Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013 (vol. 61), issue 6
Repeated research of biodegradability of plastics materials in real composting conditions
Dana Adamcová, Magdalena Vaverková, František Toman
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1557-1564 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061557 
The aim of this paper was to verify information obtained by repeated research provide in 2011 and 2012 in real composting conditions and check information about biodegradability of plastics bags in real composting conditions. In both cases samples were placed into frames and inserted into one clamp within the compost pile to investigate the biodegradation. The plastics bags were obtained from chain stores in the Czech Republic and Poland. The shopping bags were made of HDPE with the TDPA additive (sample 2), PP with an addition of pro-oxidants (d2w) (sample 1, 3) and materials certified as compostable (starch, polycaprolactone) (sample 4,...
Evaluation of European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) infection in the Castle Park in Lednice
Tivadar Baltazár, Miloš Pejchal, Ildikó Varga
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1565-1574 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061565
This experiment focused on the evaluation of mistletoe infection (Viscum album L.) in main sections of the castle park in Lednice. The study evaluates the proportion of affected and unaffected individuals of host taxa and the intensity of their infestation. For Acer campestre and Tilia cordata one-way ANOVA was used to detect the difference among the number of mistletoe bushes and tree age, development stage, vitality and location. For the modelling of mistletoe infection probability also the dependence on these and other continuous explanatory variables (height and crown volume) was used for logistic regression with binomial distribution....
Effect of bull, diluter and LDL-cholesterol concentration on spermatozoa resistance against cold shock
Jan Beran, Ondřej Šimoník, Luděk Stádník, Radko Rajmon, Jaromír Ducháček, Adéla Krejcárková, Martina Doležalová, Jiří Šichtař
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1575-1581 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061575
The objectives of this study were to determine and evaluate the effect of bull, diluter and addition of LDL in different concentration on the percentage rate of spermatozoa survival after cold shock. In total, four bulls were collected during a period of eight weeks. A total of 8 samples of fresh semen with required quality were processed. Three extenders were used for dilution of each sample; AndroMed®, Bioxcell® and Triladyl®, each in standard and LDL enriched variants. In the case of AndroMed® and Bioxcell®, 4, 6 and 8% of LDL were simply added. In Triladyl®, 6, 8 and 10% of LDL replaced the standard egg yolk component. Resistance...
Influence of water content on the shear strength parameters of clayey soil in relation to stability analysis of a hillside in Brno region
Kristýna Bláhová, Lenka Ševelová, Pavla Pilařová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1583-1588 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061583
Shear strength of soils is highly affected by moisture conditions (i.e. water content), especially if the soil contains clay materials. Usually the laboratory specimen, which are used to determine shear strength of soil are prepared at water content and dry density same as in the field conditions, without respect to the fact, that the conditions in the future might not remain the same. For the purpose of this study soil specimen were compacted and the optimum moisture content was identified. After compaction soil was tested at the dry side of optimum water content at w = 9 %, 10 % and 11 %. Parameters of shear strength were obtained and used for stability...
Temperature and storing time influence on selected physical properties of milk and acidophilus milk
Monika Božiková, Peter Hlaváč
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1589-1595 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061589
This article deals with thermophysical parameters as: temperature, thermal conductivity, diffusivity and rheologic parameters as: dynamic, kinematic viscosity and fluidity of milk and acidophilus milk. For thermophysical parameters measurements was used Hot Wire method and for rheologic parameters measurements was used single - spindle viscometer. In the first series of measurements we measured relations between thermophysical and rheologic parameters in temperature range (5-25) °C for milk and acidophilus milk. Relations of all physical parameters of milk to the temperature showed influence of relative fat content. Effect of storage on milk and acidophilus...
Soldering sheets using soft solders
Milan Brožek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1597-1604 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061597
The paper contains strength tests results of joints soldered using lead and leadless soft solders. For tests lead solders types Pb60Sn40 and Sn60Pb40 and leadless soft solders types Sn95.5Ag3.8Cu0.7 and Sn96Ag4 were used. As basic materials steel sheet, zinc-coated steel sheet, copper sheet and brass sheet 100 x 20 x 1 mm was the test samples size. Always two sheets were cleaned and jointed together. For heating the propane-butane + air flame was used. Then the tested assemblies were loaded using the universal tensile-strength testing machine till to failure. At the tests the force needed for assemblies failure and failure type (in soldered joint,...
