organization is depended on human resources and management of them can determine not only whether the organizations succeed, but whether it will be able...

Lobbying in the European Union and the Czech Republic

Daniela Dvořáková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2099-2104 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072099  

Transparent lobbying is a natural and desirable part of the functioning of each democratic state. The paper analyzes the specific ways, perception and regulation of lobbying in the European Union and the Czech Republic. In the European Union it focuses mainly on two institutions which are under pressure of the lobbyists, the European Commission and the European Parliament. Furthermore, paper presents the situation in the perception and regulation of lobbying in the Czech Republic, and clarifies several unsucessful attempts to regulate lobbying. In conclusion paper compares specific lobbying environment and regulation in the European Union and the Czech...

Analysis of sound data streamed over the network

Jiří Fejfar, Jiří Šťastný, Martin Pokorný, Jiří Balej, Petr Zach

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2105-2110 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072105  

In this paper we inspect a difference between original sound recording and signal captured after streaming this original recording over a network loaded with a heavy traffic. There are several kinds of failures occurring in the captured recording caused by network congestion. We try to find a method how to evaluate correctness of streamed audio. Usually there are metrics based on a human perception of a signal such as "signal is clear, without audible failures", "signal is having some failures but it is understandable", or "signal is inarticulate". These approaches need to be statistically evaluated on a broad set of respondents, which is time and...

Training of academic writing: improving competitiveness of Czech universities

Tomáš Foltýnek, Jiří Rybička

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2111-2115 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072111  

Project "Impact of Policies for Plagiarism in Higher Education across Europe" has reached its final phase. We have collected lots of data reflecting facts and opinions about plagiarism and related areas. Training of academic writing is one of important means for plagiarism prevention.The paper compares levels of training of academic writing between the Czech republic and the rest of Europe. The answers in a questionnaire survey dealing with plagiarism and training of academic writing will be compared and analysed. According to these answers, best practices in European higher education institutions will be identified, and gaps in the Czech institutions...

Heuristics, biases and traps in managerial decision making

Peter Gál, Miloš Mrva, Matej Meško

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2117-2122 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072117  

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the impact of heuristics, biases and psychological traps on the decision making. Heuristics are unconscious routines people use to cope with the complexity inherent in most decision situations. They serve as mental shortcuts that help people to simplify and structure the information encountered in the world. These heuristics could be quite useful in some situations, while in others they can lead to severe and systematic errors, based on significant deviations from the fundamental principles of statistics, probability and sound judgment. This paper focuses on illustrating the existence of the anchoring, availability,...

Accounting and tax implications of the creation and use of technical provisions of commercial insurance companies

Jana Gláserová, Eva Vávrová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2123-2131 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072123  

Entities such as commercial insurance companies are obliged to create technical provisions in order to fulfill their activities. Technical provisions are used to cover liabilities of commercial insurance companies arising from insurance and reinsurance activities. The principal aim of this paper is to determine the impact of the creation and use of technical provisions for some important items of the financial statements, which are liabilities, a balance sheet, profit and an income tax base. A prerequisite to fulfill the objective of the paper is to analyze the accounting legislation for technical provisions in an insurance company. The intention of...

Impacts of the application of the reverse charge mechanism of the value added tax

Miloš Grásgruber, Milena Otavová, Pavel Semerád

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2133-2141 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072133  

Reverse charge mechanism is considered to be a specific mechanism when applying the value added tax. The liability to declare and pay the output tax is transferred to the recipient of the fulfillment within the reverse charge mechanism. Since Apri1 1, 2011 there has been extended the application of the reverse charge mechanism to the domestic (home) fulfillments and since this date the mechanism has been applied to the delivery of slag, waste and metal scrap, defined in the Annex 5 and to the trading with the greenhouse gas emissions allowances. Since January 1, 2012 the reverse charge mechanism has been applied also for construction and assembly works...

Support of business and innovations in strategic planning of regional development on the municipal level of the Czech Republic

Pavel Grebeníček, Oldřich Hájek, Lenka Smékalová, Lukáš Danko

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2143-2149 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072143  

The article deals with a strategic planning of the regional development on the municipal level of the Czech Republic with a focus on the theme of business and innovations support. The main aim of this paper is to explore and compare 13 regional capital's approach to the issue of business and innovations support based on information provided in the basic strategic documents. The results of the analysis show that the topic of the business and innovations support occurs in all reviewed documents. However, several partial imperfections of analysed documents were also identified. The paper also fulfilled the secondary objective of assessing the strength...

Heteroskedasticity, temporal and spatial correlation matter

Ladislava Grochová, Luboš Střelec

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2151-2155 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072151  

As economic time series or cross sectional data are typically affected by serial correlation and/or heteroskedasticity of unknown form, panel data typically contains some form of heteroskedasticity, serial correlation and/or spatial correlation. Therefore, robust inference in the presence of heteroskedasticity and spatial dependence is an important problem in spatial data analysis. In this paper we study the standard errors based on the HAC of cross-section averages that follows Vogelsang's (2012) fixed-b asymptotic theory, i.e. we continue with Driscoll and Kraay approach (1998). The Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the finite sample...

Investment sensitivity and managerial decision making behaviour of Indian firms

Pankaj Kumar Gupta, Jasjit Bhatia

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2157-2162 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072157  

Contemporary models of the financial theory support the proposition that the stock prices should be fundamentally a reflection of the discounted value of earnings. Accordingly the investors and analysts should base their expectations on the expected future cash flows that are logically correlated or have a carry over effect vis-à-vis present stream of cash flows. This logically implies that the managers would have an incentive to manipulate investor's expectation of future cash flows. The zeal to maximize the firm's value based on market capitalization is expected to have a detrimental effect on the investment decisions leading to sub optimality....

Corporate social responsibility in mining industry

Sylvie Gurská, Adriana Válová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2163-2170 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072163  

This paper focuses on the comparison of corporate social responsibility in mining industry. It compares specific territorial areas of two different countries - one of them country that could be called as semi-periphery or even core country and the second one a periphery country. The first one is Czech Republic (Northern Bohemia area) and the second one is Zambia (Copperbelt area). CSR activities in Copperbelt have played primarily an ameliorative role in the context of significant social disruption and uncertainty in the wake of privatization. Some experts say there are still important gaps between mining companies' CSR activities, on the one hand,...

Optimal set of agri-environmental indicators for the agricultural sector of Czech Republic

Jiří Hřebíček, Oldřich Trenz, Eliška Vernerová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2171-2181 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072171  

Current trends of agri-environmental indicators evaluation (i.e., the measurement of environmental performance) and farm reporting are discussed in the paper focusing on the agriculture sector. From the perspective of agricultural policy, there are two broad decisions to make: which indicators to recommend and promote to farmers, and which indicators to collect to assist in agriculture policy-making. We introduce several general approaches for indicators to collect to assist in policy-making (European Union, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) in the first part of our paper...

Firm-specific factors and financial performance of firms in the Czech Republic

Pathirawasam Chandrapala, Adriana Knápková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2183-2190 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072183  

The objective of this study is to investigate the role of internal factors in generating financial performance of firms in the Czech Republic. The paper examines the impact of firm specific factors on company financial performance of 974 firms in the Czech Republic over the period 2005 to 2008, using data in the Albertina database. Pooled and panel cross-sectional time series techniques are used for the data analysis. Return on Assets (ROA) is the dependent variable of the model and eight firm specific factors are introduced as the explanatory variables. Using Return on Assets as the dependent variable, it is established that the firm size, sales growth...

