Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2011 (vol. 59), issue 6
Autumn terms of sowing of turf grasses and legumes and their initial development
Josef Ambruz, Stanislav Hejduk
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 9-16 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060009 
The most frequent way to establish turfgrass in the climatic conditions of the Czech Republic is sowing during spring period. The seedlings are endangered by lack of soil moisture and by high temperatures if irrigation is no available. One of the possibilities how to increase probability of successful turfgrass establishment in warm areas which suffer by low amount of precipitation is autumn term of sowing.Eight grass species and subspecies and two legumes were sown in three autumn terms (September, October and November) during 2009 and 2010. The shortest time for seedling emergence was found in average of all terms at Medicago lupulina...
The effect of inorganic and organic form of zinc on digestibility of nutrients in dairy cows in three stages of reproductive cycle
Marie Balabánová, Šárka Hošková, Ladislav Zeman
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 17-24 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060017
The aim of our experiment was to compare the effect of feeding inorganic and organic forms of zinc in premix on the coefficient of digestibility of nutrients in the feeding ration for cows in three stages of reproductive cycle - 14 d before calving and 30 and 60 d after calving. The experiment was carried out on 19 Holstein cows that were divided into two groups. A control group of nine cows designated as "Inorganic zinc form" (IZF) was fed a diet supplemented with mineral premix containing inorganic form of zinc (ZnO). An experimental group of ten cows designated as "Organic zinc form" (OZF) had zinc oxide replaced with zinc fixed to methionine (Khei-chelate...
Water stability of soil aggregates in different systems of Chernozem tillage
Jaroslava Bartlová, Barbora Badalíková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 25-30 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060025
Effects of various agrotechnical measures on macrostructural changes in the ploughing layer and subsoil were studied within the period of 2008-2010. Soil macrostructure was evaluated on the base of water stability of soil aggregates. Altogether three variants of soil tillage were established, viz. ploughing to the depth of 0.22 m (Variant 1), deep soil loosening to the depth of 0.35-0.40 m (Variant 2), and shallow tillage to the depth of 0.15 m (Variant 3). Experiments were established on a field with Modal Chernozem in the locality Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (maize-growing region, altitude of 210 m, average annual sum of precipitation 461 mm). In the...
Evaluation of vegetative phenological stages in a spruce monoculture depending on parameters of the environment
Emilie Bednářová, Lucie Merklová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 31-36 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060031
Vegetative phenological stages were evaluated in a spruce monoculture of the third age class in the region of the Drahanská vrchovina Upland. Methods of the ČHMÚ (Czech Hydro-Meteorological Office) were used. Temperature requirements of Norway spruce for the onset of particular phenological stages were evaluated on the basis of sums of air effective temperatures higher than 5 °C and at soil temperatures, values exceeding 1 °C were taken into account. In the paper, years 2005 to 2007 were evaluated. Results obtained were compared with long-term monitoring for the period 1991-2004. The onset and duration of phenological stages differed in particular...
Effect of bulls' breed, age and body condition score on quantitative and qualitative traits of their semen
Jan Beran, Luděk Stádník, Jaromír Ducháček, Renata Toušová, František Louda, Ladislav Štolc
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 37-44 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060037
The objectives of this study were to determine and evaluate effect of breed, age and body condition score (BCS) on qualitative and quantitative parameters of bull's ejaculate. In total, 16 Holstein (H) and 15 Czech Fleckvieh (F) bulls were collected in September 2009 and May 2010. Volume of semen samples, sperm concentration and percentage of motile spermatozoa were evaluated immediately after collecting. Sperm motility was also evaluated after diluting and freezing/thawing of AI doses and subsequently during the short-term test of sperm survival. Percentages of live and pathologic sperm before diluting also were evaluated. The data set was analyzed...
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a thermal hygienization reactor
Daniel Borski
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 45-52 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060045
For reasons of limiting the spread of serious transmissible diseases, with regard to the requirement for reducing landfill of biodegradable waste (which may or contains animal by-products and thus presents a potential risk to human and animal health) and with a focus on supporting its separate collection, there has been created a legal framework for processing and hygienization of materials containing animal by-products. For the above reasons new technologies are being developed and implemented. These technologies are able to ensure the processing of biological waste containing animal by-products. As a practical result of the effort to ensure the hygienization...
