Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2005 (vol. 53), issue 5
O viskoelastických vlastnostech hovězího masa při tlakovém zatěžování
On the viscoelastic behaviour of beef meat under compression loading
Jaroslav Buchar, Jana Simeonovová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 7-14 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050007 
A method for the characterising of the behaviour of the beef meat at compressive loading was investigated. Both compressive and relaxation tests have been used. Results of the relaxation tests have shown that the boiled beef can be described in terms of the Maxwell model of the strain behaviour. Parameters of this model are dependent on the values of the loading force. The description of the observed behaviour of the beef under compressive loading thus needs some other model. It is shown that the obtained results on the compressive loading of the beef can be explained in the framework of the hyperelastic - viscous body.
Hniloba pevníku krvavějícího (Stereum sanguinolentum) a její šíření kmenem smrku na LHC Obrova noha
Rot caused by Stereum sanguinolentum and its spread through the Norway spruce stem in the LHC Obrova noha management-plan area
Petr Čermák, Jan Malík
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 15-20 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050015
In the LHC Obrova noha management-plan area (Municipal Forests Prostějov), peeling and browsing damage to spruce (Picea abies) caused by red deer was monitored. In total, 20 plots of an area of 25 × 25 m were monitored in stands aged 26-65 years. On the whole, 56% of 1561 trees were damaged by peeling and browsing, 82% of the damaged trees were attacked by Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb. et Schw.: Fr.) Fr. Trees in the 3rd age class affected by rot show the highest proportion, viz 92% trees damaged by peeling. In the plots, in total 90 sample trees with the presence of rot were cut down. Peeling damage happened 6 to 41 years ago....
VLIV ODSTUPŇOVANÉHO PŘÍDAVKU SUCHÉ PŘÍSADY NA KVALITU SILÁŽE LUPINY
Effect of the different level of a dry feed additive on the lupin silage quality
Petr Doležal, Josef Rotter, Jan Doležal, Václav Pyrochta, Jaroslav Poul
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 21-30 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050021
In the experiment, the effect of additive on the fermentation quality of lupine was examined, by comparing with the untreated control. Fresh green Lupine (Lupines lupine), variete Juno, dry matter content 187.15 g/kg at full waxy stage of maturiy were chopped to the legth of cut ca 30-50 mm. The crop was artificially wilted for a periody 24 h and ensiled as described above. Lupine were ensiled for 98 days in laboratory silos, capacity about 4 L alone or with supplementation of feed additive (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 70 kg/tone forage respectively). The composition and as effective substances of this silage ingredient were dry whey (30%), maize...
HODNOCENÍ STABILIZACE POVRCHOVÉ KOROZE Oceli NÁTĚROVÝMI HMOTAMI
Evaluation of stabilization of steel surface corrosion by paints
Aleš Dvořák, Marta Ščerbejová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 31-38 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050031
This article deals with laboratory experiments focused on protective and stabilizing effects of paints designed to protect rusted steel surfaces. Two well-known paints (the Hammerite No.1 Rustbeater synthetic paint and the Antirezin water-soluble paint) have been evaluated. The standardized tests according to ČSN have been used for the evaluation. Stabilization of rusted steel surface hasn't been demonstrated during the tests. The SEM test method that covers micro-analysis of elements has been used for the evaluation as well.
Spolehlivost a životnost konstrukcí a staveb ze dřeva
Reliability and service life of wood structures and buildings
Zdeňka Havířová, Pavel Kubů
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 39-52 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050039
Service life of constructions and buildings of wood is dependent on temperature and moisture conditions in layers of the building cladding where the wood framework is built in. Temperature/moisture conditions or the corresponding equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of the construction show considerable effects on the functional reliability of the whole building from the viewpoint of mechanical resistance and stability (ER1), energy savings and thermal protection (ER6) and hygiene, health and environment protection (ER3). To ensure the reliability of constructions and buildings for the period of their supposed service life a more profound analysis of...