Analysis of lines and breeds of sires in the breeding of the Czech warmblood horses based on grading their offspring in rearing facilities for testing young horses (RFT)
Hana Černohorská, Eva Sobotková, Martina Kosťuková, Iveta Bihuncová, Ivana Oravcová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1605-1612 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061605
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the breed of sire and line of sire on grading of the body conformation and performance of colts of warmblood horses in rearing facilities for testing young horses (RFT). The groundwork database contained data from 2001 to 2011 from nine RFT's. The database was processed statistically using the GLM method to assess the statistical significance of the effect of the breed of the sire and line of the sire on body conformation and performance of the colts. By multiple comparisons of the individual effects using the Tukey-B method we discovered statistically significant differences in the body...
The effect of urea with urease inhibitors and urea on yield and nitrate content in potato tubers
Karel Drápal, Miroslav Jůzl, Petr Elzner, Vít Mareček
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1613-1619 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061613
The three-year field trial was established on two localities - Žabčice and Valečov in 2010-2012. Seven variants of nitrogen fertilization in four replications have been involved in this experiment - 100% of urea (U), 80% of urea, 60% of urea, 100% of UreaStabil (US), 80% of UreaStabil and 60% of UreaStabil, whilst 100% corresponded to 90 kg N.ha-1 after subtracting the content of Nmin in the soil, and the control variant without fertilization by mineral nitrogen. The two varieties with different lengths of vegetation periods have been chosen for the experiment - the early variety Karin and the mid-early variety Red Anna. In all cases, samples...
Body condition score and milk fatty acid composition in early lactation of Czech Fleckvieh cows
Jaromír Ducháček, Luděk Stádník, Jan Beran, Monika Okrouhlá, Mojmír Vacek, Martina Doležalová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1621-1628 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061621
The development of body condition score (BCS) and milk fatty acid composition and its mutual relationships were evaluated in the first 4 weeks of lactation of 50 Czech Fleckvieh cows. Average BCS values ranged from 4.14 at calving to 3.6 points in the 4th week of lactation. The percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) tended to slightly increase (69.1 to 71.3%), whereas the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) tended to decrease (30.9 to 28.7%). The animals used were divided to three groups according to the BCS change between calving and week 4 of lactation. The cows with a minimum BCS loss during the first 4 weeks postpartum (-0.03...
Effect of the growing season duration of sorghum and Sudan grass hybrids on the chemical composition and digestibility of organic matter
Jitka Dvořáčková, Petr Doležal, Ivo Vyskočil
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1629-1635 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061629
In our experimental study we used the four most commonly grown (in the Czech Republic) sorghum and Sudan grass hybrids from USA (Nutri Honey, Latte, Honey Graze, Big Kahuna) and one hybrid from Germany (Bovital). The aim of the study was to compare these hybrids and to find out the influence of the growing season length on their nutrient composition and digestibility of organic matter. Samples were taken in the first cut, always in 14-day intervals. The crop was sown in early June, sampling started on July 19, 2010 and finished 8 weeks later on September 13, 2010.When assessing the influence of the growing season's length the following values and...
Diet preference of Eurasian Beaver (Castor Fiber L., 1758) in the environment of Oderské vrchy and its influence on the tree species composition of river bank stands
Jan Dvořák
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1637-1643 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061637
This paper deals with the dietary behaviour and the tree species preference in the river bank stands in the diet of established population Eurasian Beaver (Castor fiber L., 1758) in the environment of Oderské vrchy; the objective is to assess the suitability of this environment for future development of the Eurasian Beaver and to asses the influence of the beaver's dietary behaviour on the river bank stands. In the monitored area, the total of 5 tree species with the following preference were recorded: willow (Salix) 42.2%, aspen (Populus) 28%, dogwood (Comus) 15.5%, birch (Betula) 7.4% and alder (Alnus) 6.9%....
A rainfall distribution and their influence on flood generation in the eastern Slovakia
Lenka Gaňová, Martina Zeleňáková, Pavol Purcz, Žofia Kuzevičová, Helena Hlavatá
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1645-1652 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061645
This paper aims to geographically assess the flood occurrence in eastern Slovakia by using one of the methods of multi-criteria analysis - rank sum method. Flood risk assessment is conducted in three specific cases: the long term period 1989-2009, the extremely wet 2010 year, and the extremely dry 2011 year. In the analyses, some of the causative factors for flooding in a basin area are taken into account. We use set of causative factors concerning mostly hydrological and physio-geographical characteristic of the target area that can be measured and evaluated such as soil type, daily precipitation (for the years 1989-2009, 2010, 2011), land use, catchment...
