Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2011 (vol. 59), issue 7
Being mobile virtually
Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 9-16 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070009 
The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of virtual mobility, various types of virtual activities and the results of own research conducted within the MoreVM project. The new types of mobility, resp. virtual mobility are explored in EU context interpreting the research results and stressing case studies as examples of good practice. Virtual mobility among two or more educational institutions offers students a virtual trip abroad. There is an opportunity to acquire a number of ECTS-points at one of the foreign partner institutions or through a joint activity which are counted to the student's degree at his/her home university. This paper is...
Factors influencing consumer behaviour in market vegetables in Yemen
Tarish H. Al-Gahaifi, Jaroslav Světlík
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 17-28 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070017
The purpose of the research is to understand factors influencing consumer behaviour when buying vegetables in Republic of Yemen. Data collection was done by structured questionnaire administered through schools, universities, government offices, and markets from 13 provinces in 5 governorates. Random convenience sampling technique was used. Total sample comprised of 463 completed questionnaires which were used for analysis. The respondents were classified into five categories on the base of their monthly income, age, education, gender, and type of settlement. Authors present the factors that can influence significantly this behaviour, e.g....
The influence of price endings on consumer behaviour: an application of the psychology of perception
Emmanuel Selase Asamoah, Miloslava Chovancová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 29-38 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070029
Price ending is an important pricing strategy that has been used by retailers over the years. The trend seems to be effective considering how consumers react especially to products with odd price endings. This review is aimed at providing an understanding of the psychological influences of price ending on buyers, using the theory of perception. It analysis theories and existing literature on the topic and brings out augmentative pricing strategies that retailers can adopt in consumer markets. Also, an exploratory study was conducted to identify the prevalence of odd prices in the Czech retail sector. The exploratory study was based on 16 different...
Intelligence analysis - the royal discipline of Competitive Intelligence
František Bartes
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 39-56 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070039
The aim of this article is to propose work methodology for Competitive Intelligence teams in one of the intelligence cycle's specific area, in the so-called "Intelligence Analysis". Intelligence Analysis is one of the stages of the Intelligence Cycle in which data from both the primary and secondary research are analyzed. The main result of the effort is the creation of added value for the information collected. Company Competiitve Intelligence, correctly understood and implemented in business practice, is the " forecasting of the future". That is forecasting about the future, which forms the basis for strategic decisions made by the company's...
Components of the financial performance of agricultural enterprises
Michaela Beranová, Marcela Basovníková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 57-68 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070057
Financial performance of agricultural enterprises is discussed mainly in relation to agricultural subsidies policy of the Government. Agriculture is undoubtedly a specific sector of the national economy because the market conditions do not ensure a settlement of production costs of agricultural commodities. Than the most of agricultural enterprises have negative financial performance measured with the Economic Value Added (EVA).The aim of this paper is to identify and determine the main factors influencing the value of the EVA indicator in agricultural enterprises while the analysis is focused especially on four variables directly entering the...
The factors affecting competitiveness of companies: contribution and limits of the statistical pattern recognition methods
Ladislav Blažek, Pavel Pudil, Jiří Špalek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 69-80 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070069
The paper elaborates the methodical side of empirical research of factors influencing the economic success of companies. The analysis is based on the selective sample of more than 400 stock listed (share holding) companies and limited partnerships located in the Czech Republic. The main goal of the research is to verify, methodically and theoretically, the hypothesis that there is significant mutual dependency between certain types of economic success of companies and a certain typical configuration of values of selected characteristics which describe these companies. The paper concentrates on an analysis of applying the statistical pattern recognition...
What does the implementation of IFRS for SMEs bring for agricultural enterprises?
Hana Bohušová, Patrik Svoboda
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 81-90 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070081
Agricultural activity is largely different from other activities that the entities perform in order to achieve profit. Unlike other business entities, agricultural produce is significantly dependent on natural climatic conditions, and therefore a particular specialization of agricultural produce depends on geographic location. Agricultural producers use every form of business organization, from small farms to large publicly held corporations. Although most entrepreneurs working in agriculture are small and medium enterprises, the specifics of agriculture are significantly reflected in the financial reporting intended primarily for large corporations...
