Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2011 (vol. 59), issue 1
Contour determination and shape characteristics of different varieties of potato tubers
Aneta Bubeníčková, Jana Simeonovová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 9-14 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010009 
Precise determination of potato tubers' shape and variability existing among individual potato varieties is necessary e.g. for modeling of handling and transport processes. The procedures described in the work are used for determination and evaluation of potato tubers shape variability and proportional importance of four main principal components. Ten different potato varieties were analyzed (Karin, Karlena, Krasa, Marilyn, Princess, Red Anna, Rosara, Sazava, Vendula, and Vera) and elliptic Fourier descriptors employed for description of tubers shape. Following principal components were quantified: height to width ratio, position of the...
Fatty acids profile in mechanically recovered meat from common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Val.)
Hana Buchtová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 15-22 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010015
The aim of this study was to analyze the fatty acids (FA) profile (in g.kg-1) and FA sums (∑SFA: saturated FA, ∑MUFA: monounsaturated FA, ∑PUFA: polyunsaturated FA, ratio ∑PUFAn-6/n-3) in wet tissue of mechanically recovered meat (MRM) from common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Val.), and in the case of silver carp to analyze the fatty acids profile (in % of total fatty acids investigated) in internal fat. MRM from silver carp contained (in g.kg-1) more (P < 0.01) ∑PUFA: 18.90 ± 1.24 as a result of high levels of α-linolenic...
Tensile stress and penetration test of the Red Haven peaches skin
Martin Čermák, Miroslav Havlíček, Martin Zouhar
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 23-28 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010023
Skin protects fruits against changing external factors such as varying temperature, moisture, etc. The knowledge of its mechanical properties is thus of critical importance. The paper is focused on determination of selected mechanical characteristics of Red Haven peach skin. Such destructive experiments (tensile stress and penetration test) were performed, where fruit skin integrity was radically violated. In a peach, a part of the skin is subject to external mechanical action and resulting deformation is measured and it can be viewed as a function of parameters describing both the action and considered sample of the skin or vice versa. Several...
Relationships between browsing damage and the species dominance by the highly food-attractive and less food-attractive trees
Petr Čermák, Pavla Beranová, Jindřiška Orálková, Petr Horsák, Jaroslav Plšek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 29-36 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010029
The paper analyses data on the browsing damage to Acer pseudoplatanus, Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp., Tilia cordata and Fagus sylvatica. Field research was carried out in the period 2007-2010 and analysed data came from 33 transects at 10 localities with the various abundance of game in the CR (everywhere Capreolus capreolus, on several plots also Cervus elaphus, Ovis musimon or Dama dama). Trees were monitored up to a height of 150 cm in natural regeneration under stands and in plantations and the occurrence was noted of new browsing damage. Differences between...
Evaluation of soil conservation technologies from the perspective of selected physical soil properties and infiltration capacity of the soil
Miroslav Dumbrovský, Ivana Kameníčková, Jana Podhrázská, František Pavlík, Veronika Sobotková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 37-48 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010037
This paper evaluates different technologies of soil cultivation (conventional and minimization) in terms of physical properties and water regime of soils, where infiltration of surface water is a major component of subsurface water. Soil physical properties (the current humidity, reduced bulk density, porosity, water retention capacity of soil, pore distribution and soil aeration) is determined from soil samples taken from the organic horizon according to standard methodology. To observe the infiltration characteristics of surface layers of topsoil, the drench method (double ring infiltrometers) was used. For the evaluation of field measurements of...
Mineralization of alanine enantiomers in soil treated with heavy metals and nutrients
Pavel Formánek, Katty Rosselle, Adrien Turco, Klement Rejšek, Valerie Vranová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 49-52 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010049
This work deals with the determination of the effect of heavy metals and nutrients applied to the soil on alanine enatiomers mineralization with the main focus on evaluating the effect on L/D alanine respiration rate ratio. This study was initiated because previous research works revealed a change in L/D amino acid respiration under acid- or heavy metal-stress in soil. Generally, D-amino acids artificially supplied to soil are less utilized by microorganisms compared with their L-enantiomers. Stress of soil microorganisms cause decreased discrimination of D-amino acids utilization. Also, previous research showed that an application of fertilizers or...