Using of dynamic strategy model in innovation process

Monika Chobotová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2191-2196 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072191  

This paper incorporates a new scenario method which can use for formulate innovation strategy. The purpose of scenario is not to identify the most likely future, but to create a map of uncertainty - to acknowledge and examine the visible and hidden forces that directed toward the unknown future of a firm. Scenarios are used for capture a range of possibilities, good and bad, expected and surprising. They are designed to stretch our thinking about emerging changes and the opportunities and threats that may occur in the future. Scenario allows us to weigh our choices more carefully when making short-term and long-term strategic decisions.

Analysis of ESG indicators for measuring enterprise performance

Zuzana Chvátalová, Iveta Šimberová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2197-2204 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072197  

In this article authors focus on the analysis of the whole set of environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) indicators for the elimination of double or triple effects within the next construction of methods for measuring corporate performance. They build on their previously published results (in Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012). The partial actual selected results of a recently undertaken currently project entitled 'Construction of Methods for Multifactorial Assessment of Company Complex Performance in Selected Sectors' were used. This project was solved the research teams of the Faculty of Business and Management...

Responsiveness of culture-based segmentation of organizational buyers

Veronika Jadczaková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2205-2212 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072205  

Much published work over the four decades has acknowledged market segmentation in business-to-business settings yet primarily focusing on observable segmentation bases such as firmographics or geographics. However, such bases were proved to have a weak predictive validity with respect to industrial buying behavior. Therefore, this paper attempts to add a debate to this topic by introducing new (unobservable) segmentation base incorporating several facets of business culture, denoted as psychographics. The justification for this approach is that the business culture captures the collective mindset of an organization and thus enables marketers to target...

Family policy in the Czech Republic: Redistribution of wealth through the child tax bonus

Robert Jahoda, Jana Godarová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2213-2220 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072213  

Families with children are traditionally the target group of the social system in developed countries. This paper deals with one component of family policy in the Czech Republic, which is household entitlement. The main focus is on the child tax bonus (hereafter CTB). The paper is divided into descriptive and methodological-analytical parts. The descriptive section provides basic information about the beneficiaries of CTB. In the latter section we formulate research questions about the impacts and effects of CTB. We discover that the influence of tax instruments has grown in recent years. The amount of the tax bonus for children exceeded CZK 3 billion...

Functions of several variables analysis applied in inventory management

Martina Janková, Veronika Novotná, Tereza Varyšová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2221-2227 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072221  

In many cases a retailer is not capable of settling an invoice immediately upon receiving it and is given an option by the supplier to settle the invoice within a definite period. The retailer can sell the goods before the deadline, accumulate revenue and earn interest. If the retailer is not able to meet his obligations within the deadline, he is charged an interest. This paper introduces a newly constructed model which enables a retailer to set an optimal price of goods under permissible delay in payments, and to determine the maximum term of payment. The model is based on the assumption of time-dependent demand and has been developed for non-deteriorating...

Predictive performance of DSGE model for small open economy - the case study of Czech Republic

Tomáš Jeřábek, Jakub Trojan, Radka Šperková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2229-2238 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072229  

Multivariate time series forecasting is applied in a wide range of economic activities related to regional competitiveness and is the basis of almost all macroeconomic analysis. From the point of view of political practice is appropriate to seek a model that reached a quality prediction performance for all the variables. As monitored variables were used GDP growth, inflation and interest rates. The paper focuses on performance prediction evaluation of the small open economy New Keynesian DSGE model for the Czech republic, where Bayesian method are used for their parameters estimation, against different types of Bayesian and naive random walk model....

Composite indicator in evaluation of the regional disparities in quality of life in the Czech Republic

Andrea Jindrová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2239-2248 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072239  

Differences in quality of life and in the conditions for life between regions are affected by many factors that can be described by many partial indicators. The paper has in principle been aimed at quantification and a complex assessment of the positions of districts as seen from the viewpoint of a composite indicator. The composite indicator was designed and computed based on a wide spectrum of partial indicators describing regional disparities in the conditions for life of CR population. Computations were done based on data from the CR districts as administered according to the 2010 state of territorial distribution of the Republic. Various ways...

Collaborative defence procurement in the European Union and in the Czech Republic - business principle leading more effectiveness of public expenditure in the field of defence

Radek Jurčík

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2249-2253 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072249  

This article deals with collaborative defence procurement, including critically analyses subjects (agencies) performing defence procurement. In relation to defence procurement author analyses the political, economic and legal context of collaborative defence procurement in the EU and the applicability of EU law (procurement rules) and Czech procurement rule, focussing on opportunities for firms (enterprises). Further, author analyses international organisations and agencies in the field of defence procurement, like OCCAR, NAMSO and EDA. It means the Joint Organisation for Armaments Cooperation, the NATO Maintenance and Supply Organisation (NAMSO) and...

Regional differences of consumer preferences when shopping for regional products

Jitka Kalábová, Stanislav Mokrý, Jana Turčínková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2255-2259 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072255  

This paper presents partial results of a research on consumer preferences when shopping for groceries. It is focused on regional products and consumer preferences in relation to the country of origin of food products. The main objective of this paper is to find the existence of spatial relationships between spatial deployment of regional products and consumer preferences for regional products. It will be necessary to create a data model for monitoring the deployment of regional products and also a data model for tracking important indicators of consumer behavior in all regions of the Czech Republic. The results are based on questionnaire survey that...

Legal entities and criminal law - principles of sanctioning

Věra Kalvodová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2261-2268 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072261  

The article deals with the issue of sanctioning of legal entities in connection with corporate criminal liability introduced after 1 January 2012. It provides a characterization of the sanctioning system provided for under the Act No. 418/2011 Coll. on the Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and on Proceedings against Them, and deals with the crucial principles governing the imposition of punishments and the protective measure. It further discusses the modifications of the sanctions with respect to legal entities, mainly as regards the principles of legality, purposefulness, adequacy, personality and subsidiarity of criminal repression.

Three-way ROC analysis using SAS Software

Juraj Kapasný, Martin Řezáč

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2269-2275 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072269  

The most commonly used measure of model accuracy in medicine with three categories of target variable is the volume under ROC surface (VUS), which is the extension of the area under curve (AUC) for binary models (Le and Lili, 2013). This paper deals primarily with usage of the multinomial logistic regression and the three-way ROC analysis in the financial sector, especially in the credit risk management. Moreover, SAS system is very often used software in the financial sector. Therefore this paper is focused on ways of doing three-way ROC analysis in this statistical software, in particular on estimating the VUS.We propose an estimate of the VUS...

Right to privacy and some methods of direct marketing

Hana Kelblová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2277-2283 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072277  

Promotion constitutes part of the marketing mix which consists of advertising, sales support, public relations, personal sale and direct marketing. It may be stated that the law delimits boundaries to all these elements of the communication mix. In the following contribution I will only focus on some methods of direct marketing and I intend to investigate the "purposeful appeal to purchase and consumer behaviour of clients" as viewed by the present Czech law. These communications often disturb the privacy of individuals, harass in an inappropriate time, marketing companies often illegally collect and share customers' personal information. My target...

Reverse logistics policy - differences between conservative and innovative reverse logistics management

Alena Klapalová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2285-2294 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072285  

One of the of the key barriers that hampers effective and efficient management of reverse flows detected within a number of empirical surveys and case studies focused on reverse logistics and/or return management is business (organisational) policy, specifically lack of policy, deficiency in existing policy or inferior policy. Despite this fact, there is a gap in literature which would show some evidence from practice that innovative reverse logistics policy both can pay off and is associated with certain aspects of reverse logistics management. Such proof can have several implications. It can support the call for better understanding and more research...