Financial health of agricultural enterprises in the organic farming sector
Ivana Brožová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 91-96 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070091
The present research was aimed at evaluating the economic performance of organic farm enterprises (legal entities) in the Czech Republic on the basis of their production base and financial health. The evaluation was carried out by means of specific financial indicators. The results recorded in the organic farming sector were confronted with those of the conventional agriculture. It stemmed from the analysis that conventionally farming legal entities, as opposed to the organically farming ones, tend to have higher average assets per hectare of farmland. Secondly, as for the structure of assets, fixed assets prevail substantially over current assets....
Analysis of educational needs of student teachers at the Institute of Lifelong Learning at Mendel University in Brno
Lenka Danielová, Dita Janderková, Marie Horáčková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 97-104 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070097
The paper is devoted to the results of the second stage of an internal research project, which has been implemented since 2008 at the Lifelong Learning Institute at Mendel University in Brno. Analysis of the educational needs of students undertaking the Bachelor degree in Specialization in Pedagogy was carried out by a questionnaire. The first part is devoted to the attitudes of student teachers to the graduate profile for the field of study, and the issue of the content of study programs is also addressed, with a focus on the practical component. The second part of the paper focuses on research into the professional skills of student teachers which...
Mass layoffs in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Jiří Duda, Katarína Hrubová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 105-110 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070105
The paper describes the legislative framework for mass layoffs. Among the important obligations of the employer in case of mass layoffs there belongs a previous announcement of the intention to employees, unions and the Labour Office. The paper analyzes particular cases within selected companies. Companies tried to avoid mass layoffs by reducing costs such as an elimination of selected employee benefits, shortening working hours, abolition of recruitment, etc. Businesses have also reduced employee training. When analyzing the process of mass layoffs, authors have built certain assumptions. Assumptions were divided into five groups dealing with the...
Determinants influencing consumer behaviour in organic food market
Monika Frýdlová, Hana Vostrá
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 111-120 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070111
This is a treatise of consumer behaviour in the Czech foods market, respectively, organic food market. This concerns comprehensive analysis of consumer behaviour, which places great emphasis on the motivating factors and barriers, which substantially influence the individual consumers when deciding between conventional foods and organic foods and are operationally broken down into a set of empirical indicators. The database comes from a questionnaire survey to ascertain the trends in the development of the consumption of conventional foods and organic foods including the shopping behaviour of the individual consumers. The results of the questionnaire...
Corruption in the Czech and Slovak Republic: Did the EU pressure improve legal framework and its enforcement?
Ladislava Grochová, Tomáš Otáhal
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 121-136 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070121
Did the EU pressure improve legal framework and its enforcement in the Czech and Slovak Republic? The paper analyzes the current state of the Czech and Slovak quality of legal framework and its enforcement in the context of the European Union accession. We looked at a variety of corruption indicator data, such as statistics of revealed and clarified malfeasance connected with corruption per 100 capita and the composite indexes. These indicators suggest that the quality of the legal framework and its enforcement in the Czech and Slovak Republic has not improved after joining the European Union. More precisely, it can be argued that in spite of implementation...
Design of methodology for incremental compiler construction
Pavel Haluza, Jiří Rybička
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 137-146 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070137
The paper deals with possibilities of the incremental compiler construction. It represents the compiler construction possibilities for languages with a fixed set of lexical units and for languages with a variable set of lexical units, too. The methodology design for the incremental compiler construction is based on the known algorithms for standard compiler construction and derived for both groups of languages. Under the group of languages with a fixed set of lexical units there belong languages, where each lexical unit has its constant meaning, e.g., common programming languages. For this group of languages the paper tries to solve the problem of...
The legal regulation of information and communications technologies as specific forms of a production factor for capital in the food industry
Aleš Hes, Daniela Šálková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 147-156 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070147
Information and communications technologies (ICT) are usually given attention primarily from the standpoint of the technical aspects. However the legal aspects of this specific area cannot be forgotten, as they significantly influence the efficacy and usefulness to entrepreneurial subjects i.e. the conditions for making business transactions. ICT are one of the factors that markedly influence agricultural primary production and the food industry as well as all other branches of the economy. Therefore it is necessary to analyse the effect Community legal regulations for electronic transactions have on resource utility. The aim of the paper is to analyse...