Impact of seasonal grazing on udder health of cows
J. Frelich, Martin Šlachta
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 53-58 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010053
The somatic cell count (SCC) in individual cow milk was used as an indicator of the udder health of cows in the mountain area in the Czech Republic. The monthly test-day records on SCC in milk of total 12,788 cows from 26 herds were scrutinized in order to elucidate the impact of the seasonal grazing on occurrence of milk secretion disorders. The interaction between the season (summer: May-October; winter: November-April) and the feeding system (seasonal grazing; permanently-indoor feeding) effects was used as a measure of the effect of pasture on SCC. The effect of season significantly interacted with the effect of farm (P < 0.001) and the...
Usage and support of geoinformation technologies in analysing the potential of compostable biomass in the Czech Republic
Jiří Fryč, Rudolf Rybář
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 59-66 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010059
In the current society there is more and more effort to introduce, to make use of, and also to develop different information systems (IS). Nowadays it is already impossible to work without support of these systems for most institution of administration, private companies and single businessmen - if they want to be successful in their activities. So implementing and using of this IS become matter of fact. Waste management is one of sections, where these technologies are starting to influence as well. There is a development and implementation of the first IS in the level of single waste generators, regions and national administration as well. It happens...
An experimental comparison of methods for somatic cell count determination in milk of various species of mammals
Oto Hanuš, Kamila Sojková, Kristýna Hanušová, Eva Samková, Miloslav Hronek, Radomír Hyšpler, Jaroslav Kopecký, Radoslava Jedelská
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 67-82 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010067
Somatic cell count (SCC) is important foodstuff, hygienic and health indicator of milk and animal mammary gland. The goal of this paper was to evaluate an ability of chosen methods to reach the SCC reliable results in various biological kinds (species) of milk. The various methods of SCC determination were compared in cow (CM), goat (GM), sheep (SM) and human (HM) milk: direct microscopy (DM); fluoro-opto-electronic (Fossomatic 90; Foss); fluorescent (DCC; De Laval). Used methods had cow milk calibration basically. The DM, Foss and DCC result relations about SCC were very close, mostly > 0.92 (P < 0.001) for CM, GM and SM. In CM the regression...
Exploratory analysis of dynamics of frequency distribution of raw cow milk quality indicators in the Czech Republic
Oto Hanuš, Libor Janů, Jens Schuster, Josef Kučera, Marcela Vyletělová, Václava Genčurová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 83-100 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010083
A consistent link of the raw milk quality (RMQ) to the farmer price is essential. The aim was to analyse the properties of milk quality indicators (MQIs) and propose a new synthetic relative MQI (SQSM) from among various individual MQIs. SQSM could serve for consistent inclusion each quality change into the price. The paper was focused on exploratory analysis (normality (N) testing of files of MQIs). On the basis of the results, the MQIs were divided into two groups without and with necessity of original data transformation (TRN). Log and Box-Cox TRNs were tested in terms of possibilities of the files approach to the normal data frequency distribution...
The effects of sample fat value manipulation on raw cow milk composition and indicators
Oto Hanuš, Marcela Vyletělová, Martin Tomáška, Eva Samková, Václava Genčurová, Radoslava Jedelská, Jaroslav Kopecký
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 101-112 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010101
Values of milk indicators (MIs) can be influenced by sampling errors and milk manipulation. This paper estimated the freezing point depression (FPD) and other MIs drifts which can cause fat movement. That is important for: - preparation of reference milk samples (MSs) for proficiency testing and instrument calibrations; - estimation of the impact of milk treatment as centrifugation in dairy plants on FPD. Five MSs (A = original milk; milk with modified fat (F) content; B = less F, C = low F, D = more F, E = high F) were created (gravitation F separation at 4 °C for 12 hours) with the same milk matrix 12× per year. F averages increased by 4.80% (122.1%)...