Social relationships existing among gelada (Theropithecus gelada) males in the Zoo Zlín
Šárka Hanuláková, Ladislav Máchal, Pavlína Hloucalová, Roman Horský, Gustav Chládek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1653-1659 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061653
This study was focused on the monitoring of behaviour and complex social relationships existing among gelada (Theropithecus gelada) monkeys. The study involved a group of five males that were raised in captivity in the Zoo Zlín - Lešná. Ethological monitoring was performed by means of photographing of the group behaviour of these animals. Studied were the basic forms of social behaviour, i.e. food collection (foraging), free movement, (locomotion) observing of the neighbourhood (watching), grooming, climbing on trees, playing, aggressive behaviour (fighting), and resting. The temporary point of view, foraging was the most important time-consuming...
Cross validation of cut-off limit estimations for milk indicators of subclinical ketosis
Oto Hanuš, Petr Roubal, Eva Samková, Daniel Falta, Gustav Chládek, Marcela Klimešová Vyletělová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1661-1667 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061661
Real time analyses of main milk components are attended in milking parlours today. Breeders can know milk composition regularly. Energy (ketosis) milk quotients such as fat/crude protein (F/CP) and fat/lactose (F/L) could be essential for ketosis prevention and losses which can be linked with it. Aim was to do a reciprocal validation of reliability of milk indicators for subclinical ketosis (SK) identification. There were: dairy cows on 1st and other lactations free of clinical and superior subclinical mastitis; 3 herds of Czech Fleckvieh (CF) breed, 3 herds of Holstein (H) breed and 1 herd with CF and H; 329 individual milk samples from...
Evaluation of development in indirect determination of milk fat free fatty acids in Czech Republic
Oto Hanuš, Eva Samková, Jan Říha, Marcela Vyletělová Klimešová, Petr Roubal
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1669-1679 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061669
Free fatty acids (FFAs) in fat are important indicator of raw milk quality. Result reliability of FFAs is important. Aim was to verify MIR-FT (mid infrared spectroscopy with Fourier's transformations) method for its calibration to determine FFAs, time stability of MIR-FT FFA calibration and calibration levelling in laboratory networks. Reference (RE) milk samples (1 set = 8) were prepared according to CSN 57 0533 (FFAs in mmol.100g-1 of fat). MIR-FT instruments were: 1 LactoScope FTIR (DE); 2 Bentley FTS (BE); 2 MilkoScan FT 6000 (FO). 3 calibrations of MIR-FT (5) in 3 laboratories were performed. Bulk milk samples came from 4 herds and...
Metaanalysis of ketosis milk indicators in terms of their threshold estimation
Oto Hanuš, Marcela Vyletělová Klimešová, Gustav Chládek, Petr Roubal, Růžena Seydlová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1681-1692 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061681
Real time analyses of main milk components are attended in milking parlours today. Regular day information without delay is advantageous. Farmers can know milk composition every day. They can calculate milk energy quotients, identified subclinical ketosis in early lactation of dairy cows and thus improve ketosis prevention and avoid economical losses. Aim was to improve the estimation reliability of thresholds of milk indicators of energy metabolism for subclinical ketosis detection and its prevention support by metaanalysis. This can have higher result reliability than individual studies. Results of similar papers were analysed. These were focused...
Assessment of antioxidant activity and total polyphenolic compounds of peach varieties infected with the Plum pox virus
Jana Horsáková, Jiří Sochor, Boris Krška
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1693-1701 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061693
Just like in other stone fruits, also in peach trees, the Plum pox virus is commonly known to be the cause of lower yields, worse quality and smaller size of fruits and it also affects the contained substances. The fruits of peach trees infected with the Plum pox virus (PPV) were subjected to various analyses to determine the content of antioxidant activity and overall polyphenolic compounds. The evaluation took place from 2011 to 2012. To conduct this experiment, two cultivars that had been infected by PPV naturally were selected - 'Royal Glory' and 'Symphony'. Antioxidant activity was established using five principally different methods (DPPH, ABTS,...