Integration of economic, environmental, social and corporate governance performance and reporting in enterprises
Jiří Hřebíček, Jana Soukopová, Michael Štencl, Oldřich Trenz
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 157-166 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070157
Current trends of corporate performance evaluation, i.e. the measurement of environmental, social, economic and governance performance of company and corporate sustainable reporting are discussed in the paper. The relationship between company performance and reporting its key performance indicators is important, therefore, the development of modern and advanced methods and metrics to identify these indicators mainly based on the quantification with the possibility of utilization of information and communication technology are discussed.
Framework of performance measurement system for Czech small breweries
Gabriela Chmelíková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 167-176 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070167
In spite of increasing interest on performance measurement systems during last 30 years, there is not visible any significant deviation from widely used financial measures in Czech business environment. These are generally criticized on account of several reasons: lag information content, bad fitting with information age competition and difficult communication to employees. Shift from the financial perspective to the non-financial one within the performance management invoked genesis of different performance measurement systems. The aim of this paper was therefore to establish the status of current knowledge in the area of performance measurement systems...
Monetary policy implementation and money demand instability during the financial crisis
Svatopluk Kapounek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 177-186 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070177
The author focuses on the money endogeneity in the context of common monetary policy implementation in the euro area. The empirical analysis shows money demand function instability during the financial crisis. The instability is described by decrease in credit money creation and money velocity changes. The cointegration tests identifed long-run positive relationship between monetary aggregates and economic activity. Concurrently, the economic activity is treated to be weakly exogenous in the model.The conclusions are discussed with Postkeynesians' assumption, that central banks cannot fix the stock of money in a country. The causality is directed...
Methodological aspects of journaling a dynamic adjusting entry model
Vlasta Kašparovská, Jana Gláserová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 187-194 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070187
This paper expands the discussion of the importance and function of adjusting entries for loan receivables. Discussion of the cyclical development of adjusting entries, their negative impact on the business cycle and potential solutions has intensified during the financial crisis. These discussions are still ongoing and continue to be relevant to members of the professional public, banking regulators and representatives of international accounting institutions. The objective of this paper is to evaluate a method of journaling dynamic adjusting entries under current accounting law. It also expresses the authors' opinions on the potential for consistently...
Competitiveness of firms, performance and customer orientation measures - empirical survey results
Alena Klapalová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 195-202 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070195
The purpose of this paper is to presents results from two empirical surveys concerning selected factors which can be connected to customer orientation, performance and competitiveness of firms. The purpose of the surveys was also to reveal potential differences between sectors arising from not only the different influences of internal but as well as external environment. A survey instrument was developed to analyse the relationship between several variables measuring customer orientation of surveyed firms and between these factors and level of financial performance. Several statistical methods were applied to analyse the data, specifically descriptive...
Corporate sustainability: environmental, social, economic and corporate performance
Alena Kocmanová, Marie Dočekalová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 203-208 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070203
The article deals with corporate sustainability and environmental and social issues of the integration of corporate performance measurement that may lead to sustainable economic success. Sustainability is a strategy of the process of sustainable development. Sustainability of businesses and sustainable performance can be defined as an integration of environmental, social and economic performance. First and foremost, businesses will want to know what indicators can be used to measure environmental, social and economic performance. What is the mutual relationship between environmental, social and economic performance? How can firms arrive at a comprehensive...
Dynamic aging chain of the Czech Republic population
Igor Krejčí, Romana Kvasnička, Jaroslav Švasta
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 209-216 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070209
System dynamics is a method enabling simulation and subsequent analysis of various socio-economic problems. Even though it was founded about fifty years ago, it is relatively new and little used in the Czech Republic. It has a good practice to make use of molecules, standard partial modelling structures which make the modelling processes easier and more effective.The objective of this article is to introduce and provide such molecule of an aging chain for the Czech Republic population. To increase its usefulness the aging chain is disaggregated and divided into two chains, one for each sex. The aging chain molecule consists of stock and flow diagram,...
The Income situation of the private households and its impact on the food consumption in the Slovak Republic
Ľubica Kubicová, Zdenka Kádeková, Ľudmila Nagyová, Jana Stávková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 217-224 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070217
Accession of the Slovak Republic to the EU in 2004 opened up the new opportunities not only in the formation of incomes but also in changes of consumer habits of the population in Slovakia. The basis for these changes were given before 1989, since when it has been possible to monitor realization of reforms. After 1989 have been observed the changes in the evolution of the household income and expenditure structure. The analysis confirms the significant differences and unbalanced right-inclined distribution of income. Households in the fourth income quartile had 2.8 times higher incomes than families in the first income quartile ( Statistical Office...
