Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2010 (vol. 58), issue 1
Nový algoritmus pro stanovení tvaru biologických objektů s redukcí dat
New algorithm for biological objects' shape evaluation and data reduction
Stanislav Bartoň, Libor Severa, Jaroslav Buchar
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 13-20 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010013 
The paper presents the software procedure (using MAPLE 11) intended for considerable reduction of digital image data set to more easily treatable extent. The example with image of peach stone is presented. Peach stone, displayed on the digital photo, was represented as a polygon described by the coordinates of the pixels creating its perimeter. The photos taken in high resolution (and corresponding data sets) contain coordinates of thousands of pixels - polygon's vertexes. Presented approach substitutes this polygon by the new one, where smaller number of vertexes is used. The task is solved by use of adapted least squares method. The presented algorithm...
Struktura a hustota dřevinné vegetace dvou lesních oblastí narodního státu Amhara, Etiopie
Vegetation structure and density of woody plant species in two woodland areas of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
Mahtot Alemu Biresaw, J. Pavliš
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 21-32 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010021
This study was conducted in Jawi and East Belesa districts of the Amhara National Regional State in Ethiopia. It has an objective of describing the vegetation structure in relation to different environmental factors in general and Boswellia papyrifera, which is economically important species in particular. Vegetation data were collected in both sites (Mosebit and Hamusit) using plots of 50 m x 50 m (0.25 ha). In total 15 sample plots were set up. In each plot, all trees with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height), i.e. at 1.3 m above the ground were measured using caliper. In each major plot four subplots (4 m × 4 m) were established. Tree height measured...
CYKLICKÉ ZATĚŽOVÁNÍ ZINKOVANÝCH SOUČÁSTÍ
Dynamic loading of galvanized parts
Michal Černý, Josef Filípek, Pavel Mazal
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 33-42 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010033
This work is divided into two parts: the theoretical part includes actual knowledge and points of view about degradation processes in construction materials, anticorrosion protection, zinc coat composition and high frequency fatigue. The laboratory part follow-up existing regulations contents Czech standards and formulate specifications for acquisition of objective information from acceleration laboratory tests in condensation chests, mechanical high frequency fatigue tests on pulsator machine and possibilities of evaluation of fatigue tests. Laboratory findings declare to fundamental types of damage of constructions with anticorrosion protection in...
VLIV HUŠTĚNÍ PNEUMATIK NA PASIVNÍ ZTRÁTY TRAKTORU
Influence of tire inflation on passive resistance of a tractor
Jiří Čupera, Tomáš Šmerda
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 43-52 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010043
The paper deals with influence of inflation pressure on passive resistance of a tractor and tractor's set. The parameter of inflation pressure is significant part of passive loss and its size can influence the need for engine power in units of kilowatts. This implies increase in fuel consumption up to several liters per hour. According to demands of methodology field and laboratory measurements have been done. It was used flat section of a road for field testing. Realization of the road test is based on pulling of tested tractor or tractor's set where the needed force is monitored. In this case overall passive resistance of both axles is done. The...
ANALÝZA KONSTRUKČNÍCH SPOJŮ NÁBYTKOVÉHO VYBAVENÍ VILY TUGENDHAT
The construction joint analysis of the villa Tugendhat interior furnishing
Zdeněk Holouš, Milan Šimek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 53-60 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010053
The functionalist villa Tugendhat in Brno is a first monument of modern architecture in the Czech Republic. This monument was registered in 2001 to the list of World Cultural and Natural Heritage by UNESCO. Among the most experts this building is usually regarded as a greatest work of German architect and designer Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The complete renewal of this monument was initiated due to unsatisfactory technical condition and because of the higher operational requirements. In this work we deal with the technical analysis of the villa Tugendhat interior furnishing, or more precisely with the structural analysis of its furniture joints. The...
Analýza tvarové stálosti vodovzdorných překližek
Analysis of the shape stability of water-resistant plywoods
Jaroslav Hrázský, Pavel Král
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 61-70 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010061
The paper analyses causes of disorders of the shape stability of water-resistant plywoods produced by an important producer in the CR. Deformations of plywoods are caused by many reasons, such as wood structure (the course of wood fibres), plywood construction (the construction balance as for size and material regularity), the moisture of processed veneers and boards, glue spread, actual pressing process, the storage and climatization of finished plywoods. Basic technological parameters affecting the shape stability of plywoods were analysed, such as parameters of the hydrothermic preparation of raw material, parameters of veneer drying and the moisture...