Effect of the density of transplants in reforestation on the morphological quality of the above-ground part of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) six years after planting
Kateřina Houšková, Oldřich Mauer
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1703-1713 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061703
Quality of the above-ground part of European beech planted at different densities and spacing patterns for the purpose of artificial forest regeneration was monitored 3, 4 and 6 years after planting. The initial numbers of beech transplants were 5,000 pcs.ha-1, 10,000 pcs.ha-1, 15,000 pcs.ha-1 and 20,000 pcs.ha-1. The spacing pattern of transplants was either square or rectangular nearly in all variants: 1.4 × 1.4 m, 2 × 1 m, 1 × 1 m, 0.8 × 0.8 m, 1 ×0.65 m, 0.7 × 0.7 m and 1 × 0.5 m. Conclusions following out from the research are as follows: 1. neither the chosen density of transplants nor their spacing...
Ecological criterion effect on the forest road network longitudinal gradient
Petr Hrůza
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1715-1723 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061715
The specific way in which a forest road is designed affects the management in the forest environment and timber transport. The aim of this study was to find out whether an inclusion of the ecological criterion in the forest road design will change the parameter of the longitudinal gradient of forest hauling roads and whether these changes will have an effect on the accessibility of forest stands by timber hauling machinery. The possible changes in the longitudinal gradient can also affect the technology of forest road surfacing and the selection of the appropriate surface type. We can state that an inclusion of the ecological criterion in the forest...
Seating furniture for public interior (Creating of non-discriminatory interior for people with limitations and seniors)
Věra Kameníková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1725-1731 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061725
For optimal use and function in the public interior evaluation of seating furniture is important in terms of typology, ergonomics, safety, quality of design, used materials, ecology and other properties.The aim is to adjust the dimensional requirements of the seating furniture for public interior to meet the needs of the current population and reflect the proportional changes in the human body over the last decades.Due to the ageing of population and growing number of people with movement and physiological limitations (which also include the elderly), it will become, in near future, more topical need to modify the rules related to seating furniture...
The influence of the tire inflation on pull properties of agriculture tractors
Jakub Katrenčík, František Bauer, Petr Dostál
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1733-1739 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061733
Agricultural tractors are robust and versatile machines, which must comply with the basic requirements of users under various conditions. The main requirements include economical and reliable operation and high performance. Fuel economy could be improved using multiple methods, for example a well trained operator, adequate farming conditions and optimal tire inflation. Tractor tires transmit engine power to the surface and as such they are crucial to tractor operation. In the first part of the field measurement, all tires were inflated to 180kPa, while in the second part of the field measurements the tire pressure was set to 75kPa in front tires and...
Clipping management and its effect on the composition and height of low-input turf
Pavel Knot
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1741-1747 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061741
The effect of mulching and moving management on the height and the composition of low-input turf was studied in Vatin research station of fodder crops regularly in May, during years 2007-2012. The experiment was established in 2006 with using a clover-grass lawn mixture (95% grasses, 5% clover crops). The experimental plots were not fertilized and the patches were mown or mulched five times a year to a sward height of 40 mm.The achieved results show that mulching affected the composition of the low-input turf very significantly. On the average of six-year monitoring, the representation of grasses in the sward of the mulched variant was 66.9%, which...
Evaluation of dampers using a resonance adhesion tester
Stanislav Koláček, Petr Dostál
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1749-1753 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061749
This paper describes the diagnostics of dampers using resonant adhesion tester. This kind of test is non-invasive and evaluation is based on the EUSAMA methodology. The main goals of this method were to practically measure and evaluate technical condition of the shock absorbers. However, this method does not measure only damper properties, but the whole axle, too. During measurements, one must take into account the fact that the results can be easily influenced by external factors. These include e.g. wrong tire pressure, different kind of shock absorbers, and tires. The actual testing revealed that the measurement results are also influenced by bad...
Is allometry for aboveground organ's mass estimation in young Norway spruce stands affected by different type of thinning?
Jan Krejza, Radek Pokorný, Irena Marková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1755-1761 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061755
The study focuses on determination of aboveground organ's mass using allometric relationships in Norway spruce stands with different type of thinning management - thinning from below (TfB) and thinning from above (TfA). Allometric functions for predicting of stem, branch, leaf and total aboveground mass were estimated from measurements of basic stem dendrometric parameters. The highest adjusted regression coefficients were found between DBH and biomass of aboveground tree organs (adj. r2 ranged from 0.91 to 0.98). Multiple linear regressions provide correlation coefficients r2 from 0.88 to 0.98 for TfB and from 0.90 to 0.98 for...