Changes of soil agrichemical characteristics in pastures influenced by mineral fertilizing
Stanislav Hejduk
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 113-120 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010113
Grasslands fertilizing is used for increasing of forage yields and quality and simultaneously for soil fertility maintenance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mineral fertilizing on basic agrichemical soil characteristics (pH, available nutrients) and soil organic matter at grazing exploitation of grasslands. 60 kg N.ha-1 was applied in the year of experiment establishment and 90 kg N, 30 kg P a 90 kg K ha-1 in each of following four years. Significantly higher pH (+0.17), available P (+48.5%), K (+15.4%) and organic C (+8.8%) content was found at fertilized treatment. pH value varied significantly during experiment...
Determination of some selected pesticide residues in apple juice by solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography - mass spectrometry
Andrea Hercegová, Monika Mőder
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 121-128 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010121
The performance of solid phase microextraction (SPME) for enrichment of pesticides from apple juice was investigated. Samples were diluted with water, extracted by solid-phase microextraction and analysed by gas chromatography using mass-spectrometry detector (MSD) in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). The method was tested for the following pesticides used mostly in fruit culturing at Slovakia: tebuthylazine, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, myclobutanil, cyprodinil, phosalone, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, kresoxim-methyl, methidathion, penconazole. All pesticides were extracted with polydimethylsiloxane fibre 100 μm thickness. The linear concentration...
Comparison of antibiotic resistance between ecological and conventional breeding in Enterobacteriaceae genera isolated from milk and milk products
Lukáš Hleba, Miroslava Kačániová, Simona Kunová, Maciej Kluz, Martin Mellen
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 129-136 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010129
The aim of this study was to determine and compare antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae genera isolated from milk and milk products like cheese, bryndza, srvátka and parenica from ecological and conventional breeding from different regions of Slovakia. Distance between breedings was about 20 km. In the both breeding were not used antibiotics. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested for susceptibility to three antibiotics ampicillin (AMP), nalixid acid (NA 30) and chloramphenicol (C 30). In our study, we determined that the highest resistance of Enterobacteriaceae strains was to ampicillin (100 %) in conventional breeding....
Efficacy of reduced doses of bentazone assessed by instruments based on measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence
Hodnocení účinnosti redukovaných dávek bentazonu pomocí přístrojů založených na měření fluorescence chlorofylu
Vojtěch Kocurek, Michal Vondra, Vladimír Smutný
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 137-144 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010137
Fluorescence chlorofylu je druh radiace o vlnové délce přibližně 685 nm, která je přirozeně vyzařována rostlinami jako nevyužitá část energie absorbované ze slunečního světla. Její intenzita závisí na mnoha faktorech, jako je stres, výživa, počasí atd. Metody založené na měření fluorescence chlorofylu mají potenciál stát se využitelné pro hodnocení účinnosti herbicidů, fytotoxicity nebo rostlinného stresu. Mouget a Tremblin (2002) uvádějí, že je to metoda nedestruktivní, neinvazivní, rychlá a zároveň velmi citlivá. Používá se ve velké míře k časné detekci abiotického i biotického stresu (vysoká teplota, mráz, sucho, nedostatek živin, infekce, působení...
A comparison of histological and chemical analysis in mechanically separated meat
Petr Komrska, Bohuslava Tremlová, Pavel Štarha, Jana Simeonovová, Zdenka Randulová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 145-152 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010145
The aim of this study was evaluation of quality of mechanically separated chicken meat (MSCM) samples obtained by three different separators, by means of a histological (qualitative and quantitative) and chemical examination. Histological examinations used Green Trichrome and Alizarine red staining. The examination was focused on the evaluation of muscle, fat, collagenous connective tissue, bone fragment and calcium content and on the degree of damage to the muscle fibres. Chemical analysis was focused on calcium-, fat- and collagenous connective tissue content. The product obtained by the separator 1 (hard separation) gave similar good results to...