The influence intenzity of eutrophication on fishpond yield
Tomáš Brabec, Lucie Straková, Radovan Kopp, Tomáš Vítek, Jan Šťastný, Petr Spurný, Jan Mareš
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 53-62 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060053
Fish ponds have been always built for purpose of fish farming and some additional functions. We evaluated fish farming operation (in years 1990-2007) on the Sykovec and Medlov pond in altitude 700 meters above sea level and Jaroslavický dolní pond in altitude 200 m. The samples for hydrochemical and hydrobiological analyses were taken regularly at monthly intervals in 2008. We chose some parameters as a total nitrogen (NT), total phosphor (PT), chlorophyll-a and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and structure of phytoplankton which has an impact on fish production. We compared our result with former research work from 1996-1997. Higher...
Mathematical descriptive characteristics of potato tubers' shape
Aneta Bubeníčková, Jana Simeonovová, Vojtěch Kumbár, Miroslav Jůzl, Šárka Nedomová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 63-68 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060063
Precise modeling of sorting, manipulation, and transport processes of potatoes are conditioned by exact knowledge of tubers shape geometrical characteristics. The paper presents and quantifies some mathematical descriptive characteristics of potatoes. Ten selected varieties of potato tubers were analyzed. The basic dimensions were used for calculation of geometric mean diameter and volume. The maximum/minimum values were in both cases found for the same variety, Karin and Vera respectively. Calculated sphericity ranged from 0.007732 to 0.009803 for Krasa and Marilyn. The contour profiles were calculated by use of descriptive...
Notes on distribution of Bombus cryptarum (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in Moravian territory (Czech Republic) and its laboratory rearing
Alena Bučánková, Olga Komzáková, Tereza Cholastová, Vladimír Ptáček
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 69-74 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060069
B. cryptarum and B. magnus are among the so-called cryptic species whose identification is very difficult due to high interspecific variability of their morphological characteristics. This greatly limits possibilities for studying their biology, bionomics and ecology. The aim of this research was to contribute to knowledge about distribution of B. cryptarum in Moravia (Czech Republic) and to verify the possibility of its laboratory rearing. During 2006-2009, 26 collections were performed at Moravian localities. Of the 17 specimens that were assigned to B. cryptarum or B. aff. cryptarum based on morphology,...
Evaluating of selected parameters of composting process by composting of grape pomace
Patrik Burg, Pavel Zemánek, Milan Michálek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 75-80 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060075
In Europe, there is annually available 8 million tons of grape pomace. From the viewpoint of waste management, pomace represents biotic waste produced in the FDM (Food-Drink-Milk) sector. Composting process represents an effective use of grape pomace. Introduced experiment deals with monitoring of the composting process of grape pomace provided by 2 different variants of different composition of composting piles. Obtained results indicate that dynamics of process is affected by the share of raw materials. According to the temperature curve characteristics, the temperature above 45 °C for at least 5 days was necessary for compost sanitation. Such temperature...
Effect of organic farming on selected raw cow milk components and properties
Ivana Cermanová, Oto Hanuš, Petr Roubal, Marcela Vyletělová, Václava Genčurová, Radoslava Jedelská, Jaroslav Kopecký, Alena Dolínková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 81-92 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060081
Organic dairying is an alternative for friendly exploitation of environment. This paper was focused on impacts of organic dairying on milk composition and properties. The conventional (C) cow milk was compared to organic (O) milk. Holstein bulk milk samples (BMSs) from winter and summer season in 4 C and 4 O (n = 32 and 32 BMSs; 2 years) herds were investigated. 6 herds were grazed and 2 C herds were not grazed. Mean O cow milk yield (MY, 305 lactation days) was 7037.3 ± 421.5 and C MY 7015.8 ± 1068.1 kg. Higher values (P < 0.05) in O milk had: log acetone (0.7321 > 0.6048); titration acidity (8.34 > 7.82 ml 0.25 mol.l-1...