Enterprise content management in the cloud

Jaroslava Klegová, Ivana Rábová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2295-2301 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072295  

At present the attention of many organizations concentrates to the Enterprise Content Management system (ECM). Unstructured content grows exponentially, and Enterprise Content Management system helps to capture, store, manage, integrate and deliver all forms of content across the company. Today, decision makers have possibility to move ECM systems to the cloud and take advantages of cloud computing. Cloud solution can provide a crucial competitive advantage. For example, it can reduce fixed IT department cost and ensure faster ECM implementation.To achieve the maximum level of benefits from implementation of ECM in the cloud it is important to...

Real options analysis in the engineering company practice

Václav Klepáč, Petr Kříž, David Hampel

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2303-2309 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072303  

In this paper, we deal with the real options analysis of selected investment projects. This approach is supplemented and compared to calculations of the net present value (NPV). Two research problems are analyzed: acquisition of the simulation software for the foundry industry in the sense of the expansive options and options on leaving the project in the case of acquisition of the spectrometer. For the option valuation, there were used analytical and numerical methods like the Black-Scholes model, binomial model and Monte Carlo simulations. In the case of binomial pricing model we used modification describing the behavior of the project's cash-flow...

The development of e-learning applications solving problems from graph theory

Pavel Kolman, Petr Zach, Josef Holoubek

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2311-2316 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072311  

Authors are in long term developing e-learning supports for some parts of Operation Research course. The original purpose was to prepare e-learning supports for students of FBE Mendelu, mainly for part-time form students, who have subscribed Economic mathematical methods course (EMM). Considering decreasing number of lessons on part-time form of study (16 hours in a semester, in comparison to 56 hours in full-time form of study), was for part-time form students even more difficult to fulfill exam requirements. As a help for students there was stage by stage prepared several of programs, they allow self-contained practicing of some linear programming...

Impact of the structure of agricultural production to the financial health of farms

Daniel Kopta

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2317-2325 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072317  

The first part of the paper deals with the influence of individual commodities on the profitability and risks of farms. Production structure was given thought share of twelve basic crops in total agricultural production yield. Volume of accumulated profit for five-year income was chosen as viability criterion. The research did not show that specialization in one of the commodities had significantly influenced achieved profitability. The only exception is the production of milk, which clearly lead to lower profitability. Production structure determined the risk of farms. Farms were constantly threatened by both negative profitability, and also steep...

The European welfare state from the prospect of new EU member states

Luděk Kouba, Ladislava Grochová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2327-2335 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072327  

The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss the heterogeneity level between the old and new EU member states in terms of welfare state development. In order to discuss the research questions, we performed the cluster analysis that provides the overall survey of the welfare state development and besides that, the results were divided into four dimensions: demographic, economic, institutional and social. In comparison with the thematic literature, we modified the dimensions, including our original institutional dimension, and added a dynamic point of view. The cluster analysis resulted in the existence of three clusters: Core cluster, Periphery cluster...

Augmented reality services

Tomáš Koubek, David Procházka, Jiří Šťastný

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2337-2342 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072337  

We assume that one of the key reasons is in the difference between a standalone application and a web service. Both architectures have some advantages and disadvantages. The Standalone application (e.g. Nokia/OVI Maps) provides the required functionality. From the user point of view, main asset of this "offline" approach is network connectivity independence. However, this kind of applications must be upgraded manually. Moreover, it is hard to get any data about the application usage because it requires additional actions from the user - data are usually acquired through conventional ways, such as email or web forms.The online service such as Google...

Analysis of the Slovak consumer behaviour regarding the organic food purchase

Dagmar Kozelová, Martina Fikselová, Vladimír Vietoris, Peter Czako

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2343-2350 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072343  

The aim of this work was to determine whether Slovak consumers buy organic food, to analyze the frequency of organic food shopping and to examine the monthly expenditure of organic food. Questionnaire survey involved 271 respondents. The hierarchical multiple factor analysis was used for the segregation and classification of consumers into representative groups. The group of respondents was based on algorithms divided into three groups. The first group consists of those respondents who do not buy organic food. In the second group of respondents, prevalent was occasional purchase of organic food. Prevailing monthly expenditure on buying organic food...

Legal and economic aspects of deeper EU integration in the Czech Republic

Martina Krásnická

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2351-2355 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072351  

The deeper economic integration in form of fiscal union, bank union, or increased macroeconomic surveillance is for the Czech Republic not only the question of whether and when to enter the euro zone, but also whether and when to join the other institutes. The aim of this paper is to analyse the legal background of these instruments and estimate their possible economic impact. These hypotheses would be a subject of author's further search. The future impact on enterprises in the Czech Republic is evident in some areas of the EU enhanced cooperation. Adoption of the euro is an example. Other aspects of deeper economic integration as for example the...

Assessment of the marketing activities at-retail on the beer market in Slovakia

Petra Krbová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2357-2365 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072357  

The retail sector, more specifically non-specialized food predominating retail outlets, is defined as the area of interest in this study. The main aim is to describe the relationship between the marketing activities in the retail outlets of two subjects (1) beer manufacturer and (2) his competitors. This aim is deducted from the presumption that more than two thirds of shopping decisions are made directly in the store. The manufacturer therefore has to be visible in the retail outlet and perform better than his competitors. Data were observed in the multinational retail chains once a month during one year. The observation was focused on one specific...

Measuring quarterly net fixed capital stock in the Czech Republic

Igor Krejčí, Kristýna Vltavská

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2367-2376 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072367  

Balances of fixed capital are ordinary part of annual national accounts statistics in most developed countries. Although quarterly data are useful for many applications and its existence would be consistent with other quarterly indicators, quarterly fixed capital stock are not officially published. Even though there is no official rule for estimation of quarterly fixed capital stocks, several methods are currently available to estimate quarterly stocks of fixed capital. The objective of this paper is to estimate the quarterly net fixed capital stock in the Czech Republic at constant prices in industry classification (CZ-NACE rev. 2) compatible with...

Comparison and modeling of households food expenditures in Slovakia with regard to the economic status and job position of the head of household

Ľubica Kubicová, Ľudmila Nagyová, Zdenka Kádeková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2377-2384 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072377  

Paper focuses on analysis and development of nominal and real cash income as well as modeling of real cash household food expenditures in Slovakia. From the view of the head of household and his job position, paper compares the level and development of real money incomes and food expenditures, in terms of real money incomes quantifies the income elasticity and available demand saturation level for food in families of employees, self-employed persons and pensioners. Generally expected outcome of economic growth is raising standard of living of the population. Its measurement is based on the basic macroeconomic aggregates such as GDP growth and GDP per...

Risk factors in the internationalization process of SMEs

Lea Kubíčková, Martina Toulová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2385-2392 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072385  

At the present time characterized by globalizing market, increasing competition, accelerating change and the occurrence of many risks it is necessary for businesses, which want to remain competitive, to be able to respond flexibly to the changes in a timely manner and to identify and manage risks. Companies try to diversify business risks, such as the loss of market share in the domestic market, by entering the foreign markets and participating in international trade. Involvement in the internationalization process cannot be understood only as an opportunity to achieve greater profits and a competitive advantage, it is necessary to consider potential...

Contribution of simple heuristics for the vehicle routing problem - A case study of a small brewery

Petr Kučera, Igor Krejčí

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2393-2401 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072393  

This paper presents a case study of a local brewery situated near to Prague. Even though its management already has the software which solves the vehicle routing problem by Mayer and Branch and Bound methods, it is still favourable to implement more approximation methods. The basic reason is that the Branch and Bound algorithm is complicated and software overflows may occur during its run in case of more cities in the cycle. The aim of this paper is to solve the real transportations using other methods that satisfy basic requirements of practicability.Transportation, which the brewery carried out during the selected week, provided data which were...