Changes in isoflavones concentrations in cheese during processing and ripening
Ludmila Křížová, Aleš Veselý, Jiří Třináctý, Věra Schulzová, Anna Hurajová, Jana Hajšlová, Eva Kvasničková, Šárka Havlíková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 153-162 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010153
The aim of the study was to determine possible changes in isoflavones concentration in cheese made from either control or isoflavone-enriched milk during manufacturing and ripening. The experiment was carried out on four high-yielding lactating Holstein cows that were divided into two groups with similar mean milk yield. The control group of cows was fed a diet based on extruded rapeseed cake (C) while the experimental group of animals was fed a diet based on extruded full-fat soya (S). The experiment was carried out in the form of a cross-over design and was divided into 2 periods of 14 days (a 10-d preliminary period and a 4-d experimental period)....
The fat cover in gilts in relation to body condition and reproduction
Václav Matoušek, N. Kernerová, L. Máchal, J. Václavovský
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 163-172 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010163
A study was conducted in a set of hybrid gilts of F1 generation of Czech Large White x Czech Landrace breeds coming from a multiplication herd. The objective of the study was to test a possibility of using the measured traits, i.e. backfat thickness (BT) and lean meat content (LM), for objective determination of changes in the body condition score of gilts during rearing and in relation to their subsequent fertility in parities 1. At the ultrasonic measurement in the multiplication herd the purchased gilts showed the average daily gain (ADG) from birth 612.5 g, average backfat thickness (ABT) 8.34 mm, loin muscle depth (LMD) 48.83 mm and...
Microscopic identification of changes in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) cell structure after drying using high-frequency energy of the microwave band
Andrea Nasswettrová, Květoslav Nikl
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 173-182 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010173
High-frequency energy transfer represents a progressive technology with an increasing range of industrial application. One of the main advantages of microwave technology is the volumetric principle of energy transfer. Based on this fact, the gradients of moisture content and temperature are identical and when the wood is dried it helps transport moisture from porous material and it also helps and transport free water whit lumen of cells. From a practical viewpoint, microwave heating increases the quality of the dried material and reduces the necessary processing. The quality of a dry material is an essential input parameter for other technological...
Soil microbial respiration beneath Stipa tenacissima L. and in surrounding bare soil
Irena Novosádová, José Damian Ruiz-Sinoga, Jaroslav Záhora, Helena Fišerová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 183-190 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010183
Open steppes dominated by Stipa tenacissima L. constitute one of the most representative ecosystems of the semi-arid zones of Eastern Mediterranean Basin (Iberian Peninsula, North of Africa). Ecosystem functioning of these steppes is strongly related to the spatial pattern of grass tussocks. Soils beneath Stipa tenacissima L. grass show different fertility and different microclimatic conditions than in surrounding bare soil. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Stipa tenacissima L. on the key soil microbial activities under controlled incubation conditions (basal and potential respiration). Basal and potential...
Impact of reducing and oxidising agents on the wheat flour dough dynamic rheological properties
Pavlína Pečivová, Vladimír Pavlínek, Jan Hrabě, Pavel Valášek, Lubomír Bouda
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 191-198 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010191
Dynamic measurements with an oscillatory rheometer were made to study the rheological properties of wheat flour doughs and to examine how they are related to the composition of dough (the addition of oxidising and reducing agents).It was found that L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate (0.6 × 10-2 - 4.0 × 10-2 wt.%), L-cysteine p. a. (0.6 × 10-2 - 1.4 × 10-2 wt.%) and glutathione-inactivated dry yeast (1.8 × 10-2 - 14.0 × 10-2 wt.%) show softening effects. An interesting phenomenon was observed from the concentration of 2.4 × 10-2 wt.% of L-cysteine p. a., where proces...
Processing of proposals for land consolidation in the foothills conditions
Jana Podhrázská, Hana Jeníčková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 199-210 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010199
Land consolidation, made pursuant to the Act No. 139/2002 Coll., have different variations and elaborateness according to specific conditions. The hilliness of the terrain, sloping, systems of transport connecting the plots, water in the landscape, the size of the plots and number of owners are the decisive factors for the preparation of the land consolidation. They influence the possibility of changes, decisions on the shapes of the plots, total difficulty in reaching the best situational layout and transport accessibility, reduction of erosion danger as well as incorporation of elements that increase the ecological stability of the plots of individual...
