Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2004 (vol. 52), issue 4
Vliv hnojení dusíkem a sírou na podíl bílkovinných frakcí pšenice ozimé
The impact of nitrogen and sulphur fertiliying on the share of proteinous fractions in winter wheat
Luděk Hřivna, Lenka Hurtová, Jitka Gálová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 7-16 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040007 
The impact of fertilizing containing combination of nitrogen and sulphur on the N-substances contain in grain and the share of particular proteinous fractions of wheat of Samanta species was researched within the small-allotment trials in years 2000-2001. It has been proved that application of nitrogen together with sulphur positively influenced the sum of extracted N-substances. In both trial years the increase reached the average variant in relative comparison 3,83-3,8%. While in the first trial year the impact of sulphur was stronger when the share of nitrogen was bigger (increase 6,7%) the next year there was opposite trend and the increase of...
Stigmella stettinensis (Heinemann), přehlížený druh skupiny Stigmella oxyacanthella (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) v Evropě
Stigmella stettinensis (Heinemann), an overlooked species of the Stigmella oxyacanthella-group (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) in Europe
Aleš Laštůvka, Zdeněk Laštůvka
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 17-24 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040017
Stigmella stettinensis (Heinemann, 1871) is separated from a widely distributed Stigmella minusculella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) - a miner of pear-tree. The two species differ in colouration, in number of antennal segments and in some genitalia structures. The caterpillar of Stigmella stettinensis mines also leaves of Pyrus spp. Important characters are figured, problems of nomenclature are discussed, neotypes of the both taxa are fixed.
Poznámky k rodu Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 (tasemnice) a nálezy parazita druhu Mesocestoides sp. u psa domácího v České republice
Notes to Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 (Cestoda) and findings of Mesocestoides sp. parasitizing Canis familiaris (Carnivora) in the Czech Republic
František Tenora
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 25-34 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040025
The partial critical analysis of the situation in systematic-taxonomic arrangement of tapeworms from the genus Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 was performed. The attention is drawn to a number of problems preventing the uniform opinion on the species value within the genus Mesocestoides. The own material of that genus from Canis familiaris (gravid segments of cestodes from dog faeces, locality of Jílmoví, southern Moravia) is presented. The study is an appropriate complement to the abstract published by Borkovcová and Tenora (2003).
Změny škodlivosti druhů řádu Coleoptera na polních, zahradních a okrasných rostlinách v průběhu 20. století
Changes of Coleopteran pests in agricultural, horticultural and ornamental plants during the 20th century
Hana Šefrová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 35-46 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040035
Results of an analysis of coleopteran pests in agricultural, horticultural and ornamental plants during the 20th century are given. About 115 Coleoptera taxa were registered as pests of these plants (1.9% of all species known in the Czech Republic). Of these ca 20-25 species caused regular and important and other 40 species occasional and local damages. The remaining (ca 50-55) species appeared to be economically nearly or quite irrelevant. Only small changes in the composition of important coleopteran pests were registered during the century.
Porovnání základních životních projevů býků a volů v zimním období a letním období s uplatněním pastvy
Comparison of base life manifests of bulls and oxen in winter and summer period with exercise of pasture
Jan Pozdíšek, Marie Grézlová, Pavlína Divišová, Marek Bjelka, Eva Horáková, Evžen Vacátko
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 47-58 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040047
In study are results of bulls and oxen ethology monitoring (witch were 24 h) in 2002-2003. Basic manifestations were monitoring: standing, laying, feeding and moving. Strong difference was shown in social activity of groups in winter period (when were cattle in stable) - 18 contacts per a day for bulls vs. 7 contacts per a day for oxen. There were not marked different in social activity between bulls and oxen in summer monitoring (when were cattle on pasture). Other life manifests were comparable in both groups.In dependence of lower frequency of oxen social activity (in time when cattle are in limited place in stable) are oxen more tolerant to...