Production effect of different commercial feeds on juvenile tench (Tinca tinca L.) under the intensive rearing conditions
Martina Cileček, Vít Baránek, Tomáš Vítek, Radovan Kopp, Jan Mareš
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 93-98 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060093
Feeding experiment with juvenile tench was focused on evaluation of production effect of three different commercial feeds with differentiated level energy and protein (Karpico Crumble Excellent Ex, Dan Ex 1352, Pro Aqua Brutfutter). In the 42-day experiment at 26 °C, commercial starters were fed intensively to tench of initially 18.92 mm mean total length and 69.41 mg individual mean body weight. Main monitored indices were - survival rate (%), individual body weight (mg) and specific weight growth rate (%.d-1). The best result was achieved with commercial starter Pro Aqua Brutfutter - mean individual body weight 483.38 mg, specific weight...
Influence of temperature and moisture conditions of locality on the yield formation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Ivan Černý, Alexandra Veverková, Marek Kovár, Vladimír Pačuta, Juliana Molnárová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 99-104 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060099
Field polyfactorial experiments were realized on fields of the Agricultural Co-operative in Nitrianska Blatnica in years 2007-2009. Experimental field is located in the maize production area (climatic region: warm; climatic sub region dry; climatic zone: warm, dry with mild winter and long sunshine) in altitude 250 m above sea level, with brown soil. We observed the influence of both temperature and moisture conditions of experimental area on sunflower yield of achenes (conventional, medium-late hybrids: NK Brio, NK Armoni). Preceding crop of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) every experimental year was wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Technological...
Potencials of sap flow evaluation by means of acoustic emission measurements
Michal Černý, Pavel Mazal, Jan Čermák, Libor Nohal
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 105-110 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060105
The work deals with measurement techniques of water conducting system in the trees. Water conducting system (including xylem and phloem) indicates its importance for related physiological processes. There are still problems how to measure its functioning (which variables and how), especially in the open field (e.g., forests and orchards) in order to get maximum information about it. Simple band dendrometers measuring seasonal dynamics of stem growth have been already applied for many years, being gradually replaced by their more sophisticated electronic versions most recently. The sap flow is a suitable variable, because it links roots and crowns and...
Design and verification of engine power calculation model using the data of a digital bus built into an agricultural tractor
Jiří Čupera, Pavel Sedlák
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 111-120 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060111
Engine power is a fundamental parameter for determining the utilization of an agricultural tractor. A wrong combination of a tractor and agricultural machinery leads to non-efficient loading of the engine, which causes not only a waste of energy stored in the fuel but also increased financial cost of production. The presented paper focuses on the possibility to calculate engine power from the data, which are available on the digital bus - CAN-BUS. Choosing the appropriate parameters together with the proposed model can help represent the instantaneous power needs. The messages, which provide the basic information about the load, are as follows: engine...
Dynamics of temperature normalized stem CO2 efflux in Norway spruce stand
Eva Dařenová, M. Pavelka, D. Janouš
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 121-126 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060121
Respiration of stems contributes approximately 8 to 13 % to the total respiration of forest ecosystem, which is not negligible, and it has to be included in carbon flux estimates. The aim of this study was to determine dynamics of stem CO2 efflux during the growing season in Norway spruce stand and factors affecting this efflux. Continuous measurements of stem CO2 efflux were carried out by an automated system during the growing season in 2006-2009. Further measured characteristics were stem temperature, stem increment and precipitations. Stem CO2 efflux was in tight relationship with changes in temperature with the...
Effect of measurement time of the day on the relationship between temperature and soil CO2 efflux
Eva Dařenová, M. Pavelka, D. Janouš
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 127-134 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060127
In this study we investigated effect of the time of the day when manual measurements of soil CO2 efflux are performed on estimates of seasonal sums of released carbon from the soil. We subsampled continuous measurement of soil CO2 efflux into six sets of data in accordance to the time of the day when the measurements were taken - 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h and 20 h. To estimate seasonal carbon flux from the soil we used continuously measured soil temperature and parameters R10 (soil CO2 efflux normalized for temperature of 10 °C) and Q10 (the proportional change in CO2 efflux caused by...