Embryonic mortality in Holstein cows on one's farm
Petra Puklová, Jan Šubrt, Dušan Skrip, Radek Filipčík
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 211-218 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010211
The objective of our research was to evaluate the effect of some factors on the embryonic mortality of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in a herd. Monitoring was conducted in the course of three years (2006-2009) at a level of (9330-8970) kg/dairy cow per lactation. We monitored the reproduction parameters of 209 dairy cows (1st to 8th lactation). Ultrasonography was used to diagnose gravidity, and/or embryonic mortality, in each cow 6 times, at regular 4-day intervals between days 22 and 42 after insemination. We analysed the effect of 3 factors on embryonic mortality: age, body condition score and season of the year at the time...
Analysis of school furniture used in computer classrooms
Jiří Tauber
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 219-226 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010219
With the respect to the fast development of new computer technologies, it is unconditionally necessary that school furniture reflected this trend and adapted to it. Our use of computer technologies and utilities in teaching is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to improve school desks so that they would be fit for new computer technology. Creation of a compact set of information relative to the issue concerned, which would comprise of needs and requirements for individual pieces of furniture, represented an important step undertaken. The goal was to assess current conditions of school furniture used in computer classrooms. The analysis aims to...
Utilization of an video camera in study of the goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) diet
Martin Tomešek, Lukáš Kratěna, Petr Čermák, Karel Tomešek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 227-234 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010227
In 2009, research was carried out into the food spectrum of goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) by means of automatic digital video cameras with a recoding device in the area of the Chřiby Upland. The monitoring took place at two localities in the vicinity of the village of Buchlovice at the southeastern edge of the Chřiby Upland in a period from hatching the chicks to their flying out from a nest. The unambiguous advantage of using the camera systems at the study of food spectrum is a possibility of the exact determination of brought preys in the majority of cases. As much as possible economic and effective technology prepared according to given conditions...
Experimental determination of temperatures of the inner wall of a boiler combustion chamber for the purpose of verification of a CFD model
Petr Trávníček, Radovan Kukla, Tomáš Vítěz, Jan Mareček
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 235-242 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010235
The paper focuses on the non-destructive method of determination of temperatures in the boiler combustion chamber. This method proves to be significant mainly as regards CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations of combustion processes, in case of which it is subsequently advisable to verify the data calculated using CFD software application with the actually measured data. Verification of the method was based on usage of reference combustion equipment (130 kW) which performs combustion of a mixture of waste sawdust and shavings originating in the course of production of wooden furniture. Measuring of temperatures inside the combustion chamber...
Resistance of determinant tomato varieties to the causal agents of bacterial wilt disease
Jana Víchová, R. Pokorný
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 243-248 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010243
Resistance of determinant tomato varieties to pathogens causing bacterial wilt disease - Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) and Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) - was tested under greenhouse conditions. In tests to Cmm resistance, two inoculation methods were compared (inoculation "to the cut off top" of a plant and inoculation by three punctures into a stalk). The inoculation method "into a stalk" appeared to be most suitable. In both cases of inoculation, the highest level of resistance was found in Minigold variety. The rather high level of resistance was also found in varieties Aneta and Orange....
Study of settling velocity of sand particles located in wastewater treatment plant
Tomáš Vítěz, Petr Trávníček
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 249-254 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010249
The objective of this paper was to determine and compare the theoretical and experimental settling velocity of sand particles in the water. For the determination of settling velocity sand from wastewater treatment plant was selected. Sand is transported to the wastewater treatment plant by a sewer system with sewage water, especially in locations with a combined sewer system. It is necessary to capture and separate sand in the first step of wastewater purification, which is called primary treatment, otherwise sand can cause problems in the technological line that will have an impact mainly on the economy of operation. For sand capture sedimentation...
