Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2012 (vol. 60), issue 3
The analysis of long-term phenological data of apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca L.) in southern Moravia during 1927-2009
Hana Černá, Lenka Bartošová, Miroslav Trnka, Zdeněk Bauer, Petr Štěpánek, Martin Možný, Martin Dubrovský, Z. Žalud
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 9-18 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030009 
The relationship between apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca L., variety Velkopavlovická) phenophases first flower and full flowering was evaluated in south Moravia region (161 a.s.l., 48°48'22''N, 16°46'32''E). The phenological data originated from Phenological year books for period 1927-1960 and was collected at various sites in southern Moravia. During 1961-2009 the phenophases were observed by only one observer each year at one experimental site (Lednice).The computer tool PhenoClim was used for calculation of the best combinations of temperature sum (TS) and base temperature (Tbase) as a predictors for onset of phenophases....
Analysis of production tests in processing the mixture of solid and liquid biologically degradable wastes by anaerobic fermentation
Jiří Fryč, Josef Los, Tomáš Lošák
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 19-24 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030019
This study concerns the analysis of operating anaerobic fermentation systems of agricultural biogas station and implementing a suitable system enabling the use of a mixture of solid and liquid biowaste. The tests made use of liquid substrates commercially offered to biogas station operators. The study evaluates practical measurements at an agricultural biogas station in order to evaluate the biogas production from these substrates and the efficiency of transforming input material to usable energy. The use of such treated substrates for the anaerobic fermentation technology may have a substantial influence on the volume of dosed energy crops. The mixture...
Development of root morphology traits of the Czech lucerne varieties in chernozem over a three year period
Josef Hakl, Kamila Mášková, Jaromír Šantrůček, Zuzana Hrevušová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 25-34 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030025
The root system of plants is generally in relation to important agronomic and ecological characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in root morphology development of Czech lucerne varieties under chernozem soil conditions. In spring 2007, a field experiment with ten Czech lucerne varieties was established with a regular space of 125 mm between the rows. During the 2008-2010 period, the plants were sampled every autumn after the last cut in five blocks per each variety; the size of the sampling area was 50 × 50 cm and average depth of sampling was 0.25 m. All varieties provided similar trend in root morphology development...
Impact of combined management on the newly established pasture sward
Pavlína Hakrová, K. Novotná, Z. Sýkorová, M. Šlachta, J. Frelich
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 35-42 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030035
The effect of the combined grazing and cutting management on the phytocenological characteristics was examined at the submountain paddock in the South Bohemia. The botanical scans were sampled during the five-years study (2006-2010) starting after the sowing the pasture sward in the originally arable field and 0-2 years after the beginning of the grazing (paddock A and paddock B, respectively). The paddock A was grazed all year round, whereas the paddock B was grazed in spring and autumn and cut in summer for hay. At both paddocks, Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens and Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia dominated the community of total 43...
Effects of deficit irrigation and straw mulching on gas exchange of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.)
František Hnilička, Martin Koudela, Jaroslav Martinková, Lenka Svozilová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 43-50 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030043
Leaves gas exchange were studied in one cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivar Harriet F1 grown under control conditions (C), deficit irrigation (S) and straw mulch (M), as well as under control or deficit irrigation conditions and straw mulch in combination (CM or SM). Cucumber plants were grown in loose soil, foil tunnel. The photosynthesis rate (PN) and transpiration rate (E) were measured in the leaves in situ using the portable gas exchange system LCpro+. It follows from the results obtained that water deficit (PN was 11.88 μmol CO2.m-2.s-1 and E was 1.83 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1)...
Structure and diversity of psocid taxocenoses (Insecta: Psocoptera) in the forest ecosystems of the Fageta abietis s. lat. zone in the Western Carpathian Mts.
Otakar Holuša
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 51-60 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030051
Structure of psocid taxocenoses (Psocoptera) were studied in forest ecosystems of the Western Carpathian Mts. during 1997-2001. Vegetation tiers were used as a study frame. Lower units of forest site classification system (forest type complexes) were used for a classification of ecological conditions as well. Only a part of material, i.e. individuals that was found in the forest ecosystems of Fageta abietis s. lat. communities (= the 4th beech vegetation tier) was evaluated for purpose of this work. This vegetation tier is widespread in large part of Vsetínské vrchy hills, in the highest parts of Podbeskydská pahorkatina hills,...
Changes of agrochemical properties of cambisol under grassland after abandonment
Ján Jančovič, Ľuboš Vozár, Slávka Bačová, Peter Kovár
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 61-68 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030061
On the grassland (association Lolio-Cynosuretum cristati R. 1937) with brown acidic soil (cambisol) the basic agrochemical properties (pH, Cox, Nt, P, K) was studied during the years 1986-2006. Various systems of management (fertilizing + cutting, liming, no management) had different influences to the cambisol qualities, but had not so significant effect. The pH of the soil decreased after application of mineral fertilization and also in the period without anthropogenic interference. The balanced content of oxidizable carbon (Cox) preserved during the experimental period. The total nitrogen content (Nt) increased in the period of fertilization...