The changes of fatty acids composition in beef of charolaise bulls slaughtered at different weight
Radek Filipčík, Jan Šubrt, Aleš Dufek, Eliška Dračková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 135-140 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060135
The aim of this work was to evaluate a slaughter weight influence (500-580; 581-640; 641-700 kg) of Charolaise bulls on intramuscular fat content and fatty acid profile in musculus longissimus thoracis (MLT). The beef samples from 144 bulls were used to be evaluated. Statistically evidential (P < 0.05) differences in the intramuscular fat proportions (1.14 < 1.54 < 1.76%) in MLT samples were proved at all the weight categories of bulls. The highest average proportional ratio was determined in palmitic acid (C16:0), that ranged from 23.75% in bulls at 500-580 kg weight category to 24.79 % at 641-700 kg weight group. The lowest ratio...
Biomass productivity and water use relation in short rotation poplar coppice (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) in the conditions of Czech Moravian Highlands
Milan Fischer, Miroslav Trnka, Jiří Kučera, Martin Fajman, Zdeněk Žalud
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 141-152 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060141
The plantations of short rotation coppice (SRC) usually based on poplar or willow species are promising source of biomass for energy use. To contribute to decision-making process where to establish the plantations we evaluated the water consumption and its relation to biomass yields of poplar hybrid clone J-105 (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) in representative conditions for Czech-Moravian Highlands. Water availability is usually considered as one of the main constraints of profitable SRC culture and therefore we focused on analyzing of the linkage between the aboveground biomass increments and the total stand actual evapotranspiration (ETa)...
In vitro testing of defense reactions in zygotic and somatic embryos of Abies numidica
Jiří Hřib, Václav Adamec, Božena Vooková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 153-160 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060153
Defense of desiccated cotyledonary somatic embryos and mature zygotic embryos of Abies numidica was tested in vitro by dual cultures with tester, fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii. Both types of embryos expressed defense reactions manifested by inhibited growth of fungal tester towards the embryos. Mycelial growth was described by logistic sigmoid growth model with a single asymptote. Mutual comparisons of mycelial growth in presence of zygotic and somatic embryos showed significant differences in parameters of mycelium growth curves towards the embryos. Larger defense reactions were observed in zygotic embryos relative to somatic embryos...
Effect of average diurnal barn airspace temperatures on prediction of their development during the day
Gustav Chládek, Oto Hanuš, Daniel Falta
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 161-166 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060161
A year-round (i.e. 365 days) experiment was performed at the Mendel University Training Farm in Žabčice, Czech Republic (GPS 49°0'51.967"N and 16°36'14.614"E, the altitude 179 m) with the aim to quantify the effect of the variation of average diurnal barn airspace temperatures on prediction of their changes during the day. Barn airspace temperatures were monitored daily in one-hour intervals and the recorded values were used for calculations of average diurnal temperatures. These were classified into 7 categories (i.e. below 0 °C; 0.1 to 5 °C; 5.1 to 10 °C; 10.1 to 15 °C; 15.1 to 20 °C; 20.1 to 25 °C and above 25 °C). Regarding this classification...
Analysis of biogas transformation in experimental biogas plant
Eva Jelínková, Bořivoj Groda
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 167-174 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060167
The topic of this paper is the analysis of anaerobic fermentation in an experimental biogas plant. Technological processes and operation parameters were monitored; these processes and parameters include, for example, the optimal structure of the input material and the consideration of the prolonging of the duration of the fermentation process. The goal of prolonging the fermentation process is to obtain higher biogas (and methane) production and to decrease the fermentation residue effluvial emissions. Emphasis is also laid on the mutual co-fermentation of substrates with regard to further use of the results in solving technological problems in other...
The effect of the English Thoroughbred on the sport performance of horses in the Czech Republic
Iva Jiskrová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 175-180 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060175
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the importance of the English Thoroughbred in sport horse breeding in the Czech Republic. Basic data were taken from the survey of sport horses in the Czech Republic in the years 2005-2008 which contains sport competition results of horses. The sport performance is expressed by the PPB value. We used the GLM method for statistical elaboration. Using the method of multiple comparisons by Tukey-B we defined the differences between the breeds, gender, age, sport seasons and the number of starts in competitions. Statistically highly significant effect was discovered of all the studied effects on the jumping...
Assessment of ranges plasma indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared under conditions of intensive aquaculture
Radovan Kopp, Jan Mareš, Štěpán Lang, Tomáš Brabec, Andrea Ziková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 181-188 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060181
Plasma parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from three various trout farms in the Czech Republic were assessed using automated blood plasma analyser. Non-haemolysed serum from the heart of 48 healthy, randomly selected fish (standard length, mean ± SD = 247.3 ± 24.2 mm; body mass, mean ± SD = 262.18 ± 87.28 g) was analysed for the following plasma parameters: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, total protein, cholinesterase, amylase, glucose, lactate, albumin, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipase, Ca,...