Low-temperature behaviour of the engine oil
Vojtěch Kumbár, Artūras Sabaliauskas
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1763-1767 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061763
The behaviour of engine oil is very important. In this paper has been evaluated temperature dependence kinematic viscosity of engine oils in the low temperatures. Five different commercially distributed engine oils (primarily intended for automobile engines) with viscosity class 0W-40, 5W-40, 10W-40, 15W-40, and 20W-40 have been evaluated. The temperature dependence kinematic viscosity has been observed in the range of temperature from -15 °C to 15 °C (for all oils). Considerable temperature dependence kinematic viscosity was found and demonstrated in case of all samples, which is in accordance with theoretical assumptions and literature data. Mathematical...
Modelling the moisture sorption isotherms of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in the temperature range of 5-35 °C
Jitka Langová, Donludee Jaisut, Ratiya Thuwapanichayanan, Charotorn Phowong, Jiří Štencl, Danijela Jovanovic, Jiří Fryč, Václav Vlášek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1769-1777 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061769
Water sorption tests of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) carried out under laboratory conditions are presented together with mathematical analyses of the moisture sorption isotherms (MSI's). Moisture equilibrium data for adsorption and desorption of water from Roselle powder were investigated at near ambient air temperatures in the range of 5 and 35 °C and water activity (Aw) ranging from 0.11 to 0.97. The manometric method has been used for water sorption tests. Models for MSI's are exponential equations. Coefficients of determination are 0.998 and 0.996 (for adsorption and desorption at 5 °C, respectively), 0.998 and 0.999 (for adsorption...
Evaluating the parameters of a mobile maize dryer in practice
Josef Los, Jiří Fryč, Zdeněk Konrád
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1779-1784 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061779
The method of drying maize for grain has been recently employed on a large scale in the Czech Republic not only thanks to new maize hybrids but also thanks to the existence of new models of drying plants. One of the new post-harvest lines is a plant in Lipoltice (mobile dryer installed in 2010, storage base in 2012) where basic operational measurements were made of the energy intensiveness of drying and operating parameters of the maize dryer were evaluated. The process of maize drying had two stages, i.e. pre-drying from the initial average grain humidity of 28.55% to 19.6% in the first stage, and the additional drying from 16.7% to a final storage...
A new real-time PCR assay for rapid identification of the S. aureus/MRSA strains
Ivan Manga, Marcela Vyletělová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1785-1792 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061785
The Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with the livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) are of great interest to scientists and general public. The aim of our study was to present a new more rapid and reliable diagnostic method working on the RT-PCR platform applicable for monitoring of MRSA/S. aureus. The parallel testing of the S. aureus specific nuc gene sequence and the mecA gene sequence was utilised for this purpose. A collection of ten S. aureus/MRSA reference strains, fifteen genetically related non S. aureus reference strains and fifty-six environmental samples was employed for estimation...
The effect of the season on incidence of footpad dermatitis and its effect on broilers performance
Anna Musilová, Martina Lichovníková, David Hampel, Alena Przywarová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1793-1798 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061793
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the season on incidence of footpad dermatitis and to determine the effect of footpad dermatitis on broilers performance expressed by EPEF (European Production Efficiency Factor). The incidence of footpad dermatitis was evaluated during the year. Daily mortality, weights and feed consumption were observed too. Scoring of the feet was done in slaughterhouse according to six-point scale (0-5) Ask (2010). There were classified between 1200 to 1500 shanks from each flock. To facilitate the evaluation of the feet damage the numbers in scoring groups were summarized as follows: negligible damage (0+1), intermediate...
The efficiency of nutrient utilization by permanent grassland in the Kameničky locality
Adam Nawrath, Jakub Elbl, Antonín Kintl, Jaroslav Záhora, Jiří Skládanka
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1799-1806 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061799
This work presents the analysis of the effect of grassland management on leaching of mineral nitrogen from rhizosphere and plant biomass production in area of our interest. The determined values show the influence of fertilization and species composition of permanent grassland on leaching of mineral nitrogen and biomass production. The values were determined during field and laboratory experiments. The highest availability of Nmin in the field experiment was detected in the variant N90+PK; the lowest availability of Nmin was recorded in the PK variant. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the pot experiment,...