Složení kořenových exsudátů Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef et Deu
Composition of root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef et Deu
Ladislav Hromádko, Valerie Vranová, Didier Techer, Philippe Laval-Gilly, Klement Rejšek, Pavel Formánek, Jairö Falla
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 71-76 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010071
Rate of root exudation and identification of selected compounds in root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus in the autumnal period of growth was performed. Total organic carbon of root exudates was formed from 7.8 % by carbohydrates and from 1.5 % by proteins. Aspartic acid, arginine, alanine and glutamic acid were exuded with the highest rate of all amino acids. This work brings new basic knowledge which can be used for phytoremediations.
Způsoby filtrace dat a jejich vliv na výsledný obraz kmene při elektronickém snímání jeho rozměrů
Methods of data filtration and their effects on the resulting image of a log at the electronic sensing its dimensions
Veronika Hunková, Karel Janák
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 77-86 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010077
The data taken at the electronic reception of logs are tasked with mistaken values and do not correspond to the real shape of a stem. The aim of the data filtration is to remove the incorrect data and replace them by the ones, closer to the real values.The goal of presented work was to analyse the effect of different filtration methods on original data and to recommend the methods, which results correspond to the real shape of the logs with their defects on a surface as close as possible.Methods of filtration are based on simple mathematical and statistical procedures, which are subsequently variously combined, because the simplest comparative...
Vliv doplňkového ruminálně chráněného lysinu, methioninu nebo obou do krmné dávky laktujících dojnic na skladbu mastných kyselin mléka
Effect of supplemental rumen-protected lysine, methionine or both added to diet of lactating dairy cows on milk fatty acids profile
Ludmila Křížová, Jiří Třináctý, Jarmila Svobodová, Michal Richter, Vladimír Černý, Alena Jarošová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 87-94 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010087
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental lysine (Lys), methionine (Met) or both added to diet of dairy cows in the form of rumen-protected (RP) tablets on changes in milk fatty acids (FA) profile. The trial was carried out on four lactating Holstein cows in the form of Latin square design and was divided into 4 periods of 14 d (10-d preliminary period and a 4-d experimental period). The four treatments were as follows: C - control without amino acids (AA) supplementation, L - supplement of RP Lys, M - supplement of RP Met and ML - supplement of RP Met and Lys. Cows were fed on a diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay...
OBSAH VITAMINU C U VYBRANÝCH ZELENIN VE VZTAHU K ODRŮDĚ, PĚSTEBNÍ LOKALITĚ, ROKU A SKLADOVÁNÍ
Ascorbic acid contents in selected vegetables in relation to variety, growing site, year and storage
Jana Matějková, Kristína Petříková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 95-100 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010095
This work give results from analyses of variety, growing site, year and storage influence on the ascorbic acid content by selected vegetables: carrot (Daucus carota L.), parsley (Petroselinum crispum Nyman ex A. W. Hill), onion (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.) and leek (Allium porrum L.). The evaluation carried on during the years 2004 to 2006.The variety influence on ascorbic acid was statistically significant by carrot, parsley root and also parsley leaves and by garlic. In carrots had late varieties Olympia and Tinga significant higher vitamin C content (more than over 60 %) compared to early to...
Indukce polyploidie u Phlox paniculata L. v in vitro podmínkách
Polyploidy induction in Phlox paniculata L. under in vitro conditions
Pavel Matiska, Hana Vejsadová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 101-106 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010101
The objective of this work was to find an effective method of polyploidy induction using chemomutagens, colchicine and oryzalin, in diploid cultivar of Phlox paniculata 'Fujiyama' (syn. Mt. Fuji, Fuji). Ploidy level was determined by the flow cytometry method (FCM). Two methods of treating the explants (in vitro regenerated shoots) were tested; chemomutagen infiltration from nutrient media ("the infiltration method") and dipping of the explants in a chemical mutagen solution ("the dip method"). The highest values of tetraploid (5%), mixoploid (1.67%) frequency and polyploidization efficiency (1.25) were found in explants treated with...