Aspects affecting flexibility of Czech managers' leadership style

Ladislava Kuchynková, Maria Králová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2403-2414 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072403  

The paper examines the potential aspects that affect the flexibility of Czech managers' leadership style, because the ability to lead subordinates flexibly seems to be necessary for managerial practice in these days full of rapid change. A tool which makes it possible to determine the degree of flexibility of individual managers within the situational leadership style is represented by original method LBAII® developed by Ken Blanchard Companies, which the authors were provided with solely for this purpose. Due to the fact that research based on this method had not been conducted in the Czech Republic, an opportunity to learn new information from...

Point cloud processing for smart systems

Jaromír Landa, David Procházka, Jiří Šťastný

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2415-2421 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072415  

High population as well as the economical tension emphasises the necessity of effective city management - from land use planning to urban green maintenance. The management effectiveness is based on precise knowledge of the city environment. Point clouds generated by mobile and terrestrial laser scanners provide precise data about objects in the scanner vicinity. From these data pieces the state of the roads, buildings, trees and other objects important for this decision-making process can be obtained. Generally, they can support the idea of "smart" or at least "smarter" cities.Unfortunately the point clouds do not provide this type of information...

Proposal of system for work with innovative ideas, opportunities and innovations in the company

Viliam Lendel, Michal Varmus

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2423-2433 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072423  

The paper is based on a detailed analysis of literature and conducted research to create a system for work with innovative ideas, opportunities and innovations in company. This paper reports the main results of the research that authors conducted on a sample of 318 respondents. Main purpose of the research was to identify the key elements of the use of innovation in marketing management system for work with innovation, opportunities, knowledge and application of lateral thinking. This paper deals with the identification of the main preconditions for successful use of the proposed system for work with innovative ideas, opportunities and innovations...

Differences in the land rent among EU countries

Jana Lososová, Radek Zdeněk, Daniel Kopta

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2435-2444 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072435  

The aim of the paper is to assess the differences in the influence of land rent on farm production efficiencies by region, farming type and LFA. In terms of the cost of rents there are significant differences among countries within the European Union. While in Estonia, the average land rent amounts to 14 EUR/ha, then it is almost 900 EUR/ha in the Netherlands (in 2009). High variability may be seen also at the share of rented land, which ranges from 17.4% to 96.1%. Along with the intensity of production, then these factors affect the efficiency of production. Significant differences in land rents and land rent/revenues ratio can be found not only across...

Classification of economic data into multiple classes by means of evolutionary methods

Jiří Lýsek, Jiří Šťastný

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2445-2449 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072445  

In this contribution we deal with an automatic classification of economic data into multiple classes. A classifier created by grammatical evolution is used to determine the data sample membership into one of the defined classes. The grammar rules used for classifier structure creation are presented. The performance of our classifier is compared with multilayer perceptron neural network classifier and Kohonen neural network classifier. We used a survey data of consumer behaviour in food market in Czech Republic.

Internet my dearest, what type of European integration is the clearest...

Radka MacGregor Pelikánová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2475-2481 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072475  

It is a 'given' that today's post-modern global society is heavily dependent on the utilization of information technologies, that the economic and other crises are omnipresent and that EU integration is seriously questioned. This challenging situation has a myriad of long and short term causes and not all of them receive appropriate attention. Similarly, there is no consensus about potential methods, and forms of its solution. Still, in this global complexity remain constants, desirable venues to successfully develop a healthy competitive environment, such as a suitable use of the Internet.While the EU faces many challenges, there are many...

Assessment of the state administration effectiveness in the field of small business control in Slovakia

Eleonóra Marišová, Zuzana Ilková, Pavol Schwarcz, Tomáš Malatinec, Eva Lázárová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2483-2489 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072483  

The agenda of small business in Slovakia is administered by state administration - district offices which registry and also control the entrepreneurs. The control units in the period 2008-2011 and its evaluation in terms of efficiency were the objects of the research. A comparative analysis was focused on the number of inspections carried out by inspectors at registered enterprises and the number of fines imposed by law established methods (penalties in block proceedings and fines on the basis of a decision to impose fine). Comparison was made to the NUTS 3 level, and in different regions of Slovakia. The assessment was based on the number of inspections...

Economic sentiment indicator and its information capability in the Czech Republic

Radka Martináková, Svatopluk Kapounek

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2491-2498 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072491  

The paper focuses on the indicators of economic agents' perceptions in the Czech Republic. We assume that these information are provided by economic sentiment indicator surveys based on the Joint Harmonised EU Programme. The aim of this paper is to offer the alternate methodology of qualitative data transformation (balance statistic data) in relation with the macroeconomic quantitative indicators.In the empirical analysis we distinguished between the indicators of confidence in industry, construction, retail and consumer confidence indicator. We found link between the aggregate economic sentiment indicator and economic activity. Especially, aggregate...

IPO timing determinants: empirical evidence on the Polish capital market

Tomáš Meluzín, Marek Zinecker, Sylvia Kovandová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2499-2506 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072499  

This paper examines the determinants influencing the IPO timing by enterprises under the conditions in force on the Polish capital market. In the study we asked CFOs Polish enterprises divided into two groups to formulate their insights in the area of IPO timing. The first group consisted of the entities that have previously executed an initial public offering, the second one included the entities that have not executed an IPO (but considered doing so in the past or were candidates for doing it in the future). The survey results can be summarised as follows. First, in choosing an opportune time for an IPO, both subsamples of companies take into considerations...

Illegal employment

Jana Mervartová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2507-2514 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072507  

Since 2007 Labour Code contains the definition of dependent work, which can be carried out only in labour-law relations. The Amendment to Labour Code from 2012 makes the definition more precise, when it stipulates essential elements of dependent work and designates the others as conditions, under which dependent work should be carried out.The Amendment to Employment Act changes the definition of illegal work. Illegal work is a performance of dependent work by natural person except for labour-law relation, or if natural person - foreigner carries out work in conflict with issued permission to employment or without this permission.Since 2012...

Applying of component system development in object methodology

Milan Mišovič, Oldřich Faldík

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2515-2522 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072515  

In the last three decades, the concept and implementation of component-based architectures have been promoted in software systems creation. Increasingly complex demands are placed on the software component systems, in particular relating to the dynamic properties. The emergence of such requirements has been gradually enforced by the practice of development and implementation of these systems, especially for information systems software.Just the information systems (robust IS) of different types require that target software meets their requirements. Among other things, we mean primarily the adaptive processes of different domains, high distributives...

Applying of component system development in object methodology, case study

Milan Mišovič, Oldřich Faldík

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2523-2531 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072523  

To create computarization target software as a component system has been a very strong requirement for the last 20 years of software developing. Finally, the architectural components are self-contained units, presenting not only partial and overall system behavior, but also cooperating with each other on the basis of their interfaces. Among others, components have allowed flexible modification of processes the behavior of which is the foundation of components behavior without changing the life of the component system. On the other hand, the component system makes it possible, at design time, to create numerous new connections between components and...

The determinants of capital structure: the evidence from the European Union

Natalia Mokhova, Marek Zinecker

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2533-2546 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072533  

The aim of this study is to indicate the influence of several internal determinants on capital structure in different European countries and retrace its tendency taking into consideration the membership of the European Union. Nowadays there are a lot of debates according the future of the European Union. The recent global financial crisis and the following European debt crisis show the significance of the country financial stability and its impact on the private sector. The paper investigates 32 countries of European Union dividing them into three groups as (1) old EU members (15 countries), (2) new EU members (12 countries) and (3) EU candidates (4...