Elasticity of demand of the Czech consumer
Jiří Luňáček, Vít Feldbabel
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 225-236 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070225
The price elasticity of demand enables to set the real "correct price" to the seller guaranteeing the highest income. Despite the fact that the price elasticity of demand is very important in the economic practice, no work that would deal with it in greater details seems to be elaborated till now. The available sources show practically only and exclusively coefficients of the price elasticity of demand in the United States. These coefficients can naturally be utilized, but for certain goods only (e.g. salt, etc.), where the demand is the same irrespectively of where we find ourselves globally. There are certain products and services where the demand...
Analysis of the impacts of Common Agricultural Policy on plant production in the Czech Republic
Zdeňka Malá, Gabriela Červená, Michaela Antoušková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 237-244 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070237
Common agricultural policy has fundamentally projected itself into the business management of individual agricultural businesses. The submission addresses the assessment of the effects of subsidy policy on the production, costs and profit of agricultural businesses that engage predominantly in plant production. At the same time, it determines the effects of subsidy policy on demand for the production factors of labour and land. To the research questions more than 100 agriculture businesses were analyzed. The date from financial statements enabled to construct production function model, to quantify the cost function, the function of demand for land,...
Summation comparison theorems for half-linear second order difference equations on finite interval
Robert Mařík
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 245-248 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070245
In the paper, new comparison theorems for the half-linear difference equationΔ(RkΦ(Δzk)) + CkΦ(zk+1) = 0, Φ(u) = |u|p-2 u, p > 1,are derived. We show that if a solution of this equation has a generalized zero on the discrete interval [a, b], then the same holds for a solution of its majorant. The main tool used in the paper is the variational technique which relates nonexistence of a solution with a generalized zero with nonegativity of the p-degree functional defined on the suitable...
Economic modelling under conditions of exploitation of cohesive construction minerals
Milan Mikoláš, Michal Vaněk, Igor Černý, Lucie Kučerová, František Žoček
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 249-260 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070249
Managers of mining companies use for decision-making on optimization of manufacturing processes advanced modelling methods and simulations on computers. The article proposes and analyses the model of a mining company production cycle consisting of a three-dimensional quarry model, technology model and economic-mathematical model. Based on the latter model an economic simulation model of a quarry has been created in the MS Excel program currently available on all personal computers, which measures outputs in the form of changes in total and unit costs according to the generic classification of costs in response to changes in inputs in the form of parameters...
The impact of foreign direct investment on unemployment in Japan
Milan Palát
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 261-266 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070261
The flow of foreign direct investment is one of the indicators of economic interconnection with the rest of the world. The paper is aimed at evaluating of inward FDI flows into Japanese economy and unemployment development. For many decades, Japan has attracted considerably lower levels of inward FDI compared to other developed countries of the world. Also the rate of unemployment in Japan was relatively low which is caused by a specific attitude of the active population of Japan towards employment issues. Methods of regression and correlation analysis (including testing the statistical significance) were used in the analysis of FDI and unemployment....
Assessment of subjective aspects of the quality of life in the various regions of the Czech Republic
Julie Poláčková, Andrea Jindrová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 267-274 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070267
The paper is focused on the methodological approaches to assess subjective aspects of the quality of life in the various regions. Besides, directly measurable indicators, which may not always correspond with the quality of life of the individuals in the regions, the subjective aspects of well-being are also in the spotlight. The pilot analysis examined the answers to questions such as: Are you satisfied with the health and social services, the cost of living, safety of public spaces, affordability of housing, or your personal job situation? These answers were used for an assessment of the quality of life in the different regions of the Czech Republic....
Knowledge, flawlessness and failures in processing of public procurement documents at the state administration
Nataša Pomazalová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 275-282 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070275
The objective of this paper is to generate insights into the process of establishing examination of failures in additional documents of specifications of public tenders using archival data. The study is conducted in the public sector procurement practice of public sector organizations - organizational units in the Czech Republic. Overall, the study adds a piece to the mosaic of preparation of public procurement specifications and additional documents arranged in line with the guidance of public procurement in years 2007-2010. The data set contained failures in specifications and additional documents processed in fifteen organizational units. The key...