VLIV MIKROVLNNÉ PLASTIFIKACE, PLOŠNÉHO SLISOVÁNÍ A VYSOKOTEPLOTNÍ ÚPRAVY NA ROVNOVÁŽNOU VLHKOST A SESÝCHÁNÍ DŘEVA SMRKU ZTEPILÉHO (Picea abies (L.) KARST.)
Influence of microwave plasticization, areal compression and high-temperature treatment on equilibrum moisture content and shrinkage of Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)
Lukáš Merenda, Andrea Nasswettrová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 107-114 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010107
The wood is heterogenous material compound from substance of cell walls and air. It is colloidal capillary-cellular material with ortogonal anisotropy (Babiak, 1976). The wood has possibility to bound liquids and gases into the structure. Due to this the wood is hygroskopic material leads to changes in dimensions and volume of wood generating at adsorption and desorption of water molecules into the wood. The dimentional changes evoked by changes in moisture content (bounded water) during shrinkage and sweeling have the biggest importance. Shrinkage is making the linear dimensions, area and volume shorter and smaller (Požgaj a kol., 1997). Hygroscopicity...
METEOROLOGICKÉ PODMÍNKY V DOBĚ VÝSKYTU EXTRÉMNÍ VĚTRNÉ EROZE NA TĚŽKÝCH PŮDÁCH
Meteorological conditions during extreme wind erosion events on heavy soils
Bronislava Mužíková, Tomáš Středa, Jana Podhrázská, František Toman
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 115-122 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010115
Wind erosion in the Czech Republic conditions poses relatively a lot of danger, especially for the most fertile areas, where agricultural land is more vulnerable due to the large pieces of land and inappropriate crop rotation. This process causes damage to agriculture by loss of topsoil, fertilizers, seeds and crop damage as well as sedimentation in water recipients and on roads. It also has negative impacts on human health (airborne dust). Wind erosion is especially affected by climatic elements (wind, temperature, precipitation and evaporation etc.) and soil characteristics (soil type, content of erodible particles, soil moisture). Wind erosion affects...
Změny zastoupení bílkovinných frakcí v pšeničné mouce za přídavku odlišných kombinací oxidačních a redukčních činidel
Changes of protein fractions in wheat flour caused by additives
Pavlína Pečivová, Iva Burešová, Jan Hrabě
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 123-130 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010123
The influence of different combinations of reducing and oxidising agents (L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate + L-ascorbic acid, inactivated dry yeast + L-ascorbic acid, L-threonine + L-ascorbic acid, L-tryptophan + L-ascorbic acid) on the change in the proportion of glutenins, gliadins, albumins, globulins in wheat flour was investigated.Different concentrations of amino acid combinations were added to wheat flour. By means of Size Exclusion High performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC), the changes in protein fractions caused by individual concentrations of amino acid combinations were evaluated against the control sample (pure wheat flour).It...
Vliv vodního stresu na vybrané fyziologické charakteristiky rajčat
Effect of water stress on selected physiological characteristics of tomatoes
Robert Pokluda, Kristína Petříková, Mohamed Ewis Abdelaziz, Aleš Jezdinský
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 131-138 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010131
This work presents the results of a field experiment with tomato cv. Proton grown under water stress conditions and under well irrigated conditions. At the same time, the effects of Pentakeep supporting agent (consisting of aminolevulinic acid) was studied. The following characteristics of plant physiology were studied - specific leaf area (SLA), leaf water content (LWC) and leaf proline concentration.The obtained results show a significant decrease in SLA during plant vegetation (from 190 to 165 cm-2.g-1). A decrease was also found under water stress treatment (163 cm-2.g-1), in contrast to the well...