Diversity of carabid beetles (Carabidae) in quarries of Pálava
Lucie Nováková, Pavla Šťastná
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1807-1815 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061807
During the vegetation period of 2012, a faunistic survey of carabid beetles was conducted with focus on selected limestone quarries in the Pálava PLA. In the Turold quarry, 39 species in the total number of 270 specimens were captured, while the most abundant species was Carabus cancellatus. In the Svatý kopeček quarry, a total of 36 species with the total number of 420 specimens were collected, the most numerous species here was Pseudoophonus rufipes. Four protected species under the Decree 395/1992 Coll., as amended by Decree No. 175/2006 Coll. - Brachinus crepitans, B. explodens, Carabus ullrichii ullrichii, and Cylindera...
Influence of hydrogel on germination of lettuce and onion seed at different moisture levels
Kateřina Pazderů, Martin Koudela
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1817-1822 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061817
The influence of Agrisorb (water solution 1, 3, 5 g/l) on lettuce and onion seed germination was tested in different moisture conditions (30 ml and 15 ml of water in germination box). Variants with reduced water level germinated much more slowly (MGT parameter) than standard variants, though differences in total germination at the end of the test were insignificant. Treated variants of lettuce seeds showed a statistically significant increase in germination energy (GE) on the first day (GE1, both water levels), but a significant decrease on the second day (columns GE2, 15 ml). Higher doses of Agrisorb slowed lettuce seed germination (GE2, 30 ml, dose...
Wind effect on water surface of water reservoirs
Petr Pelikán, Jana Marková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1823-1828 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061823
The primary research of wind-water interactions was focused on coastal areas along the shores of world oceans and seas because a basic understanding of coastal meteorology is an important component in coastal and offshore design and planning. Over time the research showed the most important meteorological consideration relates to the dominant role of winds in wave generation. The rapid growth of building-up of dams in 20th century caused spreading of the water wave mechanics research to the inland water bodies. The attention was paid to the influence of waterwork on its vicinity, wave regime respectively, due to the shoreline deterioration,...
Effect of changes in some climatic factors on wind erosion risks - the case study of South Moravia
Jana Podhrázská, Josef Kučera, Filip Chuchma, Tomáš Středa, Hana Středová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1829-1837 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061829
The intensity of wind erosion is determined by climatic factors (wind direction and wind speed, precipitation, temperature, humidity, presence of negative temperatures), soil and geological factors (geological composition of the area, the size and shape of soil particles, soil moisture, soil structure, mechanical stability of soil), vegetation factors (vegetation cover, crop residues), geomorphological factors (shape and distribution of the slopes, the incidence planes and leeward sites) and anthropogenic factors (length and orientation of land, farming, irrigation). Potential exposure of the wind erosion can be expressed through indexes of soil susceptibility...
Effect of probiotics in the pig nutrition on the pathogenic bacteria counts in the gut
Pavla Pospíšková, Gabriela Zorníková, Miroslava Kolářová, Zbyšek Sládek, Tomáš Komprda, Jana Geršiová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1839-1843 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061839
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a probiotic culture in the digestive tract of sows. Two groups of healthy sows with 40 animals each were fed a standard feed three weeks after weaning. From the beginning of the fourth week (day 0), one group received the same diet enriched with the probiotic monoculture of Enterococcus faecium SF 68, the second (control) group was given the same diet without probiotics. The samples of faeces were collected (to the sterile containers) at days 0, 15, 30 (end of the probiotic consumption) and 40 (end of the wash-out period), respectively. In the probiotic group, significant decrease...
Soil CO2 efflux in young Norway spruce stands with different silviculture practices
Jiří Rosík, Tomáš Fabiánek, Irena Marková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1845-1851 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061845
Seasonal changes of soil CO2 efflux were investigated in two young Norway spruce stands with different silviculture practices (below and above thinning) during the 2010-2012 at the Ecosystem Station of Rájec - Němčice (the Drahanská vrchovina Highland, the Czech Republic). Soil CO2 efflux was almost about 20% higher in the plot with above thinning compared to the plot with bellow thinning. Soil CO2 efflux between the studied plots was significant in the studied years 2010 and 2012. Soil CO2 efflux was positively related to soil temperature in the both studied spruce plots. Silviculture practices had effect...