Comparison of methodological approaches to identify economic activity regularities in transition economy
Jitka Poměnková, Svatopluk Kapounek, Roman Maršálek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 283-292 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070283
Presented paper focuses on consideration and evaluation of methodical approaches to analyze cyclical structure character of economic activity in transition economy. As a starting point, work in time domain is applied, which is followed in frequency domain approach. Both approaches are viewed from methodical as well as application point of view and their advantage and disadvantage are discussed. Consequently, time-frequency domain approach is added and applied on real data. On the basis of obtained results recommendation is formulated. All discussed methodical approaches are also considered from the perspective of capability to evaluate behaving of...
Subsidies of agricultural production in the Czech Republic and their economic context
Marie Prášilová, Lucie Severová, Jan Chromý
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 293-300 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070293
An important part of evaluating common economic politics of countries in the European Union (EU) is the observation of microeconomic consequences of governmental subsidies in agriculture. This article mentions some basic theoretical and practical connections regarding subsidies in agriculture and of agricultural products on the Czech market, and regarding consequences of implemented price intervention programs. If a subsidy is directed to large-scale producers as well as to geographically unfavourably situated small-scale producers, it can not only miss its own target, but even deepen the existing problem. It is now becoming apparent that prospering...
Czech small and medium-sized enterprises and the success in foreign markets
Lenka Procházková, Jan Hubený
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 301-306 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070301
The importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in national economies has been growing. For these reasons, SME's are paid more attention. The paper deals with the success of Czech SME's activities in the foreign markets. These enterprises exploited the opportunity of extensive European Union market without internal borders and extended its activities to foreign markets. The objective of this paper is to determine characteristics related to activities carried on by small and medium-sized Czech companies in the foreign markets and then to describe those that fundamentally affect the success of these entities in the foreign markets. The characteristics...
Private equity and venture capital financing in the Czech Republic and other european countries - development, opportunities and limitations
Jaroslava Rajchlová, Zdeněk Brož, Michaela Baranyková, Michal Polák
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 307-316 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070307
Financing by means of private equity and venture capital (PE/VC) offers businesses the resources required to finance their future growth and bring prospective business plans and innovative ideas to reality. This form of financing is relatively new and even though it offers clear advantages it is not frequently used in the Czech Republic and other European countries in the CEE region. This paper addresses current and very relevant issues related to this form of financing. The purpose of this research is to identify opportunities and limitations for this type of financing based on benchmarking analysis. This analysis observes the development of PE/VC...
Proposing changes in legislative and institutional conditions for private equity and venture capital financing in the Czech Republic - a comparative study with Poland
Jaroslava Rajchlová, Michaela Baranyková, Michal Polák, Zdeněk Brož
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 317-324 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070317
This paper discusses the conditions of private equity and venture capital financing in the Czech Republic and Poland. Especially the related legislation, taxes and support of this type of financing are discussed in detail. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the conditions, to find factors that have positive influence and to formulate recommendations that would improve the conditions for both PE/VC investors and firms with new business ideas. Improving the conditions for PE/VC financing helps small businesses get the needed capital that cannot be obtained from banks and other institutions. This form of financing has a proven positive effect...
Multiculturalism at Czech universities as a predictor of diversity work place. The case of students from former Soviet Union
Martina Rašticová, Valery Senichev
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 325-336 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070325
The study is focused on the problematic of spreading multiculturalism at universities in the Czech Republic. The number of immigrants mostly from regions of Eastern Europe coming to work and live in the country keeps growing. From previous research, it is apparent that success in dealing with immigrants at Universities and in the work places is conditioned by the perception of minorities and vice versa. Whereas most of the research is focused on the perception of minority groups, there is a lack of research data regarding the perception of majority groups. The current study is concerned with the perception of a majority group by foreign students from...
Development of mergers and acquisitions in the conditions of the Czech economy 2001-2010
Jaroslav Sedláček, Zuzana Křížová, Eva Hýblová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 337-346 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070337
This paper presents the first results of a research project which has the aims to identify the problems appearing during the preparation of mergers in compliance with valid Czech regulations and to analyze economic causes and consequences of mergers. At the first stage it was necessary to compile a basic dataset in a structure needed for a statistical analysis. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is to ascertain, both theoretically and empirically, how the external environment affected the development of mergers of trading companies in the conditions of the Czech economy. The covered period is the past ten years, i.e. 2001-2010, when the...
