Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2012 (vol. 60), issue 1
Root system size of alfalfa varieties under different plant densities
Esmail Al-Mosanif, Karel Vejražka, Miroslav Jůzl, Karel Drápal
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 9-16 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010009 
The field experiment was established from pre-grown alfalfa sprouts in 2008. In 2009 and 2010, the harvest was carried out. The yield and the root size system (RSS) were evaluated in the total of five cuts. Two localities of diverse soil and weather conditions were selected. Žabčice is a dry location with a highly permeable sandy soil layer, but at the same time, with a considerable fluctuation of the underground water level; Troubsko, on the other hand, represented a location with a higher content of clay in soil suitable for growing alfalfa. The trial was established in two types of plant spacing - 25 × 25 cm (16 plants per m2) and 50...
Increasing the efficiency of sulfur dioxide in wine by using of saturated higher fatty acids
Petra Bábíková, Mojmír Baroň, Michal Kumšta, Radek Sotolář
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 17-22 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010017
This work is aimed on stopping of alcoholic fermentation to leave residual sugar and the possibility of sulfur dioxide reduction in wine technology and storage. As a very good opportunity showed mixture of higher saturated fatty acids with a reduced dose of sulfur dioxide. Experiments have confirmed that the concentration of viable yeasts in 1 ml of wine for variants treated with a mixture of fatty acids is significantly lower than in variants treated with sulfur dioxide alone. Then was monitored the influence of fatty acids on stored wine with residual sugar. At this point a dramatically prolongation of interval to secondary fermentation (depreciation...
Root layering in a tropical forest after logging (Central Vietnam)
Zdeněk Čermák
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 23-28 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010023
Indigenous stands of tropical rain forests in the region of Kon Ha Nung are one of the most preserved forests in the whole Vietnam. Despite the logging activities mainly in the 1970's, it was possible to preserve intact forests free from any primary harvesting. In the past, other stands were influenced by the logging to various extent. Some of those stands are managed presently; others were left to natural development. This paper deals with the influence of harvesting activities on the root system in forest stands. In primary stands and in stands with known harvest intensity, samples of root systems were collected. The total weight of dry basis and...
Changes in milk fatty acid composition in relation to indicators of energy balance in Holstein cows
Jaromír Ducháček, Mojmír Vacek, Luděk Stádník, Jan Beran, Monika Okrouhlá
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 29-38 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010029
The contents of protein (P), fat (F), a F:P ratio, and content of individual fatty acids (FA) and groups of FA, including ratio of SFA:UFA (saturated FA-to-unsaturated FA) and MUFA:PUFA (ratio monounsaturated FA-to-polyunsaturated FA) in milk during the first 17 weeks of lactation with respect to the development of NEB demonstrated by the change in cows' body condition. The differences in fat content were more pronounced than those in protein content. The resulting changes of the fat-to-protein ratio over time are associated with adipose tissue mobilization due to NEB, which was also confirmed by the changes in the BCS during the experimental period....
Operating tests analysis of liquid biologically degradable waste processing by anaerobic fermentation
Jiří Fryč, Tomáš Vítěz, Tomáš Lošák
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 39-44 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010039
This study concerns the analysis of operating anaerobic fermentation systems of agricultural biogas station and implementing a suitable system enabling the use of liquid biowaste. Based on the comparison of the technological solutions and operating parameters of specific equipment a system enabling the utilisation of biowaste has been designed. The tests made use of liquid substrates commercially offered to biogas station operators. The study evaluates practical measurements at an agricultural biogas station in order to evaluate the biogas production from these substrates and the efficiency of transforming input material to usable energy. The use of...
Content changes of selected mineral nutrients in mare's colostrums in the first 72 hours after foaling
Branislav Gálik, Milan Šimko, Miroslav Juráček, Daniel Bíro, František Buňka, Drahoslav Misař, Stanislav Kráčmar
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 45-48 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010045
The aim of this study was to monitor levels of minerals in mare's colostrum in the first 3 days after foaling. Colostrum samples from four warm-blood mares (in three repetitions) were analysed 2, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours postpartum. The samples were obtained by hand milking. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) contents were analysed in each sample. Non-significant decrease of postpartum Ca and Na contents was found in the analysed samples. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in P content were detected between 2 and 36 hours postpartum....
The effect of a supplement of chromium (picolinate) on the level of blood glucose, insulin activity and changes in laboratory evaluation of the ejaculate of breeding boars
Pavel Horký, Petra Jančíková, Ladislav Zeman
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 49-56 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010049
The experiment was based on feeding the organic form of chromium (picolinate) and the assessment of its effect on the level of blood glucose, insulin activity and changes in the laboratory values of the ejaculate (sperm motility, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and per cent of pathological sperm) in breeding boars. The experiment involved 40 boars divided into two equal groups. Boars of the experimental group (n = 21) received 181.81 μg of chromium per kg of feed ration (FR) administered perorally, in the control group (n = 19) chromium intake was not increased.The chromium supplement significantly (P < 0.05) increased cell absorption...