Concept of perceptual carrying capacity and its use in the creation of promotional materials of tourist destination

Stanislav Mokrý

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2547-2553 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072547  

The aim of this article is to introduce results of research of perceptual carrying capacity of selected area. Concept of perceptual tourist carrying capacity aims to find the number of visitors of tourist destination that the visitor is willing to accept before deciding to prefer travelling to another tourist destination. In order to determine the perceptual carrying capacity the visual method is used. The photos of destination that depict different level of visitors are presented to respondents when using this method. The primary research method used in this investigation was the questionnaire survey which was conducted via online questionnaires....

Corporate social responsibility of the 100 largest Indian companies - an analysis of website communication

Avinash Mulky

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2555-2560 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072555  

Corporate social responsibility has become an important concept in the business world in recent decades. CSR is important in all countries but is particularly relevant in emerging markets where the levels of human development are not high. The United Nations Development Programme has created the Human Development Index (HDI) to measure the human development in countries. The present study analyzes the CSR communication on the websites of the 100 largest Indian companies. The objective was to examine the reported CSR activities and determine whether the activities address the dimensions and indicators of the HDI. The study uses content analysis to classify...

Impulse-response analysis of monetary policy - Visegád group countries case

Kateřina Myšková, David Hampel, Anna Dobešová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2561-2567 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072561  

In this paper, we focus on comparability of monetary policies of Visegrád group countries (V4). Main objective of central banks function in V4 countries lies in maintaining price stability. For this purpose, inflation targeting regime is realized in a medium-term focus in V4, which means that there is a certain lag between monetary policy operation and its influence on an inflation target. Central bank does not have a direct impact on its ultimate goals. Therefore, any monetary policy analysis and assumption of its effectiveness comes out from an essential existence of a working transmission mechanism. Thus, changes in settings of monetary policy instruments...

Income disparities and their impact on the level and development of food expenditures of households in Slovakia

Ľudmila Nagyová, Jana Stávková, Zdenka Kádeková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2569-2575 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072569  

Paper evaluates development and changes in the level of households food expenditures in Slovakia, which occurred after the accession of Slovakia to the European Union in 2004 and began to apply the rules of the Common Agricultural Policy and using of means of support. Free movement of goods, labor and capital has contributed to the increase of goods and services supply and living standards as well as to the increase in households income differentiation. Until 2012, households in the lowest income quartile possess on average with only 34.1 % per year of the revenue compared with income in the highest fourth quartile of income category. The results of...

The effectiveness of innovative processes implemented by the SME companies. Results of the empirical research

Tomasz Norek

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2577-2585 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072577  

The essence and the importance of innovation in the process of building the competitiveness of enterprises is widely described in the economic literature. But the analysis of innovative activity of companies very often indicates that the innovations introduced to the market do not bring the expected benefits. This leads to the conclusion that very often innovation activities of enterprises are inefficient. And detailed analysis of such cases can identify the key barriers to implementing effective innovation.The modern model for the innovative activity indicates that one of the key factors for success of innovative activity of enterprises is properly...

Comparison of the models of financial distress prediction

Jiří Omelka, Michaela Beranová, Jakub Tabas

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2587-2592 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072587  

Prediction of the financial distress is generally supposed as approximation if a business entity is closed on bankruptcy or at least on serious financial problems. Financial distress is defined as such a situation when a company is not able to satisfy its liabilities in any forms, or when its liabilities are higher than its assets. Classification of financial situation of business entities represents a multidisciplinary scientific issue that uses not only the economic theoretical bases but interacts to the statistical, respectively to econometric approaches as well.The first models of financial distress prediction have originated in the sixties...

Transformation process of state accounting to accrual basis accounting in conditions of the Czech Republic

Milana Otrusinová, Eliška Pastuszková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2593-2602 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072593  

This paper briefly outlines the significant issues that occur during the implementation of the accrual principle accounting in the public sector in the context of the reform of accounting of public finance in the Czech Republic. The reform mostly regards government organizational units, self-governing territorial units and allowance organizations. The objective of the paper is to describe the transformation process from state accounting to accrual principle accounting in the Czech Republic and to identify the main problems associated with the introduction of accrual principle. Authors summarize these key problems with the use of questionnaire survey...

International migration and unemployment in established member countries of the European Union

Milan Palát

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2603-2610 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072603  

The objective of the paper is to evaluate relationships of the rate of migration and the unemployment rate in established member countries of the European Union covering also the period of the last financial and economic crisis and using statistical methods. To determine parameters of a regression function were used methods of regression and correlation analysis including testing the statistical significance. Nearly all countries (except Luxemburg and Austria) show a negative linear relationship between tested indicators however not always statistically significant. Based on these results, the existence of correlation is evident between the crude rate...

Comparison of efficiency of public procurement organized by public sector and local monopolies

Jan Pavel

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2611-2615 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072611  

The aim of this paper is to identify the difference between the prices achieved in public procurement by public and private bodies. The analysis exploits the fact that European legislation forced to follow the Public Procurement Act not only public sector but also private companies working in the position of local monopolies (gas supply, water supply, public transport, etc.).The analysis is based on data from the Information System of Public Procurement in the Czech Republic. The data set is created by more than 500 observations containing information about the large construction contracts from the years 2006-2011. Details of these contracts were...

Key business restart drivers in Slovakia

Anna Pilková, Marian Holienka, Michal Munk

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2617-2622 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072617  

The phenomenon of business restart, also referred to as second chance, proved to be an integral part of entrepreneurial dynamics. Considering the high level of individual entrepreneurial activity (14.2% in 2011, 10.2% in 2012) accompanied with high discontinuance rate in Slovakia (7.0% in 2011, 4.7% in 2012)¹, it is important to further investigate key factors which influence business restart in our country. These findings could unveil what helps to preserve the current entrepreneurial activity, which is besides producing more new entrepreneurs another option to secure self-employment and job creation through individual business activities,...

Inter- and intra-industry variations of capital structure in the Czech manufacturing industry

Pavlína Pinková, Sylvie Riederová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2623-2629 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072623  

The objective of the paper is to investigate the existence of inter-industry variations in the capital structure of enterprises of the Czech manufacturing industry and to identify the intra-industry causes of these differences. Three measures of capital structure are employed to determine the inter-industry variations. These are total debt ratio, long-term debt and short-term debt ratios. The set of explanatory variables is included to clarify the intra-industry variations. These explanatory variables are size, asset structure, asset utilization, profitability, non-debt tax shield and growth. The paper reports the analysis of capital structure of five...

Current account imbalances in the euro area

Klára Plecitá, Ladislava Grochová, Luboš Střelec

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2631-2638 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072631  

While the current account balance for the euro area as a whole has been in balance, divergences in current account positions among the euro-area members have widened since the introduction of the common currency euro. During the last 13 years Portugal, Greece and Spain have run large and persistent current account deficits, whereas Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Finland or Germany have displayed during the same period large and persistent surpluses. However, there is no unambiguous agreement among economists, whether this divergence of current account positions of the euro-area countries mirrors growing intra-euro-area imbalances (Gros, 2012) or just...

Representativeness of the FADN CZ sample of agricultural enterprises and ways of its verification

Marie Prášilová, Radka Procházková, Martina Harvilíková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2639-2648 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072639  

Following accession to the European Union, Czech Republic joined the EU FADN system. The Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) is the main EC information source on real economic situation of agricultural enterprises. It is a sample survey of individual farms and legal entities from the primary farm production domain and it supplies very detailed information on economic results. Representativeness, i.e., the degree of correspondence of sample information with population information in all relevant parameters except for size, is the priority requirement on sample surveys. The aim of testing the FADN CZ sample survey representativeness was to verify whether...