Selected aspects of GDP value and structure development in sub-Saharan Africa
Luboš Smutka, Karel Tomšík
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 347-362 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070347
Africa belongs to the poorest regions of the world. This statement may be applied especially to its sub-Saharan part. The paper analyses some basic structural characteristics related to the economic development of sub-Saharan region. The article reveals existing differences between countries and regions of sub-Saharan Africa and analyses key problems which influence economic development of individual states. An emphasis is placed on analysing an unsuitable GDP structure and on external economic relations which affect this structure. Results of an investigation show that the GDP of sub-Saharan countries is to a large extend generated by the primary...
CFC rules in the context of the proposed CCCTB directive
Veronika Sobotková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 363-370 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070363
In the proposal for a Council Directive on a Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) there have been introduced a specific anti-abuse provisions, CFC rules. These rules are aimed at tax evasions and tax avoidance. The basic principle is the protection of the tax base against erosion through practices of artificial income shifting. Generally, CFC rules prevent tax avoidance in a state of a shareholder by denying the deferred taxation of profits generated by its controlled company, which is a resident in a tax preference jurisdiction. Even thought the CCCTB directive would be aided easier and low-costs cross-border business as well as it would...
Model of cost and price relationships for municipal waste management of the Czech Republic
Jana Soukopová, Jiří Hřebíček
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 371-378 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070371
Presented paper Model of cost and price relationships for municipal waste management of the Czech Republic introduces an integrated waste management model of the Czech Republic which was developed as a balanced network model for a set of sources (mostly municipalities) of municipal solid waste (MSW) connected with a set of chosen waste treatment facilities processing their waste. Model is implemented as a combination of four models including environmental and economic point of view. It enables to formulate the optimisation problem in a concise way and the resulting model is easily scalable. It can be used for waste management planning as a decision...
Efficiency of the current municipal waste expenditure - methodology approach and its application
Michal Struk, Jana Soukopová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 379-386 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070379
The paper introduces methodology designed in order to evaluate and compare efficiency of chosen municipal waste expenditure via calculating efficiency ratings. First part of the paper briefly describes current situation around environmental protection expenditure in Czech Republic and explains reason why the area of current municipal waste expenditure has been chosen for the efficiency evaluation. Second part is dedicated to the idea of the efficiency evaluation methodology which is based on Cost-effectiveness Analysis (CEA). CEA is working with two aspects of efficiency. First aspect is efficiency of expenditure per capita and second is efficiency...
State and development analysis of human resources in Czech region South-West
Libuše Svatošová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 387-394 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070387
Within determination of regional development strategies it is necessary to analyze the present development of all groups of indicators expressing the state and development of the region and especially to identify factors determining the region development, and to evaluate and quantify their significance. The state and development analyses of human resources in the region have the irreplaceable place here. Human resources are the determining resource of regional development; therefore it is necessary to give them appropriate attention because the further economic development and prosperity of the given territory depend just on them. The paper aim is...
Multifactor productivity analysis in the sample of agricultural enterprises
Jaroslav Svoboda, Martina Novotná
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 395-402 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070395
The assessment of Total Factor Productivity (TFP), i.e. inclusion of all factors of production seems to be an easy task. However, its calculation can meet with some difficulties. The calculation of inputs is complicated as different factors of production, which are processes to outputs, has to be transformed to a common factor. The aim of the paper was to analyse relations of efficiency of factors of production measured by factor productivity based on economic profit and returns (profitability) of enterprise measured by the most synthetic profitability indicator (Return on Assets, ROA). A partial aim was to consider risk analysed through ratio of cost...
Lease revenue reporting on the side of lessor in connection with transfer of right to use assets (RTU) to lessee
Patrik Svoboda
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 403-414 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070403
The paper analyzed some of the approaches whose application is eligible for the recording of lease contracts on the side of lessor so that this recording display as closely as possible the essence of the lease relationship and at the same time it would be symmetrical to the way of recording on the side of lessee resulting not from value of transferred physical assets but from the evaluated right to use this asset. Impacts of individual variants of approaches into the income statement and statement of financial position are analyzed. It turns out that apparently it is not possible to apply only one approach (as it is in the case of lessee), without...