Příspěvek k poznání fauny bezobratlých krasových závrtů v obhospodařované krajině v CHKO Moravský kras 1. díl: Carabidae (Coleoptera)
Contribution to fauna of invertebrates of sink holes within the agricultural landscape of the Moravian Karst Protected Area. Part one: Carabidae (Coleoptera)
Jana Horáková, Vladimír Hula, Jiří Pikula
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 53-62 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050053
The epigeic fauna in the sink holes was studied using formaldehyde ground traps at 14-day intervals from April to October in 2002 and 2003. A total of 5 transects of traps have been installed within 5 selected areas of the northern part of the Moravian Karst. Areas within the district of Vilémovice, Lažánky and Ostrov near Macocha villages have been studied in particular. Sink holes have been selected on the basis of how they are probably influenced by human activities (types such as regularly mown sink holes within a thoroughly exploited field - 1, sink holes partially or totally overgrown by shrubs - 3 and 2, sink holes with fully developed trees...
Vztah bodu mrznutí k ostatním složkám mléka a jeho změny vlivem laktace u dojnic českého strakatého a holštýnského plemene skotu
The relationship between freezing point of milk and milk components and its changes during lactation in Czech Pied and Holstein cows
Gustav Chládek, Vladimír Čejna
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 63-70 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050063
The freezing point of milk (FPM) is an instant indicator of violated technological quality of raw milk, especially of dilution. FPM can also vary due to numerous effects associated with changes in milk composition and milk characteristics. Beside the effect of season, phase of lactation, breed, milk yield, sub-clinical mastitis etc. the impacts of nutrition and dietary or metabolic disorders are the most significant and the most frequent (GAJDŮŠEK, 2003). FPM is a relatively stable physical characteristic and due to osmotically active elements it ranges from -0.510 to -0.535 °C (HANUŠ et al., 2003b). Recently ŠUSTOVÁ (2001) studied the freezing point...
Vybrané aspekty krajinné ekologie v procesu pozemkových úprav
Selected aspects of landscape ecology in process land consolidations
Radka Jandurová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 71-78 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050071
Work called "Selected Aspects of landscape ecology in process land consolidations" aims at providing analysis of some parts of the process of land consolidations. The goal of this work is to analyse and evaluate two aspects of landscape ecology - evaluating the development of the agricultural land creation and the face of a landscape.In order to achieve the above-mentioned goals a model area located in Zlín region was used in the thesis. It is an area registered as Kvítkovice near Otrokovice and a district of complex land consolidation called Kvítkovice.After thoroughly studying theoretical sources and performing field explorations and after...
Senzorická analýza masa kohoutků a slepiček krmených krmnou směsí s přídavkem amarantu nebo rybí moučky
Sensory analysis of meat of cockerels and pullets fed with diets containing Amaranth or fishmeal
Miroslav Jůzl, Jana Simeonovová, Bohumila Písaříková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 79-90 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050079
Sensory-evaluation was conducted on 80 chickens (ROSS 308) 36 days old. Chickens were divided into groups by course of the diet addition of Amaranth or fishmeal in basic fed diets BR1 and BR2 (addition 2% of fish meal, 10% of no-heat-treated Amaranth, 10% of heat-treated Amaranth - popping, 10% of dry mass of Amaranth). Groups were separated by sex in rearing. Totally were 8 groups of 10 chickens. It was evaluated sensory quality of breast and legs (thigh and drumstick). There were 8 members of evaluation group; evaluation was done by group of 8 members satisfied all conditions in ISO 8586-1 in special room for sensory analysis (according to ISO 8589).It...
Výzkum využití indikátorů ukládání biologicky rozložitelných odpadů (BRO) na skládku
Research of the indicators the volume of the biodegradable waste on the landfills
Jana Kotovicová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 91-98 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050091
The orientation of the research work for the exploitation of the preventive tools for the decrease of biodegradable waste comes out from the requirements, which are reposed on Czech Republic as a valid member of European Union. The Czech Republic have to follow the legislative requirements, which are defined for the waste treatment, in this case it deals with the EC Landfill Directive (1999/31/ES). The directive undertakes for the EU members to limit the volume of the biodegradable waste on the landfills. The main sense of this restriction is to reduce the volume of the emitted gas, mainly methane, into atmosphere. Therefore, it was assigned the Waste...
Zhodnocení testů temperamentů u volků masných plemen
Evaluation of temperament tests in beef steers
János Tőzsér, Andrea Szentléleki, Rita Zándoki, Katalin Maros, Zoltán Domokos, Jan Kuchtík
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 99-104 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050099
The aim of the study was to evaluate three times repetited measurements of the beef steers temperament using of the Scale Test (1-5 score from docile to wild) and the Flight Speed Test (the time taken to cover a set distance of 1.7 m after leaving the weight scale in tenths of a second). Ten Charolais and 10 Hungarian Grey steers were used. At the start of testing, the Charolais and Hungarian Grey steers aged 446 and 487 days, respectively, while the following measurements were realized at their average age of 553 and 594 days, respectively and of 713 and 754 days, respectively. The mean temperament scores revealed that temperament was fairly consistent...