Vliv polohy ve kmeni na šířku letokruhu u smrku (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) s výskytem reakčního dřeva
Influence of position within the tree stem according to growth-ring width of spruce (Picea abies /L./ KARST.) with compression wood
Vladimír Gryc, Jiří Holan
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 59-72 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040059
The work was focused on problematics of annual-rings width according to position within the tree stem. Annual-ring widths, ratio of late wood and early wood by spruce with compression wood were investigated. Statistically significant differencies of individual zones in tree were occured. Zone of compression wood showed bigger width of annual-rings, common occurence of late wood and higher percentual ratio of late wood. Obtained results agree with common results in literature. Variability of annual-ring width according to position within the tree stem was confirmed. Width of annual-ring was changed mainly according to radius of stem. In height position...
Variabilita konvenční hustoty jehličnatého vlákninového dříví
The variability of pulp-wood basic specific gravity of softwood
Jiří Holan, Vladimír Gryc
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 73-82 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040073
In the present study, basic density of pulpwood of Norway spruce (Piceas abies /L./ Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was investigated. The variability of basic density and factors applied are out of concern. Factors are characterised by localization along the log, growing conditions defined by geographic area of Czech Republic, diameter of log, and the storing of logs within transport loading. Basic density was determined on cores taken by modified Pressler borer in the radial direction from bark to pith. The average basic density of Norway spruce is comparable to Scots pine, as well as the variation coefficient. Basic density...
Faktory ovlivňující ekonomiku provozu traktorových souprav
Factors influencing economic aspects of operation of tractor machines aggregations
Pavel Sedlák, František Bauer, Tomáš Kopa
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 83-90 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040083
An appropriate additional load of driving wheels is very important for an efficient use of engine output. This additional load influences significantly the driving momentum and, thus, the pulling efficiency of the tractor. This pulling force is dependent on adhesion forces influencing the driving wheels and it can be said that the higher this adhesion force (i. e. the higher additional load), the higher the adhesion force and the higher the engine output. In this paper the authors present results of measurements of the pulling characteristics on a roller dynamometer. The measurements were performed in two variants, viz. (i) with additional loading...
O invazi masařky Liosarcophaga aegyptica (Salem, 1935) do střední Evropy a objevu masařky Heliophagella verstraeteni (Lehrer, 1975) na východním Slovensku (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)
On an invasion of the flesh-fly Liosarcophaga aegyptica (Salem, 1935) into Central Europe with the discovery of Helicophagella verstraeteni (Lehrer, 1975) in East Slovakia (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)
Dalibor Povolný, Vladimír Hula
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 91-102 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040091
The invasion of the subtropical flesh-fly Liosarcophaga aegyptica (Salem, 1935) into South Moravia was observed during late summer 2003. This African insect was known to occur in the maritime habitats of the Black Sea and after World War II sporadically also in eastern Hungary, southern Slovakia and Lower Austria. Its population density increased in the Danube Basin and the first flies were also captured in South Moravia during late summer 2003. Elementary analyses revealed that this flesh-fly prefers habitats with high species diversity and important species similarity and that it might become sedentary in this territory. The flesh-fly Helicophagella...
Fenotypové projevy mléčné užitkovosti krav pocházejících z embryotransferu
Phenotypic manifestations of milk efficiency of cows from embryo transfer
Simona Minaříková, Jiří Žižlavský
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 103-110 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040103
The effect of embryo donors and recipients of on milk efficiency of their female offsprings from embryotransfer was followed. Heifers and cows of Czech Spotted Breed were used as a embryo donors and recipients. The selected characteristics of milk efficiency - the quantity of milk (kg), the quantity of proteins (kg) and content of proteins (%) were analysed by using of variation-statistical methods and analysis of variance (programme Statistica, version 6.0) by the donors (31), recipients (74) and their daughters (74) from embryotransfer. These selected characterictics were analysed in the 1st and in the maximal lactations. Milk efficiency of the recipients...
Změny vodní aktivity vícesložkové potravinové směsi v průběhu zpracovávání
Water activity changes of multicomponent food mixture during processing
Jiří Štencl, Tomáš Komprda
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 111-118 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040111
Water activity of multicomponent food mixture was analysed and measured. Samples of dry fermented sausages with two different starter cultures (Pediococcus pentosaceus + Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus carnosus + Staphylococcus xylosus + Lactobacillus farciminis) were tested during ripening (21 days) and storing (91 days). The basic raw materials were the same for all samples: lean beef meat, lean pork and pork fat in equal parts, nitrite salt mixture (2.5 %), and sugars (1.0 %). The method used for water activity tests was indirect manometric in a static environment. Moisture content of samples was measured...