Relationship between government spending and economic growth in the Czech Republic
Irena Szarowská
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 415-422 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070415
This article aims to provide direct empirical evidence on business cycle relations between government spending and economic growth in the Czech Republic. Government spending plays an important role in a fiscal policy as a possible automatic stabilizer. We analyzed annual data on government spending in compliance with the COFOG international standard. We use cross-correlation on cyclically filtered adjusted time series over the period 1995-2008. The cyclical properties of GDP and government spending function were, in average, found as weakly correlated. However, we report considerable differences in correlations across the spending functions. The lowest...
Entrepreneurship within health care - a dilemma of identity and profession
Jarmila Šebestová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 423-430 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070423
This paper focuses on specific area of entrepreneurship - health care services. Insufficient commercial business knowledge by the managers of SME health care businesses and a lack of entrepreneurial skills relative to the medical care industry could also be considered barriers to growth or barriers to survival within a crisis environment. An analysis of the strategic elasticity of small a health care organisation could help find an answer to the question of how this specialised business segment, with its multi-faceted sources of finance, might deal with challenges from the external environment and what mixture of strategies might they use to achieve...
Partial equilibrium model - Case study of the poultry market
Lenka Šobrová, M. Malý, Z. Malá
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 431-438 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070431
This paper deals with identifying the main determinants in the poultry agri-food chain in the Czech Republic and examines their relationships. The partial equilibrium model, defined as a seven-equation model in power form, is employed for this purpose. The analysis is based on both time-series and panel data of the main factors in the poultry market. The time-series as well as panel data contain annual data of selected variables for the period from 1995 to 2009. The analysis is focused on supply and demand of poultry meat, specifically on production, consumption and foreign trade in poultry meat in the Czech Republic. Firstly, the main factors influencing...
Suppliers in the wine sector
Radka Šperková, Helena Hejmalová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 439-446 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070439
Suppliers are an important part of business because they supply the company with sources for production. If a company relies solely on one supplier, it may interrupt the flow of production due to failure to deliver material. Suppliers can demonstrate its strength mainly by increasing prices or reducing the quality of supplied materials. In the wine sector, there are the following major groups of suppliers: feedstock suppliers (wine grapes), suppliers of chemical additives and other substances necessary for the production of wine, suppliers of manufacturing technology, suppliers of packaging materials, energy suppliers and other vendors.Highest...
Barriers to development of the innovation potential in the small and medium-sized enterprises
Jakub Tabas, Michaela Beranová, Jan Vavřina
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 447-458 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070447
It is a common fact, that innovations are the necessary prerequisite of economic development. With regard to the gradual globalization of the world economy, it is obvious that the strategic objectives of every country are directed to own economic wealth which is lead especially by the small and medium-sized enterprises. Due to the fact that these business entities are creating the most of economic growth of every country, the necessity of research, support and development of their innovation potential is obvious. The last and also the least that one could starve for is the building up the barriers to innovativeness of domestic companies, and to decrease...
Cost indicators of common facilities of land consolidation
Alena Tichá, Jana Podhrázská
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 459-468 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070459
Land consolidation can be defined as the spatial and functional arrangement of lands. By the process of land consolidation the ownership rights to land are settled and conditions for the rational management of land owners are created. The plan of common facilities is an important part of the land consolidation project. It is a set of measures creating conditions for access to lands (traffic network) and conditions for improvement of the environment (land resources conservation and development, water management, enhancement of landscape ecological stability). The costs of land consolidation are covered mainly by public resources.Considerable investment...
Vectorised Spreading Activation algorithm for centrality measurement
Alexander Troussov, František Dařena, Jan Žižka, Denis Parra, Peter Brusilovsky
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 469-476 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070469
Spreading Activation is a family of graph-based algorithms widely used in areas such as information retrieval, epidemic models, and recommender systems. In this paper we introduce a novel Spreading Activation (SA) method that we call Vectorised Spreading Activation (VSA). VSA algorithms, like "traditional" SA algorithms, iteratively propagate the activation from the initially activated set of nodes to the other nodes in a network through outward links. The level of the node's activation could be used as a centrality measurement in accordance with dynamic model-based view of centrality that focuses on the outcomes for nodes in a network where something...