Effects of drought on the composition and structure of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages - a case study
Pavla Řezníčková, Lenka Tajmrová, Petr Pařil, Světlana Zahrádková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1853-1865 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061853
Natural drying up of streams is not common in Central Europe. Nevertheless, the recurrent drying up of small streams in last decades has shown an urgent need to pay attention to the impact of global climate change. This strong disturbance influences conditions in streams markedly and causes changes in the taxonomical and functional structure of biota. The aim of the study was to compare aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages of one intermittent and one permanent brook in South Moravia. The study was carried out in two stretches with otherwise comparable environmental parameters. Lower densities of macroinvertebrates were found at the intermittent site...
Crumb evaluation of bread with hemp products addition by means of image analysis
Ivan Švec, Marie Hrušková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1867-1872 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061867
Hemp flour composition (20-30% proteins, 7-13% fat and more than 40% saccharides) is a precondition for its usage into non-traditional cereal products. Corresponding to the fact, that hemp proteins are represented mostly by edestin, a low-molecular globulin, technological behaviour of composites containing 5-20% of hemp flour is basically different. The effect was clearly reflected in specific bread volume decrease, comparing standard wheat bread vs. wheat-hemp one. Sensorial profile of such fortified product depends on hemp sample origin, the better one was observed for dehulled wholemeal hemp flour addition. Image analysis of black-white bread cut...
Vibration properties of the Ostrich eggshell at impact
Jan Trnka, Pavla Stoklasová, Jana Strnková, Šárka Nedomová, Jaroslav Buchar
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1873-1880 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061873
An experimental system has been used to generate the impact force, measure the response wave signal, and analyse the frequency spectrum for physical property of Ostrich eggshell. The effects of excitation point, detected point and impact intensity on the eggshell response to a light mechanical impact were analysed. The aim of this study consists in the evaluation of the main vibration properties which can be used for the detection of cracks in the eggshell. Four variables were investigated to determine if they are significant for classifying eggs by setting up relationship x- and y-coordinates, including the first dominant resonance frequency, the...
Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on stability of three kinds of bread
Václav Vlášek, Jitka Langová, Jiří Štencl
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1881-1887 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061881
The study evaluates effect of ordinary and modified atmosphere N2 and CO2 on bread packaging and changes of selected bread parameters, moisture content (MC) and water activity (Aw), in real storage time. MC has a significant influence on physical properties of bread and Aw characterizes its microbiological stability. Both parameters are functionally dependent. Manometric method was used for measurement of Aw and gravimetric method was used for measurement of MC. Samples of three kinds of bread, gluten-free, Šumava bread, and Bavorský bread, packaged into barrier wrappers, were stored at the room temperature of 20 °C. MC and Aw...
Influence of roughness of machined surface on adhesion of anticorrosion system
Jiří Votava
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1889-1896 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061889
The goal of this experiment is to analyse dependence of roughness of machined surface on adhesion performance of various anticorrosion systems. In order to prepare samples for the experiment, samples were milled on a knee and column type of a horizontal milling machine. Depending on cutting conditions and machining tool, there were set intervals of roughness of machined surface which are commonly achievable on this type of machine. It is a roughness in the interval of 0.4-1.6 µm (finishing), 1.6-6.3 µm (standard milling) a 6.3-12.5 µm (roughening). Removable cutting tips were used as a machining tool and for roughening, a shell end...
Protection of welded joints against corrosion degradation
Jiří Votava
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1897-1904 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061897
Welded joints form an integral part of steel constructions. Welded joints are undetachable joints, which are however subjects of corrosion processes. The internal energy increases during the fusion welding especially in the heat affected places around the welded joint, which become initiating spot of corrosion degradation.The aim of the experiment is to put a welded joint produced by the MAG method to a test of corrosion degradation under the conditions of the norm ČSN ISO 9227 (salt-spray test). Organic and inorganic anticorrosion protections were applied on welded beads. First of all, there were prepared welded beads using the method MAG; secondly,...
Fin condition of fish kept in aquacultural systems
Ondřej Klíma, Radovan Kopp, Lenka Hadašová, Jan Mareš
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2013, 61(6), 1907-1916 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061907
Fish fins seem to be a suitable indicator of welfare state. In natural conditions there is no worsenig of fin condition. Damaged fins occur in aquacultural systems only. They are characterized by shortening size, frayed rays, disturbing of fin tissue, lesions and necrosis creation. Possible causes are aggressive behaviour of fish, inapropriately chosen size of stocking density, feeding management, diet composition, rearing system, water quality, thoughtless manipulation with fish and bacterial infections. Mostly, dorsal and pectoral fins are damaged in salmonids (not in percids). For evaluation there are all fins except adipose fin used. Lenght of...