An accessibility solution of cloud computing by solar energy

Zuzana Priščáková, Ivana Rábová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2649-2654 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072649  

Cloud computing is a modern innovative technology of solution of a problem with data storage, data processing, company infrastructure building and so on. Many companies worry over the changes by the implementation of this solution because these changes could have a negative impact on the company, or, in the case of establishment of new companies, this worry results from an unfamiliar environment. Data accessibility, integrity and security belong among basic problems of cloud computing. The aim of this paper is to offer and scientifically confirm a proposal of an accessibility solution of cloud by implementing of solar energy as a primary source. Problems...

Mainstreaming gesture based interfaces

David Procházka, Jaromír Landa, Tomáš Koubek, Vít Ondroušek

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2655-2660 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072655  

Gestures are a common way of interaction with mobile devices. They emerged especially with the iPhone production. Gestures in currently used devices are usually based on the original gestures presented by Apple in its iOS (iPhone Operating System). Therefore, there is a wide agreement on the mobile gesture design. In last years, it is possible to see experiments with gesture usage also in the other areas of consumer electronics and computers. The examples can include televisions, large projections etc. These gestures can be marked as spatial or 3D gestures. They are connected with a natural 3D environment rather than with a flat 2D screen. Nevertheless,...

The economic performance of regions in the Czech Republic

Lenka Procházková, Miroslav Radiměřský

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2661-2667 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072661  

Regional development in the Czech Republic contributed to the fact that at present none of the regions is significant backward compared to other. Individual regions have shown among themselves certain differences. This applies in particular to the economic performance of regions. This paper introduce results of our research. Main aim of the work was to indentify economic performace affecting factors of regions NUTS 3 in Czech Republic. It was necessary to define quantity of economic performance to meet this goal. We used them to create method of valuating economic performance of regions. We weighed quantities (e.g. GDP, unemployment rate, net disposable...

Development of wine tourism in South Moravia

Martin Prokeš

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2669-2675 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072669  

Wine tourism development and the resulting formation of regional strategic alliances in the form of clusters may lead to increasing the competitiveness of wineries in South Moravia in the southeastern part of the Czech Republic.The main research objective of this paper was to find potential for wine tourism development and creating a plan for newly formed strategic alliance coordinating services offer all wineries in the region. This study describes the potential to offer services and products of wine growing areas in South Moravia region, suitable for promotion offers wine tourism destinations and services. In principle, it is used the calculation...

Impact of insurance sector activity on economic growth - A meta-analysis

Zuzana Richterková, Petr Koráb

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2677-2683 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072677  

The aim of this study is to compute the overall effect size concerning the impact of insurance sector activity on economic growth. The connection of insurance activity and economic growth has been a widely investigated topic due to numerous papers and research attempts performed so far. The results, however, often differ among individual studies. Therefore a comprehensive analysis of the significance of causality from insurance activity, measured by insurance premium, to business cycle fluctuation, is well-required. Using 10 published and unpublished studies, we conduct a meta-analysis of the literature on the impact of insurance activity on economic...

Limited liability company according to the new Act on commercial corporations

Eva Daniela Růžičková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2685-2691 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072685  

Act No. 90/2012 Coll., on commercial corporations, is one of the legal norms which arose in connection to the re-codification of the Private law. Along with the new Civil Code and Act on International private law, it brings about fundamental changes in the field of the regulation of commercial companies. It is an act which partially replaced the current Act No. 513/1991 Coll., Commercial Code. Its content predominantly consists of the regulation of commercial companies and cooperatives, while other relations regarding commercial relations will be covered by the new Civil code. The Chamber of Deputies approved the bill on 16^th December and...

Approaches to quality management in hotel industry

Kateřina Ryglová, Ida Vajčnerová, Jakub Šácha

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2693-2699 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072693  

The aim of the paper is to present possibilities and specifics of quality management in hotel services with the focus on the Servqual model. Servqual works on the definition of five dimensions of service quality: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. Demonstrating the practical application of Servqual in selected hotels in the Czech Republic is also a part of the paper. Input data have been gained by force of a primary field-research with the help of a quantitative research via questionnaires and deep interviews. The results of the Servqual score for individual dimensions of service quality have also been used to calculate...

Relationship between competition and efficiency in the Czech banking industry

Iveta Řepková, Daniel Stavárek

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2701-2707 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072701  

The aim of the paper is to estimate the relationship between competition and efficiency in the Czech banking industry in the period 2001-2010. The theoretical definition and literature review of the relationship between banking competition and efficiency is included. Lerner index and Data Envelopment Analysis were used to estimate the degree of competition and efficiency in the Czech banking sector. The market structure of the Czech banking industry was estimated as a monopolistic competition and it was found a slight increase in the competition in the banking sector. The efficiency of the Czech banks increased in the analysed period. Using a Johansen...

Indeterminate values of target variable in development of credit scoring models

Martin Řezáč, Lukáš Toma

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2709-2716 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072709  

In the beginning of every modelling procedure, the first question to ask is what we are trying to predict by the model. In credit scoring the most frequent case is modelling of probability of default; however other situations, such as fraud, revolving of the credit or success of collections could be predicted as well. Nevertheless, the first step is always to define the target variable.The target variable is generally an 'output' of the model. It contains the information on the available data that we want to predict in future data. In credit scoring it is commonly called good/bad definition. In this paper we study the effect of use of indeterminate...

Interpretation of European law, selected issues

Bohumila Salachová, Bohumil Vítek

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2717-2720 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072717  

The article deals with the issue of interpretation of European law. It is based on the classical methodology of law interpretation in continental Europe, but it also reflects the particularities and recent approaches, which are used in European law as in independent and particular legal system. So it is essential to emphasize the autonomous conception of European law, which finally means its own methodology which is different from national attitudes.By practice of European bodies and mainly by judgments of Court of Justice of European Union was established specific set of rules which corresponds to peculiarities of European Union as an integrative...

Synergic motives and economic success of mergers of Czech companies

Jaroslav Sedláček, Petr Valouch, Alois Konečný

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2721-2727 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072721  

One of the motives for mergers and acquisitions is the synergy effect, which can take several forms. This paper tries to find out whether mergers implemented at the Czech market bring positive or negative synergies. The basis of our investigation is the database of the companies that implemented a merger within 2001-2009; out of these, the companies that published their financial statements in a digitalized form were selected. We monitored the development of six indicators characterizing the economic status of a company. The values of these indicators were compared for all participating companies before the merger and for the successor company three...

Innovativeness of enterprises in Poland

Katarzyna Sieradzka

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2729-2735 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072729  

At a time of huge economic challenges, innovativeness is perceived as a way of overcoming difficulties, fostering and assuring socio-economic growth of particular countries. It is necessary to improve competitive standing of enterprises both in domestic and international economies.Launching of new or improved products, application of state of the art technologies and of new organisational and management solutions are key to enhanced effectiveness and better competitiveness of enterprises. Innovation standards of Polish enterprises are considerably lower than those of businesses operating in countries of the old European Union, therefore so much...

Development in consumer food prices on the Czech market in the context of food prices on the EU and world markets

Luboš Smutka, Michal Steininger, Mansoor Maitah, Eva Rosochatecká

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2737-2755 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072737  

This paper discusses the development of consumer prices in the Czech Republic within the context of food prices in the European Union and the global market. The article is identifying the development of the foodstuff consumer prices in the market in the Czech Republic in relation to World and European consumer prices.Subsequently, the development of food consumer prices in the Czech market is analyzed in relation to selected commodities and products marketed in the Czech retail chains. Lastly, the status of individual retail chains in the Czech market is defined and the consumer prices and price differences existing amongst the selected major chains...