Charakteristika huminových kyselin pomocí EDXS a 13C NMR spektroskopie
Humic acids characterization by EDXS and 13C NMR spectroscopy
Ľubica Pospíšilová, Naděžda Fasurová, Tibor Liptaj, Lubomír Jurica
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 139-146 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010139
Determination of humic acids spectral characteristics performed fast and convenient method for their quality evaluation. Humic acids (HA) were isolated from five different soil types (Luvi-haplic Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, Haplic Cambisol, Leptic Cambisol and Eutric Cambisol) and from compost. Basic soil characteristics were determined by commonly used methods. Fractional compositon of humus showed that humic acids content was decreasing in order: compost > Luvi-haplic Chernozem > Haplic Luvisol > Eutric Cambisol > Haplic Cambisol > Leptic Cambisol. Isolated humic acids preparations were characterized comparatively by chemical and spectroscopic...
Multiplikácia Acer davidii ssp. grosseri (Pax) De Jong v podmienkach in vitro
Multiplication of Acer davidii ssp. grosseri (Pax) De Jong under in vitro conditions
Marcel Raček, Helena Lichtnerová, Marta Dragúňová, Alena Gajdošová, Anna Jakábová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 147-152 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010147
Experimental works were focused on creation of optimal protocol for Acer davidii ssp. grosseri shoots multiplication. As the basic medium we used MS (Murashige α Skoog) culture medium enriched by cytokinins TDZ (Thidiazuron) and BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) in different concentrations. There were used single nodal segments from four years old mother plants in experiments. Experiments were established in the middle of June in the phase of rapid growth of shoots. Cultivation conditions were: 21°C, light intensity 40 μmol.m-2.s-1, period of light 16 hours during the day. The reactions of explants were evaluated...
Konečně-prvkový model bambusového článku (Phyllostachys sp.) a jeho srovnání s experimentem na dvou mechanických zkouškách
Finite element model of bamboo culm (Phyllostachys sp.) and its comparison to two experimental tests
Václav Sebera, Jan Tippner, Petr Horáček, Aleš Dejmal, Martin Beníček
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 153-160 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010153
The main goal of the work was to build up a general parametric finite-element model of a bamboo culm in ANSYS computational system. Subsequently the model was compared to a experimental measurements of chosen mechanical properties - three point bending test and brasil test. A parameter being compared was a force, which is necessary to exert to deform a sample on given strain. In this work two parametric models were created. First one is including dividing barrier - diaphragm. A mesh of the culm wall is mapped and is divided into three layers with different orthotropic material models in cylindrical coordinate system with respect to the culm axis. By...
Nová metoda stanovení mikromechanických vlastností vaječné skořápky
New approach of eggshell mechanical properties determination
Libor Severa, Jaroslav Buchar, Jiří Votava
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 161-166 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010161
The paper describes a new approach for determination of mechanical properties of hen's eggshell. The suitability and applicability of a Berkovich indentation is discussed. The eggshells were tested in the area surrounding equator line. The deformation modes active during indentation have been examinined from the shape of load-displacement curves. According to measured dependencies, the eggshel shown an viscous-elastic deformation.The values of Young's modulus E obtained from radial and tangential directions did not vary significantly. This fact shows on isotropic nature of eggshell structure. It was found that values of E do not significantly...
Reologický profil surové syrovátky
Rheological profile of raw whey
Libor Severa, Jaroslav Buchar, Šárka Nedomová, Květoslava Šustová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 167-174 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010167
The results of raw whey rheological behavior investigation - particularly viscosity, dependence on temperature, time, and share rate, are presented. The whey samples have been examined under temperature ranging from 17 to 90 °C and under share rate ranging from 0.34 to 68 s-1. The measurements have been performed using rotary digital viscometer (concentric cylinders geometry). The material was found to be temperature dependent (non-linearly), time dependent and shear thinning. Received data have been successfully characterized by several mathematical models (power, exponential, and polynomial) in MATLAB® software with satisfying correlations...
PROSTOROVÁ STRUKTURA POROSTU ZAKRSLÝCH KYSELÝCH BUČIN V PŘÍRODNÍ PAMÁTCE MÁCHOVA DOLINA
Spatial structure of forest stands Fageta paupera humilia in natural monument Máchova dolina
Jiří Schneider, Kateřina Rebrošová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 175-184 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010175
Natural Monument "Máchova dolina" represents a unique sample of dwarfed acidic beech forests in Chřiby hills (Buček, Lacina; 2002). It comprises more than 180 years old beech stand time, where according to certain characters (the basal part of deformation strain, frequent occurrence of damage) we can infer that, with the vegetation stool origin. As a result of adverse site conditions and the influence of origin to the emergence of the crop trees have a shape looks like an apple. Forest biocoenoses "Máchova dolina" is bounded to the board and limited site conditions ecosystem surface is less than 0.5 ha. As part of this unique site was established a...