Experiences with preventive procedures application in the process of beer production in Czech Republic
Jana Kotovicová, František Toman, Magdalena Vaverková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 189-198 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060189
Food-processing industry is an intriguing field regarding prevention procedures application. All food-processing operations have common fundamental spheres of problems - wastewater polluted by organic substances, solid waste of biological origin and losses during source material processing. Beer production process is a representative of food-processing sphere. The brewing industry has an ancient tradition and is still a dynamic sector open to new developments in technology and scientific progress. A case study of beer production in Czech Republic has been performed. During the work on the project, there were utilized methodical procedures of Cleaner...
Wind erosion on heavy-textured soils: calculation and mapping
Jana Kozlovsky Dufková, Jana Podhrázská
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 199-208 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060199
The equation that expresses the influence of factors affecting soil aggregates breakdown, and thus wind erosion, originated from the results of laboratory simulations of soil aggregates breakdown due to low temperatures treatment, field measurements of air temperature and soil moisture, and statistical evaluation of gained outcomes. All the analyses, whether field or laboratory, were realized on three different soils from three different localities of the Bílé Karpaty Mountains foothills - Ostrožská Nová Ves, Blatnice pod Svatým Antonínkem, and Suchá Loz. The statistically significant factors, influencing the soil aggregates breakdown, were determined...
Perennial border reconstruction in the castle park in Lednice
Tatiana Kuťková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 209-216 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060209
The objective of the project was to make the design documentation for the reconstruction of the perennial border in the castle park in Lednice. The castle park is a part of Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape, which was inscribed in the World Heritage List of UNESCO for its unique value in 1996. The landscape architect of the original project was Markéta Roder-Müller (1898-1981). The result of this project is documenting the flower bed development in time and analysis of design basics, principles and approaches of Müller's work. The design documentation for perennial border renewal was made with Müller's landscape design style in mind and time schedule...
Allometric relationships for the estimation of dry mass of aboveground organs in young highland Norway spruce stand
Irena Marková, Radek Pokorný
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 217-224 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060217
This study falls into site-specific studies (here in the Drahanská vrchovina Highland) focusing on the determination of allometric relationships between the stem dendrometric and biomass parameters in young Norway spruce stands. The total aboveground biomass (TB) of a sampled tree with 14.9 m in height and 15.5 cm in stem diameter at 1.3 m (DBH) averaged to 110.3 kg. The stem biomass participated on average by 54 %, branch biomass by 24 % and needle biomass by 22 % on the TB of the sampled spruce tree. TB of the tree and the biomass of individual aboveground tree organs were predicted with the highest accuracy (over 91 %) from DBH or a stem diameter...
Evaluation of the infiltration capacity of soil in a winter wheat stand during the growing season 2010
Tomáš Mašíček, František Toman, Martina Vičanová, Věra Hubačíková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 225-234 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060225
The aim of the presented paper was to map the course of infiltration during the growing season of 2010 in a winter wheat stand on a selected locality in the Sazomín cadastral area on the basis of selected hydro-physical properties of soil (specific weight, reduced volume weight, actual soil moisture, absorptivity, retention water capacity, porosity, capillary, semi-capillary and non-capillary pores and aeration) evaluated from the analyses of undisturbed soil samples. In order to assess the infiltration capacity of soil at the U Jasana locality in the season April-October, four surveys were realized always with three measurements within each of the...
Evaluation of one year of operation of the biogas plant in Suchohrdly u Miroslavi
Adam Moravec, T. Vítěz, M. Havlíček
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 235-238 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060235
The manner of designing biogas plants is eagerly described by each and every seller or supplier of the respective technology. Numerous feasibility studies comprising forecasts of future operation featuring different quality levels have been written. However, it is rarely possible to obtain information comparing the anticipated future numbers and real values. Nevertheless, an evaluation of past operation of BGP is of utmost importance for calibration of the calculation methods used for designing of future BGPs. Information obtained on the basis of an evaluation is also useful for the purpose of verification of correct functionality of the equipment...