The Czech labour market after the crisis of a real economy: negative development or return to steady-state?
Pavel Tuleja, Michal Tvrdoň
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 477-488 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070477
This paper studies the Czech economy before, during and after the economic crisis. Consequences on the labour market, respectively on unemployment are also discussed in the paper. According to most economists the cause of the economic crisis was the financial crisis which was triggered by a liquidity shortfall in the United States banking system. It has resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, the "bail out" of banks by national governments and downturns in stock markets around the world. Real gross domestic product decreased in almost all EU countries including the Czech economy. Massive drop of gross domestic product led to increase...
Impact of reference groups on the teenagers' buying process of clothing in the Czech Republic
Jana Turčínková, Jiří Moisidis
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 489-496 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070489
The main objective of our research was to suggest recommendations for Czech producers of clothing for brand building and marketing communication strategies with Czech consumers in age group 13 to 19 years, therefore, our goal was to analyze consumer behavior of Czech youth when buying and using clothing and to analyze factors influencing their behavior, with the emphasis on reference groups and these results are presented in this paper. The target group (consumers 13-19 years old) was selected because it's often been neglected in recent marketing researches. The research consisted of primarily qualitative research (n = 96) in the form of in-depth interviews...
Development of agricultural producers' groups in the Czech Republic with focus on commodity area fruit and vegetables
Jan Vavřina, Dana Martinovičová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 497-506 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070497
Groups of agricultural producers had been established in the former Czechoslovakia already in 1930s and with the transition to a market economy it is again relevant to think about the renewal of some type of economic partnership among agricultural producers. The need to establish a group of agricultural producers may occur in the broader context of increasing dynamics within current competitive forces' models with regard to even relatively less dynamic sector of agriculture. Further development of this kind of economic partnership among agricultural producers in the Czech Republic is eligible for support via public subsidies, namely by Common Agricultural...
Czech trade integration over the last two decades
Libor Žídek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 507-518 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070507
Development of international trade is (in our view) one of the greatest achievements of the transformation process in Eastern Europe. In the paper we illustrate this achievement by the example of the Czech Republic. We conclude that the economy has enormously changed from closed one with backward production and orientation towards the Eastern markets to one that is among the most open economies in the world, with nearly entire orientation towards the developed markets and with relatively advanced production. This development was partly a result of quick (and in our view brave) liberalization at the beginning of the transformation process. At the same...
Historical development of derivatives' underlying assets
Sylvie Riederová, Kamila Růžičková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 521-526 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070521
The derivative transactions are able to eliminate the unexpected risk arising from the price volatility of the asset. The need for risk elimination relates to the application of derivatives.This paper is focused on derivatives' underlying assets themselves. With the plain description, supported by progressive summarization, the authors analysed the relevant theoretical sources, dealt with derivatives, their underlying assets and their development in centuries. Starting in the ancient history, 2000 BC, the first non-standard transaction, very close to today's understanding of derivatives, becomes to be closed between counterparties. During the time,...
Intangible asset tax depreciation in the Czech Republic
Pavel Svirák, Karel Brychta
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 527-540 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070527
This paper aims to familiarize readers with the legislative development of intangible asset tax depreciation in the Czech Republic since 1993. The paper is divided into several basic chapters, of which the main chapter describes and analyzes the development of legislation in three thus-existing legal modes regulating intangible asset tax depreciation (the periods 1993-2000; 2001-2004; 2004-2011). A separate sub-chapter deals with each of these three modes, which fundamentally differ in the concept of determining tax depreciations. For better clarity, changes in the legislation in question are described using tables.Over the first mentioned mode,...
Private equity and venture capital: investment fund structures in the Czech Republic
Marek Zinecker
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(7), 541-552 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070541
A working private equity and venture capital market (PE/VC market) stimulates the business environment in a positive manner and impacts the level of economic growth of national economies. A study of the Austrian Private Equity and Venture Capital Organisation/AVCO (2004, p. 6) defines prerequisites for a correct operation of the PE/VC market. It views the legislative provision for suitable legal fund structures for PE/VC investments and their tax treatment as a key factor. In its publication, Private Equity & Venture Capital in the Czech Republic (2010, p. 14), the Czech Venture Capital Association/CVCA stresses that...