Dynamika změn vybraných složek ovčího mléka v průběhu laktace
Dynamics of changes in some selected components of sheep milk in the course of lactation
Pavlína Zajícová, Jan Kuchtík
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 119-124 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040119
The objective of our study was to evaluate dynamics of changes in contents of some components of sheep milk, viz. dry matter (DM), fat (F), true protein (TP), casein (C), whey protein (WP) and lactose (L). Estimations were carried out using milk samples originating from 20 ewes (crosses of Eastfriesian and Improved Valachian breeds). All ewes under study were on the first lactation. Altogether six milk samplings were carried out, viz. on Days 46, 74, 102, 132, 162 and 190 of lactation. The average contents of DM, F, P, C, WP and L ranged, in dependence on the day of lactation, from 16.66 to 19.98%; 5.45 to 7.70%; 5.24 to 6.64%; 3.95 to 5.08%; 1.21...
Scénáře změny klimatu ve vztahu k výnosu pšenice ozimé
Climate change scenarios related to the winter wheat yields
Zdeněk Žalud
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 125-136 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040125
Impact of climate change on winter wheat yields using crop growth model has been tested in this study. Simulated results show that: (1) Wheat yields tend in general to increase (40 out of 42 applied climate change scenarios) on most locations in range between 7.5-25.3% in all three time periods. In case of CCSR scenario that predicts the most severe increase of air temperature yields would be reduced by 9.6% in 2050 and by 25.8% if the A2 emission scenario would become reality. Differences between individual scenarios are large and statistically significant and especially for the more distant time periods may lead to doubts about the trend of the yield...
Mikrobiální využití huminových kyselin extrahovaných z půd dlouhodobého polního pokusu
Microbial processing of humic acids extracted from soils of a long-term field trial
Zdeněk Filip, Jaromír Kubát
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 137-146 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040137
Humic acids (HA) extracted with alkali from non-fertilized and fertilized (NPK + organic manure) soils of field trials established 45 years ago were exposed to activities of a mixed population of indigenous soil microorganisms in the laboratory. The individual cultures were kept on a rotary shaker for 21 days (aerobic conditions) or left standing for 12 months (semi-aerobic conditions) in order to determine the utilization of HA as nutrients, and possible HA structural transformations. In a full-strength nutrient broth HA positively affected the yields of microbial biomass, that, however, was strongly diminished if HA served as the only sources of...
Zooplankton a zoobentos NPP Pastvisko
Zooplankton and zoobenthos of national natural monument Pastvisko (Pasture land)
Ivo Sukop
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 149-158 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040149
In the year 2002 the seasonal dynamic of zooplankton and zoobenthos in six localities of the national natural monument Pastvisko was observed. The localities belong to the lower Podyjí region, wetlands of international importance. This area was included to Ramsar convention in 1993. Pastvisko is a significant ornithological locality. Besides of birds are represented here also rare water plants as arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia), bladderwort (Utricularia australis), water meal (Wolffia arrhiza), rare water invertebrates for example leech (Hirudo medicinalis), dragonfly (Epitheca bimaculata), water beetle (Hydrophilus...
Gene pool of less widely spread fruit tree species
Vojtěch Řezníček, Petr Salaš
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 159-168 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040159
Within the gene pool collected at the Department of Breeding and Propagation of Garden Plants of the Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, in Lednice we established experimental plots with some selected less known tree species - quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), sea buckthorn (Hippophäe rhamnoides L.), Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) and honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis Turcy. ex Freyn.). The experimental plots were established in successive steps according to the availability of planting material and using conventional methods of cultivation. Evaluations are focused on...
Metodika výroby mikroskopických preparátů ze vzorků dřeva
The methodology of making microscopical preparations of wood
Hanuš Vavrčík, Vladimír Gryc
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2004, 52(4), 169-176 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200452040169
In this paper, there are discussed methods of making woody tissues microscopical preparations and making its microslides. There are described common methods of preparation of wood blocks, sectioning of woody tissues, staining and mounting. The differences of making wood sections and non-lignified plant sections are highlighted. The authors recommendate the fast methodology of making quality microslides of wood sections based on their own experiences.