Effect of drought stress and Glomus inoculation on selected physiological processes of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. 'Slávy')
Aleš Jezdinský, Jiřina Vojtíšková, Katalin Slezák, Kristína Petříková, Robert Pokluda
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 69-76 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030069
Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. 'Slávy' F1) plants were colonized by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus and grown in two irrigational levels: 1. optimal water supply (the irrigation activation by available water capacity (AWC) < 65 %); 2. drought stress (irrigation activation by AWC < 45 %). In the field experiment selected physiological parameters, such as photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency were observed. The highest photosynthetic activity was observed in the first measuring date in both experimental years (2010: 7.5-8.1 μmol . m-2 . s-1...
The effect of prebiotics and synbiotics on Clostridium and Escherichia coli counts in human intestinal tract
Miroslava Kolářová, Pavla Sládková, Zbyšek Sládek, Doubravka Rožnovská, Tomáš Komprda
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 77-82 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030077
Effect of probiotics and synbiotics consumption based on microbiota of human gut was carried out in our in vivo study. Three groups, P (consuming probiotics), S (consuming synbiotics) and C (control group) of 22 healthy adults were used for this experiment. P and S groups had 10 days long adaptation phase without consuming probiotics and consequently they consumed yoghurt for another 21 days. Control group did not consume yoghurt during the experiment. Faecal samples were collected 10th day of the adaptation phase and then 7, 14 and 21th day of yoghurt consumption phase and finally 26 and 28th day of wash out period.We...
Water quality and biotic community composition of a highland stream influenced by different human activities
Radovan Kopp, Radim Petrek, Ivo Sukop, Tomáš Brabec, Tomáš Vítek, Pavla Řezníčková, Andrea Ziková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 83-92 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030083
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different human activities on water quality and benthos composition in the Ošetnice Stream that is located in the Western Carpathian Mountains. During the whole period of our monitoring, the high concentrations of dissolved oxygen and low content of organic matters were determined. Upstream part of the Ošetnice Stream is affected by long term building activities concerning railway tunnels and by the motorway along the stream that is in winter chemically treated to assure negotiability. Ski area situated close to the stream was used 110 days during the monitored period. Average daily visit...
Yield and quality of head lettuce after 24-epibrassinolide application under optimal and reduced irrigation
Martin Koudela, František Hnilička, Jaroslava Martinková, Lenka Svozilová, Jitka Doležalová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 93-100 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030093
The aim of this work was evaluation of 24-epibrassinolide influence on yield and quality of head lettuce in optimal and reduced moisture conditions and work out recommendation of 24-brassinosteroids use for lettuce in growers praxis. Field trials were carried out on land belonging to the Demonstration and Research Station of CULS in Prague - Troja in 2009 and 2011. Planting on 27. 8. 2009 and 20. 8. 2011 was done at planting space 0.25 × 0.30 m, each variant in four repetition (single plot 4,5 m2). Seedlings of head lettuce (cultivar Santoro - Rijk Zwaan) were used. Irrigation was carried out by microspraying, and was based on current values...
Optical indicators of plant physiological activity
Daniel Kováč, Alexander Ač, Ladislav Šigut, Karel Klem, Otmar Urban
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 101-110 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030101
Retrieving information on the plant physiological status from spectral reflectance is a challenging task in many ways. The easiest way to get the information is through normalized vegetation indices, that are based on a normalization of reflectance in specific wavebands. Beside the most common spectral indices such as Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI or Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI, several new indices has been proposed during the past decade as potential physiological indicators. In this paper, the performance of several of them for determining the physiological status of the foliage is evaluated on an experimental Norway spruce...
Calculation of cooling curve of the combustion boiler refractories lining with use of an experimental device
Radovan Kukla, Tomáš Vítěz, Petr Trávníček, Pavel Sedlák
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 111-116 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030111
The aim of the work was modeling of cooling process dynamics of a combustion boiler and designing of the method, which is suitable for calculation of cooling time in a large scale of temperature. Methods were verified with the use of referential combustion boiler with heat output of 130 kW. This boiler burned mixture of waste sawdust and shavings originating in the course of production of wooden furniture. For these purposes specialized experimental device has been used. Cooling curves were measured in interval from 380 °C to 50 °C and were described by using of polynomial function. The cooling time was calculated by using of polynomial function in...