Modelování růstu vykrmovaných prasat a vliv stresových faktorů na spotřebu krmiva
Modeling the pigs body mass growth and the stressing factors impact on the daily feed intake
Ludvík Novák, Ladislav Zeman, Pavel Novák, Petr Mareš
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 105-116 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050105
Modeling the body mass growth in fattened pigs by means of the exponential growth function enables to simulate the growth curve from three constants of the gender's, or the hybrid's combination, represented by their body mass phenotype: body mass at birth (G0) genetic limit of body mass (GLi) and the maximum body mass increase reached in the inflexion of the growth curve (dG max). However the expression of animal's genome to its body mass phenotype depends on the amount and quality of the feed mixture consumed and mainly on the fact how much of the net energy gained remains left for production (NEp), after the mandatory needs of the body maintenance...
První zkušenosti se vzájemnými interakcemi podnož révy vinné x mšička révokaz
First experiences with grape rootstocks x phylloxera interactions
Pavel Pavloušek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 117-124 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050117
Grape phylloxera, Dactulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch., is one of most destructive insect pest of cultivated grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) worldwide. Phylloxera was the cause of incomparable structural changes in European viticulture. It also led to the usage of new biotechnology - rootstocks for grape varieties. The direct damage is related to phylloxera feeding of roots and leaves. Rootstocks bred solely with American Vitis spp. parentage allow little or none of phylloxera related root damage that is seen on Vitis vinifera. Rootstocks with partial Vitis vinifera parentage may also confer a high level of grape phylloxera...
Střevlíkovití (Coleoptera, Carabidae) agrocenóz pšenice jarní a ozimé
Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) agrocenoses of spring and winter wheat
Luboš Purchart, Emanuel Kula
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 125-132 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050125
On two monitoring areas of the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (ÚKZÚZ) loaded with risk elements we carried out investigations of beetles of the family Carabidae (Coleoptera) in agricultural stands of winter and spring wheat. The focus of the present study is on synecological characteristics and in some extent on the impact of agricultural practise on the population and seasonal dynamics of the most important representatives of ground beetles. This paper precedes the following article aimed to contents of heavy metals in ground beetles.
Vliv rozdílného hospodaření se slámou a zpracování půdy na výskyt plevelů
Effect of various tillage operations and straw management on the occurence of weeds
Ivana Remešová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 133-142 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050133
The weed infestation was assessed in a field experiment at the Research Institute for Folder Crops Ltd., Troubsko near Brno in 2001-2004. Numbers of individual weed species were determined using a counting method on the area of 0.25 m2 in winter wheat stands within the 6-crop rotation (peas, winter wheat, spring barley, oilseed rape, winter wheat, winter wheat) in different variants of soil tillage and straw management. The highest weed infestation in all variants was found when winter wheat followed winter wheat. The highest number of weeds was assessed in the variant with stubble tillage to the depth of 0.12-0.15 m, planting with a precision...
Vliv ošetření desikanty na kvalitu fenyklu obecného (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare Mill.)
The effect of the desiccants treatment on the fennel quality (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare Mill.)
Gabriela Růžičková, Blanka Kocourková, Jitka Sedláková, Jana Hajšlová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 143-150 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050143
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare Mill.) is an perennial herb, it is cultivated for the essential oil in the fruits. The quality criteria are essential oil content, microbiological contamination and residua of pesticides. The important part of the cultivation technology is ununiform maturity of the fruits. The aim of this work was to find out the influence of the desiccants on quality and yield characteristics of fennel fruits produced in field conditions in the first years of growing. Three preparations were applied: glufosinate-NH4, 150 g.l-1 (2 l.ha-1), diquat dibromide, 200 g.l-1 (3 l.ha-1)...