Transfer pricing and safe harbours

Veronika Solilová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2757-2768 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072757  

Transfer prices are significant for both taxpayers and tax administrations because they determine in large part taxable profits of associated enterprises in different tax jurisdictions. Moreover, in the context of taxation, transfer prices must be complied with the arm's length principle. However, Multinational Enterprises have been faced daily by conflicting rules and approaches to applying the arm's length principle, burdensome documentation requirements, inconsistent audit standards and unpredictable competent authority outcomes. Therefore, the Committee on Fiscal Affairs launched another project on the administrative aspects of transfer pricing...

Assessment of municipal environmental protection expenditure: Case study in the Czech Republic

Jana Soukopová, Eduard Bakoš

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2769-2777 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072769  

Local authorities need simple economic tools and methodology how to evaluate public expenditure efficiency. There are a lot of ways for measuring efficiency of public expenditure however methods or economic tools which get actual information about efficiency of current public spending are rare. The paper presents new methodology for evaluating current municipal environmental protection expenditures based on a weighted assessment of multiple economic, social and environmental criteria. This methodology has issued from OECD methodology however it is a more complex tool and addresses the three pillars of sustainable development and following interdisciplinary...

Gaining competitive advantage through business analytics

Peter Sprongl

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2779-2785 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072779  

The industry for business analytics within the BI sphere is growing significantly and the distinction in organizations between transactional information systems and decision-oriented systems breaks down. Firms need to understand both the opportunity and the potential of business analytics. Reporting, which is getting a handle on what happened in organizations, is complemented by analytics that is rather explanatory and predictive. Leveraging business analytics means to use analytics applications in order to analyse business problems and produce related business recommendations to improve business process performance. Business analytics must but be...

Organisational arrangement of human resources management in organisations operating in Slovakia and Czech Republic

Zdenko Stacho, Hana Urbancová, Katarína Stachová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2787-2799 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072787  

A necessary condition of effective functioning of human resources management in an organisation is the creation of adequate organisational conditions including the existence of a human resources management department, its size, composition and responsibility, which are formed following particular conditions of the given organisation. Competitive environment of organisations operating in Slovakia and Czech Republic is growing with the process of world economy globalisation, and it brings the need of flexibility in management, and therefore we have to get used to changes also in the sphere of human resources management, and learn to cope with new impulses...

Behaviour of Czech customers when buying food products

Halina Starzyczná, Michal Stoklasa, Pavla Sýkorová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2801-2810 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072801  

This paper presents partial results of the primary research conducted through a questionnaire survey focused on the behaviour of Czech consumers when buying food, with regard to the behaviour of men and women. Specific objectives included are a brief outline of the theoretical issues examined and secondary research on the buying behaviour of consumers when buying food, based on available statistical data and information. After 1989, the quality of the market has changed, sales space has increased as well as the level of sales conditions. Offer in stores has widened. Recently the results of inspections of supervisory authorities show a lot of negative...

Regions and media from quantitative and qualitative perspectives: the case of Czech Republic

Jan Sucháček, Petr Seďa, Václav Friedrich

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2811-2819 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072811  

Media become increasingly important in co-creating the image of spatial units at various scales. The situation is even more intriguing in transition/post-transitions countries, which were exposed to modernization trends in rather short, almost compressed periods. The article aims at showing how media shape the image of NUTS III regions in the Czech Republic. Comparisons show TV coverage embodies media agenda in a satisfactory manner as it has one of the highest impacts on the public on the one hand and is representative enough on the other. That is why TV coverage at the national level with contributions related to individual NUTS III in the Czech...

Economic crisis in company's management and possibilities of their solving

Emil Svoboda

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2821-2826 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072821  

The scientific paper shows results formulated in researches MSM 6215648904 Brno, 2012) and EP focused in analysis of managerial, financial and economic risks and methods of their solving in strategical decision making of business TOP management in a new entrepreneurial environment with influences caused by integration processes, development of information technology and factors of globalization. There is analyzed the situation in Bioveta, Ltd. Ivanovice na Hané in detail.

Dynamic strategy and sustainable business development: lessons learned from the crisis

Jarmila Šebestová, Kateřina Nowáková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2827-2833 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072827  

Each adaptation in business is an impulse to change and may cause unexpected behaviour inside or outside the company. This article aims to present an innovative thinking bond and investment success in overcoming the crisis, based on the results of the research carried out. From knowledge of current methods of management and business management services in general it can be inferred that the enterprise can develop an open system that is capable of rapidly adapting to positive and negative external influences. Which interactions support the dynamics and adaptability of the strategy in a positive way? As a contribution to the literature, the paper will...

Impact of money supply on stock bubbles

Martin Širůček

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2835-2842 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072835  

This article focuses on the effect and implications of changes in money supply in the US on stock bubble rise on the US capital market, which is represented by the Dow Jones Industrial Average index. This market was chosen according to the market capitalization. The attention of the paper is drawn to issues - if according to the results of empirical analysis, the money supply is a significant factor which causes the bubbles and if during the time the significance and impact of this macroeconomic factor on stock index increase.

Multi-criterion analysis of the risks involved in a biogas plant in relation to the structure and sources of biomass and its application in agricultural companies

Jitka Šišková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2843-2850 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072843  

The dynamic development of the conditions in which society lives at present results in changes in the economic, legal, political as well as social environment. These changes are reflected not only in government policies, but also, consequently, in the individual building blocks of national economy, i.e. in businesses, where they lead to adjustments in technological processes in production, as well as in the approaches and tools used in decision-making and management. This factor has been largely neglected or underestimated in economic analyses at the present time. The structure of residues and of the source factors of a number of waste substances in...

Individual single-site travel cost model for Czech paradise geopark

Jan Špaček, Michaela Antoušková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2851-2858 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072851  

Geotourism is a new phenomenon, which has emerged in the tourism literature during the past two decades, and whose meaning suffered from global census. Geotourism is still a new discipline and relatively little has been written about its demand side, demonstrated by a lack of studies in the literature This article studies the recreational value of geotourism areas, and focuses on the first geopark in the Czech Republic, namely the Czech Paradise Geopark. To assess the recreational value the travel cost method is applied, specifically the individual travel cost model. The necessary research data was gathered through intensive tourist surveys conducted...

Strategic management in micro, small and medium-sized businesses in relation to financial success of the enterprise

Monika Švárová, Jaroslav Vrchota

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2859-2866 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072859  

Small and medium sized enterprises play an essential role in the economy of the Czech Republic as a report of development of small and medium-sized enterprises and its support from 2010 announces. They are the source of development of towns, regions and the state itself. Small and medium-sized enterprises represent 99.84 % of the whole business subjects. Statistic data underline this position - they indicate that small and medium-sized enterprises employ 2/3 employees. Therefore, occupying small and medium-sized enterprises are to be taken as priority.Strategic management on the level of small and medium-sized enterprises is, as number of authors...

Using a base of simplified financial plan for determination innovations' economic effect in small and medium-sized enterprises

Jakub Tabas, Michaela Beranová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2867-2873 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072867  

Currently, innovations seem to be a crucial process in companies in order to at least maintain or even improve their competitiveness. Strengthening global competition puts the stress on continual improvements in every sphere of business entity's activities. This way, innovations are the almost only tool to maintain customers, subsequently to keep the place on a market or the market share, and then to sustain the financial performance of a company.It means that effect of innovations is closely connected with the financial performance of a business entity that can be measured with various methods or approaches while the financial analysis ratios...

Development of consumer preferences on the significant markets of pig meat

Vojtěch Tamáš, Věra Bečvářová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2875-2882 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072875  

The aim of the article is to describe the broader context and to verify the relationship of consumer preferences with the income situation of the population in selected regions of the world.This paper deals with the development of consumer preferences in case of pork meat commodity, through verification of relationship between consumption of pork meat and GDP per capita in selected regions (countries) of the world. Very strong relationship of dependency between the level of GDP / per capita and Consumption of animal protein / per capita has been proven through numerous scientific studies. There are also investigated the specifics, conditions and assumptions...