Impact of fish pond manuring on microbial water quality
Hana Mlejnková, K. Sovová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 117-124 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030117
Fish pond manuring is often used in fish farming for intensification of fish production by balancing the ratio between carbon and other nutrients. However, the using of manure, classified as hazardous organic matter originating from animal faeces, poses a risk to the water environment.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of semi-liquid pig manure application on faecal pollution and related potential health risk of fish pond utilization.The evaluation of faecal pollution was made during 6 years; the microbiological monitoring was completed with the water chemistry data.Our results showed that a better situation was in ponds,...
Compositions of polyphenols in wild chive, meadow salsify, garden sorrel and ag yoncha and their anti-proliferative effect
Dagmar Moravčíková, Zdenka Kuceková, Jiří Mlček, Otakar Rop, Petr Humpolíček
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 125-132 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030125
During past decades a lot of experimental studies shown that polyphenols have anti-carcinogenic properties have been published. Their antioxidant and tumour arresting effects have been demonstrated using both in vitro and in vivo studies many times. Aim of the present study was to investigate the content of polyphenols in edible flowers of Ag yoncha, Wild chive, Meadow salsify and Garden sorrel and their effect on proliferation activity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells which has not been studied yet. Anti-proliferative effect was evaluated in vitro using following concentrations of polyphenols 100, 75, 50 and 25μg/ml....
Beetles (Coleoptera) of selected families of the slopes of Macošská and Vilémovická stráň (Moravský kras Protected landscape area, Czech Republic)
Jana Niedobová, Vladimír Hula, Pavla Šťastná, Jan Bezděk, Jiří Foit, Robert Stejskal
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 133-146 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030133
Two xerothermic localities in Moravský kras were investigated from March to November 2008. Altogether 183 species of beetles from 13 families (except Carabidae published separately) were collected in Macošská and Vilémovická stráň slopes using several collecting methods: pitfall traps, sweeping of vegetation and Möricke traps. Both slopes are located in the northern part of the Moravský kras and are influenced by pasture management. Altogether we found 21 species listed under Red list of threatened species in the Czech Republic, it is approximately 11.5% of all collected species. The most important species (two critically endangered - CR: Eumolpus...
Ground beetles (Carabidae) on quarry terraces in the vicinity of Brno (Czech Republic)
Lucie Novotná, Pavla Šťastná
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 147-154 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030147
The occurrence of ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) was monitored in the exhausted limestone quarry of massif Hády near Brno using formaldehyde pitfall traps with a monthly interval of collection. Research was conducted from April to October in 2009 and 2010. The obtained material was investigated on some synecological characteristics and species affiliation to bioindication groups. In total for both years, 462 specimens of 43 species were captured. Most species were found in habitats with vegetation cover in the immediate vicinity of cultivated agricultural land - 441 specimens of 39 species. In the quarry itself only a minimal amount of ground...
The influence of water erosion processes on sediment and nutriet transport from a small agricultural catchment area
František Pavlík, Miroslav Dumbrovský, Jana Podhrázská, Jana Konečná
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 155-164 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030155
Erosion processes in catchment areas cause serious ecologic and economic problems because of their negative consequences in terms of soil and water deterioration as well as for the environment as a whole. The soil particles washed down by water erosion are the biggest pollution factor due to their amount and volume. Sediments are the product of a selective process in which smaller and lighter particles are separated from eroded soil and taken away by water first. This means that the sediments contain a higher amount of organic, clay, and silt particles than the the original soils. Washed down sediments consist mainly of particles smaller than 0.05...
Analysis of accuracy of hunting plan in the Czech Republic
Radim Plhal, Jiří Kamler
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 165-172 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030165
This article analyses data on the reported and captured populations of red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and mouflon (Ovis musimon) in the Czech Republic during the years 2002-2006. Breeding and hunting plans collected by the State Hunting Authority have been summarized. The analyzed game population size (APS) for each individual territory, using the reverse calculation method, was compared to the counted population size (CPS) of each species. Next, the ratios between the specified population size (SPS) and the CPS were compared; and also the ratios of CPS and actual hunting...
Soil structure stability and distribution of carbon in water-stable aggregates in different tilled and fertilized Haplic Luvisol
Vladimír Šimanský
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 173-178 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030173
The influence of tillage and fertilization on soil structure stability and the distribution of carbon in water-stable aggregates of loamy Haplic Luvisol were studied. Soil samples from the locality of Dolná Malanta (experimental station of SUA Nitra) were collected (in 2007-2009) from a depth of 0-0.2 m in two tillage variants: (1. conventional tillage, 2. minimal tillage) and three treatments of fertilization: (1. without fertilization, 2. crop residues and NPK fertilizers, 3. NPK fertilizers). The minimal tillage system has a positive effect on both the aggregation processes and sequestration of carbon in size fractions of water-stable aggregates,...