Zavlečené a invazní druhy hmyzu v České republice a jejich ekonomický a ekologický význam (Insecta)
Introduced and invasive insect species in the Czech Republic and their economic and ecological impact (Insecta)
Hana Šefrová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 151-158 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050151
A total of 383 alien insect species were registered in the Czech Republic, which represents 1.4% of local fauna. The most numerous taxonomic groups are Homoptera (116 species, 30.3%), Coleoptera (110; 28.7%) and Lepidoptera (37; 9.7%). The occurrence of 200 species (52.2%) are limited to closed heated spaces, casual aliens (28; 7.3%) infiltrate the outdoor environment for a short term only, 36 (9.4%) naturalized non-invasive species do not spread from the location of introduction, 50 (13.1%) species are post-invasive and 69 (18.0%) invasive. From the species registered, 61 (15.9%) are stored product pests (especially Coleoptera 36 species, Psocoptera...
Vliv pastvy ovcí na obsah minerálních látek ve stepních porostech Národní přírodní rezervace Mohelenská hadcová step
Effect of sheep grazing on mineral matter content of steppe stands in national nature reserve Mohelská serpentinite steppe
Pavel Veselý
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 159-168 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050159
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of sheep pasture on the content of minerals in growth of the Mohelenska Serpentine Steppe National Nature Reserve.Merino sheep pastured on the steppe in 1997-1998, electrical fencer was used. There were 6.8-9.4 sheep per 1 ha in 1997 and 6.7-8.7 sheep per 1 ha in 1998 on the pasture area 4.25 and 6 ha. Samples of steppe growth were taken from five locations with typical fytocenological composition for particular area of steppe. Samples were taken each two weeks during vegetative season from area 3x1 m2. The contents of Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe in dry matter were evaluated. The...
Příjem a metabolizmus 2,4-dichlorophenoxyoctové kyseliny během indukce somatické embryogeneze smrku (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)
Uptake and metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid during induction of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) somatic embryogenesis
Helena Vlašínová, Ladislav Havel, Marek Klemš, Stanislav Procházka
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 169-174 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050169
Uptake and metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) into zygotic embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were studied on medium used for induction of somatic embryogenesis. The main task of this work was to study effect of longitudinal bisection of embryos, which was found as increasing the subsequent induction of embryogenic cultures. The maximal uptake of 2,4-D per one embryo was detected after 16 hours on medium in bisected embryos. The bisection increased 2,4-D uptake per embryo in first 16th hours, but then increased its release back to the medium. The metabolism of 2,4-D in bisected embryos was lower than...
Vliv tepelného zpracování na abrazivní opotřebení
Influence of heat treatments on the abrasive wear
Jiří Votava, Michal Černý, Josef Filípek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 175-186 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050175
The particular samples were made of the steel 14 260 and were exposed to following different heat treatments - soft annealing, normalizing, heat refining and hardening. After these heat treatments the samples were exposed both laboratory tests and also field tests. The wear test particles was carried out on the device with abrasive canvas. The laboratory test was realized in room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. Measured values were statistically and graphically analyzed and interpreted. Results of the tests confirmed our preliminary expectations that the extent of the wear would depend on the value of hardness of the used materials. The...
Vliv rozdílné technologie zpracování půdy na druhové spektrum plevelů v ozimé řepce
Impact of different soil cultivation on weed species in winter rape (oilseed)
Jan Winkler, Věra Zelená
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 187-194 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050187
A community of weeds and crops is affected by a number of factors, including, among other things, also tillage. In the years 2000-2002, the composition of weed species in rape stands was evaluated on the fields with the total area of 551 hectares (1 hectar equals to some 2.47 acres). The evaluation was carried out with the application of methodology developed by Kühn (1982). On the fields located in the cadastral area of Olomouc - Holice, which had been cultivated in a traditional manner, 115 relevés were recorded. On the fields in the cadastral area of Bohuňovice, which had been cultivated with the application of reduced tillage, 97 relevés were recorded...
SROVNÁNÍ METOD STANOVENÍ FAKTORU ERODOVATELNOSTI PŮDY K
Comparison of methods for determination of soil erodibility factor K
Jana Dufková, František Toman, Milada Šťastná
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2005, 53(5), 197-206 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200553050197
The comparison of values of the soil erodibility factor K (which is used in the universal equation for soil loss calculation), that were determined according to the main soil units and values of the K factor determined on the base of texture analysis, has found differences in soil texture in the range of the same main soil unit. The need of the laboratory analyses follows from the comparative analyses for the determination of K factor that is also necessary for determination of threat of soil by water erosion or for the projection of erosion control. The values of K factor that was specified according to the soil ecological units could be possible...