Analysis of biogas production from grass silage, depending on its quality
Martin Mrůzek, Bořivoj Groda
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 239-246 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060239
This article (work) gives information about production of methane from 11 samples of grass silage. Production was studied in two following levels:* specific methane production per 1 kg of organic total solids,* specific methane production per 1 kg of fresh material.These grass silage samples were at the same time analyzed from the point of view of feeding properties and quality: protein, digestible protein, fiber, acid-detergent fiber (ADF), neutral- detergent fiber (NDF), BNVL, lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, starch values, metabolizable energy, total energy, net energy lactation, net energy for fattening, pH, acidity of the water...
Static analysis of an office desk construction
Milan Novotný, Radek Neugebauer, Milan Šimek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 247-254 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060247
The objective of the paper is a static analysis of a desk construction and the determination of its probable mechanical behaviour using Finite Element Method. The construction was modelled and numerically analysed in Autocad Inventor 2011 and the stability of the entire desk was calculated with the size and placement of the loading force based on the standards and cited literature. Possible locations and directions of the deformation were analysed and a solution for its prevention was proposed and the stability of the desk as well as the extreme position of the stand were calculated. The verification of the obtained results in an accredited furniture...
The effect of pectin from apple and arabic gum from acacia tree on quality of wheat flour dough
Pavlína Pečivová, Kateřina Juříková, Iva Burešová, Monika Černá, Jan Hrabě
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 255-264 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060255
The influence of hydrocolloids on the qualitative properties of wheat flour dough was monitored by farinograph. The addition of arabic gum from acacia tree to the dough decreased water absorption and the degree of softening but the development time of the dough increased. The improvement in quality of the doughs occurred only after the addition of 15.0 g.kg-1. The addition of pectin from apple increased water absorption of the dough. Dough stability was increasing until the addition of 5.0 g.kg-1 but then it decreased. The degrees of softening were decreasing until the addition of 5.0 g.kg-1 but then they increased....
Methodology for the establishment of physical and geometric properties of a drainage basin
Petr Pelikán, Miloslav Šlezingr
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 265-270 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060265
Factors which affect runoff are closely related to properties of the basin from which the water flows and its environment. They have an effect not only on the size of the runoff but also its origination and mainly its temporal distribution. These factors can be divided into two main groups. The first group contains climatic factors, which are besides precipitation meteorological quantities affecting the overall evaporation of water in the drainage basin. These include the actual temporal and spatial progress of a rainfall, the moisture of air, evaporation, air temperature, the velocity and direction of wind, atmospheric pressure, etc. The other group...
Effect of barn airspace temperature on composition and technological parameters of bulk milk produced by dairy cows of Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein breeds
Ondřej Polák, Daniel Falta, Oto Hanuš, Gustav Chládek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 271-280 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060271
On two farms (A and B), samples of bulk milk produced by dairy cows of the Holstein (H) and Czech Fleckvieh (CF) breeds were collected every week on the same day within the time interval of 36 weeks. The aim of this sampling was to determine the effect of barn airspace temperature on milk compositon and its technological parameters. The following average values of all bulk milk samples (n = 72) were recorded: barn airspace temperature (BAT) 12.08 °C; rennet coagulation time (RCT) 211 sec.; curd quality class (CQC) 1.53; titratable acidity (TA) 7.16 °SH; protein content (P) 3.46 %; fat content (F) 4.09 %; lactose content (L) 4.79 %; and solids non fat...
Growth of sterlet Acipenser ruthenus under experimental and farm conditions of the Czech Republic, with remarks on other sturgeons
Miroslav Prokeš, Vlastimil Baruš, Jan Mareš, Milan Peňáz, Vít Baránek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 281-290 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060281
Growth rate of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) juveniles and adults was studied and compared with other sturgeon species under experimental and farm conditions in the Czech Republic. During the juvenile development (0+ to 5+) the specific growth rate (SGR) decreased successively from 17.67 to 0.05 %.d-1. During the adult period of development (6+ to 13+), the SGR fluctuated from 0.0191 to 0.0562, mean = 0.0410 %.d-1. In addition, body weight condition and length-weight relationship are presented. The adult period commenced at average age from 4 to 5 years. At the end of subsequent 13 years of life (1st-13th), following values...