Analysis of inequality of gross added value of conventional and organic farms in selected EU countries

Gabriela Trnková, Zdeňka Malá

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2883-2891 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072883  

The paper deals with the differentiation of gross added value of farms with a focus on mixed production from twelve selected European Union countries in view of the manner of farming. The objective is to define the effect of an ecological and conventional manner of farming on the differentiation of gross added value and to quantify the level of impact of subsidy policy on the elimination of the said inequality. The fulfillment of the said objective was based upon the quantification of the Gini coefficient, which was quantified for selected indicators on the basis of data from the FADN database for the year 2009. In order to assess the effect of the...

Knowledge discovery on consumers' behaviour

Pavel Turčínek, Arnošt Motyčka

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2893-2901 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072893  

This paper summarizes results of the research project "Application of modern methods to data processing in the field of marketing research" which was solved at the Department of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Economics of Mendel University in Brno. The most of these results were presented at international conferences.It describes the use of knowledge discovery techniques on data from marketing research of consumers' behaviour. The paper deals with issues of classification, cluster analysis, correlation and association rules.For classification there were used various algorithms: multi-layer perceptron neural network, self-organizing (Kohonen's)...

Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility in companies of Eastern Slovakia region in 2009 and 2010

Iveta Ubrežiová, Lýdia Stankovič, Bohuslava Mihalčová, Andrea Ubrežiová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2903-2910 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072903  

The article deals with the perception of Corporate Social Responsibility in companies of Eastern Slovakia region in 2009 and 2010. It aims to evaluate the survey performed in selected companies with the aim to find answers to the research questions (concerning the rate of perception of Corporate Social Responsibility, the evaluation of using a concept in the company, the importance of engagement in this area and so on) and with the assistance of selected methods for the examination.Different companies have framed different definition. Our own definition is that Corporate Social Responsibility is about how companies manage the business processes,...

Legal aspects of the crimes committed in insolvency proceedings - comparison of Czech and Austrian legislation

Marta Uhlířová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2911-2916 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072911  

The subject of this paper is to compare the Czech and Austrian legislation considering offenses which entrepreneurs and other entities (natural person) may commit within the insolvency proceedings or which are related to the insolvency. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of Czech and Austrian legislation with regard cross-border relationships within the business environment and living between the Czech Republic and Austria.Czech entrepreneurs and natural person in Austria can get into a situation where their debtor is located in Austria and finds himself insolvent or vice versa. Also the Czech entrepreneurs and natural person may do their bussines...

The impact of factors influencing destination quality on overall customer satisfaction

Ida Vajčnerová, Jakub Šácha, Kateřina Ryglová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2917-2922 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072917  

The paper deals with problems concerning tourist destination quality and the impact of individual factors on the overall satisfaction of a customer - a visitor to a destination. The methodology is based on the evaluation of individual factors that were identified on the basis of previously conducted researches and that consider all attributes of a destination which visitors are able to evaluate on the basis of their experience and consequent satisfaction. The used data were obtained by a questionnaire surveys, the evaluation is qualitative, and the ten-degree Likert scale is used. The practical part of the paper will focus on creating a multidimensional...

Selection of scenarios in qualitative models: The case of a government tenders model

Štěpán Veselý, Mirko Dohnal

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2923-2929 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072923  

The task of this methodological paper is to clarify the process of selection of scenarios in qualitative models. Articles on qualitative modeling usually do not cover the topic of scenarios selection exhaustively, only the basic operations are (sometimes) described. This lack of detail might lead to confusion and overly simplified understanding of the process of model development when new users meet with qualitative models. We outline the basic principle of consistency, i.e. that scenarios inconsistent with a given knowledge item entered into the qualitative model are discarded from the model. With help of this principle, the vast set of all "imaginable"...

Impact of taxes on redistribution in the Czech Republic

Leoš Vítek, Jan Pavel

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2931-2938 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072931  

The paper deals with the distributive effects of taxes during last years in the Czech Republic. Using EU-SILC data for selected types of households, the paper assesses changes in the distribution of gross incomes and effects of the changes in taxes on the distribution of incomes after taxes. The analysis is carried out on different types of households. The analysis is performed using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. The conclusions show that the tax system has changed the distribution of incomes insignificantly.

Factors affecting students' attitude towards introduction of tuition fees for higher education in the Czech Republic

Martina Zámková, Veronika Blašková

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2939-2949 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072939  

Introduction of tuition fees has been much discussed in the Czech Republic over the recent years. Unfortunately, the current system of non-discriminate higher-education funding is no longer supportable, that is, provided that we do not want all universities to be evenly "mediocre". A well configured tuition-fee system with low payments, suitably complemented by student loans covering not only the tuition fees but also the subsistence costs could be an acceptable vision of the future higher education. The obligation to pay for the study should also prevent from enrolment those applicants that only enter a university to avoid having to cater for themselves...

The issues how to express the concentration processes in European agriculture

Ivo Zdráhal, Věra Bečvářová

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2951-2964 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072951  

The paper deals with one of the current problems of the agrarian economics and policy, and this approaches to the definition, measurement and interpretation of farm size, as one of the key indicators of evaluation the processes shaping the entrepreneurial structure in the current agribusiness. The results of research into causation factors and processes shaping the business structure of modern agriculture are presented there. It evaluates approaches to express the magnitude of company and its explanatory power in the context of the selected evaluation criteria of the processes and phenomena. It deals with the potential risks of a narrow criterion-oriented...

High-frequency data and the effectiveness of the spot exchange rate EUR/USD

Petr Zeman, Martin Maršík

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2965-2971 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072965  

The boom of information technology in recent years significantly influenced the development of the financial markets. Financial markets have become accessible to the public, and increased demand for financial instruments is inevitably reflected in the advanced menu of securities dealers who currently offer a wide variety of investment in the underlying assets and through financial leverage allows investors to profit from tiny price changes of the underlying asset. Shortening of trading period and increasing the frequency of the trades clearly contributes to the growth of profits of securities dealers. The question remains whether this trading method...

A credit policy study of Chinese banks on small and medium-sized enterprises

Xiaosong Zheng

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2973-2982 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072973  

In recent years, there is rising attention on the difficult financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). With constant development and improvement in China's socialist market economy system, SMEs is becoming a pivotal part of China's national economy. It can be said that the development of SMEs makes a great contribution to China's national economy development. However, SMEs are facing financing bottlenecks at the same time. This is not only because of the limited financing capabilities of SMEs themselves but also because of the various commercial bank credit policies. It is necessary to solve credit policy problems between SMEs...

Selected aspects of criminal liability of legal persons

Eva Žatecká

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2983-2988 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072983  

This paper will address issues of corporate criminal liability in terms of enterprises. Criminal liability of legal persons is now a major problem that must deal the enterprises with. The contribution points out the major issues associated with this topic when the legal person may be held criminally responsible and how we can prevent such criminal liability. This issue arises with several questions that need to be pointed out. For example, what are the conditions of the criminal liability of the enterprises, which criminal offenses can be committed, or is it possible to prevent such criminal responsibility, etc. These issues will be the subject of...

Destination brand licensing - the case of Porta Lubavia brand

Michał Żemła

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(7), 2989-2994 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072989  

Destination branding is one of the most popular topic among tourism destinations researchers and practitioners however recent research revealed that it is a concept not clear. The purpose of presented paper is to enhance destination branding theory by introducing some new elements taken from other popular concepts used in destination management into destination branding theory. The concept of destination brand licensing was undertaken as a response to several critical argument raised against the existing idea of destination branding. However the concept is yet not finished and practical examples presented so far need scientific generalization to prepare...