The changes of flavour and aroma active compounds content during production of Edam cheese
Eva Vítová, Radka Mokáňová, Libor Babák, Jana Zemanová, Kateřina Sklenářová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 255-262 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010255
This work deals with the problem of flavour of Edam cheeses, i.e. natural hard cheese with low heat curd. The cheese samples were produced in dairy MILTRA B, Ltd., Městečko Trnávka.A number of volatile substances contribute to flavour of cheese including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acids, esters, lactones, terpenes etc. The development of these components during production was monitored in chosen Edam cheese (fat 30% w/w) using headspace-SPME-GC method. The samples were taken from cheesemilk up to technologically ripe cheese. In total 37 various organic compounds belonging to five chemical groups were identified in milk and cheese samples....
Selected amino acids uptake by microorganisms in soil of differently managed mountain meadows
Valerie Vranová, Ladislav Holík, Michael Pöschl, Klement Rejšek, Pavel Formánek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 263-268 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010263
This work was aimed at determination of the effect of 13 years abandonment of previously long-term mown mountain meadows on uptake of L-glutamic acid (14CO2H[14CH2]2[NH2]14CO2H) and L-alanine (14CH314CH[NH2]14CO2H) by microbial community of Ap horizon (3-13 cm). The study plots has been located near to the experimental stand "Bílý Kříž" which is located in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mountains (N 49°30'17", E 18°32'28"), on a slope with an elevation of 825-860 m a. s. l. and southeast orientation,...
Evaluation of selected physical properties of soil in the vineyard
Pavel Zemánek, Milan Michálek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 269-276 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010269
There is registered approximately 18 000 ha of intensive vineyards in this time in Czech Republic. The intensive viticulture production is represented by high amount of working operations which are practised by using of mechanization. Frequency of passages by mechanization in interrow of descent is different by single variants of production processes. Their currently number varies about 20-25 per season. The soil compression is the highest in wheels tracked lines and middle of the interrow. If the compaction reaches over the critical limit, it can be this state escorted by weighty incidence (decrease of decree, increasing by power severity by soil...
Comparison of the seed bank with the aboveground vegetation of field weeds in the neighbourhood of Mikulov in South Moravia
Magda Zdražílková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 277-290 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010277
The processed set of phytosociological relevés indicated that at the present time the field weed associations are composed particularly of species of wide ecological amplitude. The rare and endangered species appeared only on localities usually not much affected by chemicals. Most of the endangered species of field weeds were found to survive primarily on small private farms, in the headland of fields or on field edges near the natural reserves.The results indicated that the type of crop had a significant effect on the composition of the current aboveground vegetation. There is a close relationship between the type of crop and the applied cultural...
Forestry adaptation measures at the decline of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) stands as exemplified by the Silesian Beskids, Czech Republic
Petr Čermák, Otakar Holuša
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 293-302 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010293
At the beginning of this century, particularly after 2003, decline of Picea abies occurred at Forest District Jablunkov in the Silesian Beskids. This decline is of the complex character disease caused by the synergetic effects of abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors. Under conditions of climatic changes, it is possible to expect that similar episodes will repeat and appear also in other regions. Forestry will have to respond to them by changes in forest management. Measures proposed and discussed in this paper can be a starting point in their basic principles for other similar regions. Fundamental spheres of possible measures are as follows:...
Action of plant root exudates in bioremediations: a review
Peter Dundek, Ladislav Holík, Ladislav Hromádko, Tomáš Rohlík, Valerie Vranová, Klement Rejšek, Pavel Formánek
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2011, 59(1), 303-308 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159010303
This work presents a summary of literature dealing with the use of plant root exudates in bioremediations. Bioremediation using plants (phytoremediation or rhizoremediation) and associate rhizosphere to decontaminate polluted soil is a method based on the catabolic potential of root-associated microorganisms, which are supported by the organic substrates released from roots. These substrates are called "root exudates". Root exudates support metabolism of pollutants-decomposing microorganisms in the rhizosphere, and affect sorption / desorption of pollutants. Awareness of exudation rates is necessary for testing soil decontamination. Commonly, water-soluble...