Changes in the composition of the bee populations of the Mohelno Serpentine Steppe after 70 years (Hymenoptera: Apiformes)
Antonín Přidal, Pavel Veselý
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 291-312 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060291
Mohelno serpentine steppe (Mohelenská hadcová step) is a unique natural habitat of European importance. Since its last apidologic proper survey passed about 70 years. The objective of this work was to summarize the results of the apidological survey performed in the national nature reserve Mohelno Serpentine Steppe in a period of 2010-2011, characterize current changes in the composition of bee populations and propose recommendations for the management of this nature reserve.The survey was performed within 20 days and includes a total of 91 hours of observations in the field with exact records of survey localization and weather. A total of 2705...
In vitro inhibition activity of the spice mix used in the "paprikáš" sausages
Pavla Sládková, Eva Rejchrtová, Tomáš Komprda, Doubravka Rožnovská
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 313-316 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060313
The aim of this work was to test in vitro the ability of the components in the spice mix usually used for the production of the "paprikáš" sausage (P) to inhibit the growth of tyramine and histamine forming microorganisms. The ability of the P spice mix components to inhibit the growth of the Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus faecalis CNRZ 238 species was tested by the agar diffusion method. The tested cultures were chosen as positive to a gene sequence for tyrosindecarboxylase (tyrDC). None of the tested P spice components or the mix as a whole inhibited growth of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus faecalis...
Potential of chlorophyll fluorescence and VIS/NIR spectroscopy measurement use for the detection of nitrogen content and disease infection of apple leaves
Václava Spáčilová, Ivana Šafránková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 317-328 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060317
A possibility of using spectral methods for determining a nutritional status and detecting pathogens in apple-tree cvs. 'Jonagold' and 'Idared' was verified in an orchard and pot experiments in 2007-2010. Treatments differed in the fertilizer or fungicide dose. Leaf samples were collected from the experimental variants to determine nitrogen content and to measure spectral reflectance (spectrophotometer Avantes USB 2000) and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (FluorCam). Results of the measurements were correlated to leaf analyses for nitrogen content in dry matter. At the same time, a health status (the occurrence of fungal pathogens Venturia inaequalis...
Effects of the technolology of machining on the surface quality of selected wood
Michal Svatoš, Zdeněk Kopecký, Miroslav Rousek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 329-336 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060329
The paper deals with the dependence of using basic types of machining technologies on the surface quality of most common wood. In wood-processing industry, cutting by circular-saw blades and milling are the most often used technology to machining wood materials. The quality and accuracy of the machining are derived from the machine construction, shape and the amount of saw teeth, kind of wood species, feed per tooth and the size of the tool. Research was carried out on an experimental milling stand at setting various feed speeds and the spindle rpm, on an experimental cutting stand at using three types of circular-saw blades in the field of optimum...
Comparison of extractable soil carbon and dissolved organic carbon by their molecular characteristics
Martina Šestauberová, František Novák
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 337-342 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060337
The aim of this study was to compare the molecular characteristics of extractable soil carbon from biotopes of the Rašeliník watershed and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from Rašeliník creek, by using the 0.1M pyrophosphate, 0.01M CaCl2 and Britton-Robinson buffer as extraction agents. The molecular weight Mr and weight-average molecular weight Mw, determined by the low pressure size exclusion chromatography, increased in the following sequence: humic substances (HS) in CaCl2 < aquatic HS < HS in sodium pyrophosphate ≤ HS in a buffer. Elution curves of all humic substances were characteristic...
Monitoring of dry anaerobic fermentation in experimental facility with use of biofilm reactor
Milan Šinkora, Miroslav Havlíček
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 343-354 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060343
Anaerobic fermentation is a process in which almost any organic mass may be transformed into an energetically rich biogas and a fermentation residue. Only strictly anaerobic microorganisms enter into the process; thus the process may take place only in a hermetically sealed environment. With regard to the world wide situation, where the increase in the proportion of energy from sustainable sources is in demand, anaerobic fermentation offers the possibility of transforming farm waste, farm products and municipality waste of biological character into electricity. This electricity may subsequently become an interesting source of income. The system may...