Remarkable, however biologically unknown sawfly Craesus latipes (Villaret) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
Jaroslav Urban
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 179-198 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030179
In 2009 to 2011, a rather frequent occurrence of Craesus latipes (Vill.) was noted on Betula pendula Roth. in the Brno region. Part of the sawfly population showed bivoltine and part univoltine development. At the bivoltine development, imagoes occurred for the first time in the second half of May and at the beginning of June, for the second time in August. At the univoltine development, imagoes flew in the second half of June and in the first half of July. Females lay eggs into longitudinal slits in veins on the abaxial face of leaves. During several days (in the laboratory already during first three days) they lay 91 as many as 133...
Possible sources of acoustic emission during static bending test of wood specimens
David Varner, Michal Černý, Miroslav Varner, Martin Fajman
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 199-206 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030199
The paper is dedicated to identification of sources of acoustic emission generated during static bending test of wood specimen. Information on wood structure, wood failure behavior and computer-generated finite element method (FEM) simulation of static bending test were used to localize and estimate power of individual acoustic emission sources. Significant acoustic emission sources are expected in the specimen in two areas: under the upper central support (during the entire bending test run) and in the tension portion of the specimen at the centre of lower baseline (at the fracture/destruction time). Strong acoustic emission sources were registered...
The influence of changes to abiotic parameters on the fish assemblage structure of a lowland stream
Tomáš Vítek, R. Kopp, J. Mareš, T. Brabec, P. Spurný
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 207-216 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030207
Ichthyological monitoring and the assessment of 16 physical and chemical parameters of the water environment were conducted at two localities on the Dyje River, Czech Republic, at different distances downstream from the Znojmo Reservoir (at 12 and 31 km) to reveal habitat alterations. Canonical correspondence analysis confirmed that differences in fish abundance between localities were influenced by different hydrological regimes characterized by discharge and flow velocities and also by water conductivity, which increased with the distance from the reservoir. The influence of chemical parameters of water related to water quality on fish assemblage...
Trace metal contamination of the Dyje River stretch between Znojmo and Nové Mlýny, Czech Republic
Tomáš Vítek, Josef Hedbávný, Jan Mareš, Petr Spurný
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 217-224 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030217
The analyses of seven trace metals (Hg, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd) in the water, bottom sediments, macroinvertebrates and fish tissues were conducted at two localities on the Dyje River, Czech Republic, at different distances downstream from the Znojmo Reservoir (at 12 and 31 km) to evaluate a contamination level. The maximum admissible limits were exceeded in Hg in the water and in the case of Ni in bottom sediments at both localities and also in Hg in zoobenthos sample at locality further from the reservoir. In regard to trace metal contamination of fish tissues, it was found that safe limits for mercury, cadmium and lead were not exceeded. Mercury...
Development of microbial community in the course of composting of garden waste
Monika Vítězová, Pavel Mach, Tomáš Vítěz, Tomáš Lošák
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 225-232 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030225
Composting represents one of the technologies of processing of biodegradable municipal waste. Samples collected from composting plants were analyzed chemically, physically and microbiologically. The pH of bio waste samples increased from 6.5 to 8.6. The total carbon to nitrogen ratio in samples of bio waste decreased, in the course of composting, from 40:1 up to the value of 25:1 while the total nitrogen to phosphorus ratio decreased from 10:1 up to 8:1. Indicator groups of microorganisms were monitored in compost samples. Representatives of Enterobacter genus, namely E. cloacae and E. aerogenes were identified in the samples on...
Microbial contamination of the air at the wastewater treatment plant
Monika Vítězová, Tomáš Vítěz, Hana Mlejnková, Tomáš Lošák
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 233-240 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030233
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) primarily serve to protect the environment. Their task is to clean waste water from the agglomerations. On the other hand wastewater treatment plants can also negatively affect the environment in their neighbourhood. These include emissions of odour and microorganisms. This article discusses the microbial contamination of the air, called bioaerosols in selected wastewater treatment plant for 18 000 p.e. From results of the work is evident that the largest group of microorganisms in the monitored air were psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria and microscopic fungi. The number of psychrophilic bacteria ranged from...
Assessment of cereal stand structure and its changes during the growing season
Jan Křen
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(3), 243-250 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260030243
Historical evolution of approaches used for the assessment of the cereal stand structure development is presented. Weaknesses and strengths of these approaches are discussed that are based on:- dividing of cereal yield into yield components and growth analysis,- modular concept of plant growth,- use of laws of plant population biology in order to explain autoregulation and compensation in stands.The presented methods are assessed with respect to labour intensity and possibilities of utilization of obtained information. Other possibilities of diagnostics of the cereal stand state and structure using a current level of knowledge and new...