STANOVENÍ VÝHŘEVNOSTI U ŠTĚPKY RÉVÍ Z VINIC
The determination of heating value by wood chips of waste cane
Jiří Souček, Patrik Burg
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 185-190 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010185
This work deals with determination of heating value by wood chips of waste cane of seven varieties of grape wine. The results show, that the highest values of heating power has variety Portugais Bleu (16,64 MJ.kg-1) and MOPR (16,39 MJ.kg-1). The wood chips from this varieties were at the same time with lowest values of all water volume (12,71 %-4,59 %). Opposite the lowest values of heating power were by varieties Saint Laurent (15,93 MJ.kg-1) and Petit Riesling (16,10 MJ.kg-1) with all water volume 49,09 % and 41,97 %. By the help of laboratory measurement, calculations and statistic evaluation of results...
Využití morfologických deskriptorů a DNA analýzy pro detekci duplicit v české kolekci genetických zdrojů papriky
The morphological description and DNA tools analysis: for detection of duplications in the Czech germplasm collection of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Helena Stavělíková, Pavel Hanáček, Tomáš Vyhnánek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 191-198 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010191
The pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is very popular annual vegetable either for fresh consume either as spice after drying and grinding. The fruit contains high amounts of vitamin C, provitamin A, E, P (citrin), B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin) and B3 (niacin). Crop Research Institute (CRI), Department of Vegetable and Special Crops, Olomouc, the Czech Republic is the holder of the collection of pepper genetic resources. The collection of pepper consists of 504 accessions, currently. It is necessary to find duplications within collection for effective work with genetics resources. For analyses totally 41 accessions...
KOMBINOVANÉ ZATĚŽOVÁNÍ TRAKTOROVÉHO MOTORU
Combined loading of tractor's engine
Tomáš Šmerda, Jiří Čupera
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 199-206 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010199
The paper deals with influence of combined load of engine on drawbar properties of a tractor. The aim was focused on determination of power consumed via PTO and the impact on drawbar pull. During the development of the tractor is assumed that certain work will transfer operations from 60 to 60% over the PTO. Combined loading of engine power significantly reduces driving force as well as drawbar pull. In general, any change in power distribution will affect power balance and overall efficiency. Nevertheless, decreasing of drawbar force enables higher efficiency due to lower resistance in transmission to PTO. Previous researches have shown that the overall...
VÝVOJ ALGORITMU SEGMENTACE OBRAZU NA BÁZI RŮSTU OBLASTÍ PRO PROSTŘEDÍ GIS GRASS
Development of segmentation algorithm based region growing for software GIS GRASS
Aleš Tippner
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 207-216 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010207
Image segmentation is fundamental prerequisite for new satellite images interpretation methods. GIS GRASS provides segmentation tools enabling global image segmentation only. We designed procedure enabling local segmentation using existing GRASS tools and segmentation algorithm based on region growing that we developed with C++. This algorithm applies mathematical morphology operators to output segments, too. Principial aim of the project is creation of useful input for differentiation of base land cover classes in panchromatic high-resolution satellite image (or historical aerial photographs for example).
Obsah kyseliny fytové ve vybraných druzích luštěnin
Content of phytic acid in selected sorts of legumes
Petra Vojtíšková, Stanislav Kráčmar, Ignác Hoza
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 217-222 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010217
The aim of this study was to determine the content of phytic acid (phytate) in soybeans (Glycine max), yellow shelled peas (Pisum sativum) and lentil (Lens esculenta). Dry seeds were grounded to a fine powder. The moisture of samples was determined according to the Official Journal of the European Union (2009). The moisture of the samples was 8.42% in soybeans, 11.19% in yellow shelled peas and 10.07% in lentil. The content of phytic acid was determined by the modified Holt's method (1955) using the spectrophotometer. Standard curve was measured using the Na phytate standard solution (0.2 mM). The phytate content in G. max...