The design procedure for pre-grown stabilization reinforced grass carpet
Miloslav Šlezingr, Lucie Foltýnová, Viktor Šulc
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 355-358 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060355
Biological (or biotechnical) stabilization of banks based on the stabilization effect of grass has a fundamental disadvantage for reinforcement constructions and that is the delay in their functionality. It starts to be functional only several weeks after the sowing and its full function can be usually guaranteed for as late as the following vegetation period. Moreover, grass carpets on slopes forming banks of watercourses are damaged by erosion caused by the flow of water in the watercourse but also water flowing down the slopes. Other damage is inflicted by "trampling", i.e. the damage caused by the movement of people (anglers, rowers, hikers, etc.)....
Effect of addition of pollen and propolis to feeding mixtures during the production of broiler chickens ROSS 308 to the colour of thigh and breast muscle and pH determination
Hana Šulcerová, Michal Mihok, Miroslav Jůzl, Peter Haščík
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 359-366 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060359
The aim of this study was to verify influence of pollen and propolis added to the feeding mixture in the diet of broiler chickens Ross 308 to colour breast and thigh muscles in relation to pH values. A total of 198 units 1 day-old Ross 308 hybrid combinations divided into 6 groups according to the feeding mixtures were investigated on meat quality characteristics changes. Muscle colour of breasts and thighs was measured and compared with pH in three times, pH1, pH2 and pHult. Feeding with various additions to feeding mixtures for chicken showed small impact of low content (200 or 300 mg.kg-1) propolis to...
First anatomically characterized wood from the Tertiary of Moravia: Spiroplatanoxylon from the area of Austerlitz (Southern Moravia, Czech Republic)
Ingrid Továrková, Vladimír Gryc, Jakub Sakala
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 367-372 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060367
A new silicified angiosperm wood from the alluvial sediments in Vážany nad Litavou (SW of Slavkov/Austerlitz near Brno, Vyškov district) is described. The wood is diffuse-porous with indistinct growth ring boundaries. Vessels are exclusively solitary with helical thickenings and scalariform perforation plates. Rays are very high and up to 18 cells wide, homocellular to slightly heterocellular. Crystals are present in axial parenchyma mostly in chambered cells, rarely in idioblasts. The fossil is attributed to Spiroplatanoxylon mueller-stollii Süss. Other species of Spiroplatanoxylon are also discussed. Wood anatomical descriptions from...
The influence of external and internal factors on the quality of semen collection and qualitative indicators of semen in the dog (Canis familiaris)
Marie Vágenknechtová, M. Hošek, L. Máchal, G. Chládek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 373-380 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060373
The influence of external and internal factors on the course of semen collection and quality of ejaculate has been evaluated in this work. This observation included 30 dogs of various breeds, each of which we collected 3 ejaculates from within one week (first, third and fifth day). The internal factors included the weight of the dog, order of semen collection and the age of the dog. The external factors included type of housing, utilization of the dog, point of the collection and type of nutrition. Average length of preparation of a dog for a collection and onset of sexual reflex was 95.7 sec. The observations showed that none of the evaluated internal...
Soil organic matter of Chernozem in the part of Central Europe
Vítězslav Vlček, Martin Brtnický, Jiřina Foukalová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 381-386 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060381
In this study, we have tried to evaluate the current contents of Soil Organic Matter (SOM) in the Soil Type Chernozem for Central Europe and to determine the site specific level for the Czech Republic. In the past, the observed effect of SOM on the Agronomic characteristics in particular yields. Nowadays it means a very important influence on the Environment, particularly in the terms of ecological functions of soil (the influence of the filter function, sanitation function, protection against degradation etc.).The statistical analysis included data for all the Chernozems (N = 141) regardless of subtype derived from measurements from 2003 to 2006....
Plant components and authenticity of landscape architecture monuments
Miloš Pejchal
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(6), 389-400 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060389
Plants specifications emphasize the fundamental meaning of the "fourth space dimension" - time by their usage: (a) the space cannot be composed as a static image; (b) some used plants are not the planned part of the target state; (c) delayed onset of full functionality; (d) substantial importance of care for achieving and maintaining of the full functionality; (e) cultivation measures must be implemented in a certain time period, i.e. the "time window"; (f) replacement of already obsolete generation of full-grown and long-aged trees with a new generation is often carried out in the amended site conditions and different social situation. Historical...