Spiders (Araneae) of selected sinkholes of Moravský kras Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic)
Vladimír Hula, Ondřej Košulič, Pavla Šťastná
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 57-70 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010057
In this study, we present faunistic data about spiders in selected sinkholes of northern part of Moravský kras Protected Landscape Area. Time of collection was established in the following terms: 24 March 2010 - 22 September 2010. We collected altogether 5742 adult specimens which were determined to 59 species of 14 families. We found two very rare spiders (critically endangered Porrhomma errans and endangered Walckenaeria monoceros) and several interesting, rarely collected bioindicator species (Alopecosa trabalis, Mecopisthes silus, Zelotes longipes). From the bioindicative evaluation point of view, 44% of found...
Effect of parity and stage of lactation on milk yield, composition and quality of organic sheep milk
Šárka Králíčková, Michaela Pokorná, Jana Kuchtík, Radek Filipčík
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 71-78 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010071
Effect of parity (PA), stage of lactation (SL) and interaction of PA x SL on daily milk yield (DMY), composition (contents of total solids, fat, total protein and lactose) and quality (somatic cell and bacteria counts) of organic sheep milk were evaluated using 20 ewes of East Friesian which were reared on an organic farm in Habří. Ewes were on the 2nd (n = 10) and 3rd (n = 10) lactation. During the experiment ewes were reared on permanent pasture. The milk records and samplings were carried out on average 75th, 132th and 190th day of lactation. All parameters were determined by standard methods....
Microclimate in the vertical profile of wheat, rape and maize canopies
Zdeněk Krédl, T. Středa, R. Pokorný, M. Kmoch, J. Brotan
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 79-90 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010079
The differences of air temperature and relative air humidity in wheat, rape and maize canopies at three heights (ground level, effective canopy height and 2 meters above the soil surface), and their comparison with the temperature values of the nearest standard climatological station at the height of 2 meters were studied. The microclimatic data were obtained at the field trial station of the Mendel University in Brno in the Žabčice municipality (South Moravia) in the canopies of winter wheat, winter rape and maize and from the standard climatological station located immediately next to the canopies. It was found, that wheat, rape and maize canopies...
Digestate is equal or a better alternative to mineral fertilization of kohlrabi
Tomáš Lošák, Ludmila Musilová, Andrea Zatloukalová, Monika Szostková, Jaroslav Hlušek, Jiří Fryč, Tomáš Vítěz, Martin Haitl, Eduardo von Bennewitz, Anna Martensson
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 91-96 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010091
In a one-year vegetation pot experiment, we compared the effect of digestate from a biogas station and mineral fertilisers on yield and quality parameters of kohlrabi, variety Segura F1. Four treatments were used in the trial: 1) untreated control, 2) urea, 3) digestate, 4) urea, triple super phosphate, KCl, MgSO4. The N dose was the same in treatments 2-4, 1.5 g N/pot. In treatment 4 the P, K and Mg doses corresponded to those supplied in the digestate treatment (3).The weight of single kohlrabi bulbs in the unfertilised control was significantly lower (36.2%) than in the urea treatment (100%) and the other fertilised treatments. After...
An assessment of differences in the ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of crude protein in brewer's grains and maize draff
Vladimír Majer, Pavel Veselý
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 97-104 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010097
The submitted thesis aims to assess the differences between the ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of crude protein contained in brewer's grains (BG) and maize draff (AMG). The effectiveness of ruminal degradability was tested using the "in sacco" method on 3 dry Holstain cows fitted with rumen cannulas. The dynamics of ruminal degradability of crude protein (CP) was detected after 0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours of samples incubation in the rumen. The intestinal digestibility of crude protein undegradable in the rumen was determined using the "mobile bag" method on 3 dry Holstain cows fitted with duodenal cannulas. The crude protein degradability...
Selection of the best method for vegetative propagation of mature Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. trees resistant to Phytophthora alni
Kateřina Novotná, Petra Štochlová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 105-110 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010105
Although alder is readily propagated by seeds our objective was to examine the feasibility of propagating mature Alnus glutinosa (L.) trees by vegetative means that could be used to propagate trees resistant to Phytophthora alni. Both softwood and hardwood cuttings were taken. In the case of hardwood cuttings, two different treatments, based on differences in temperature, two growth stimulators (NAA, IBA) and rooting conditions, were tested. Rooting success rate was low, with only 1.3 to 5 % of treated cuttings rooting, in comparison with 0 to 1.3 % of the untreated control cuttings. In the case of softwood cuttings, two treatments were...
Growth of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) on originally agricultural land in the region of the White Carpathians
Jaroslav Simon, Zdeněk Adamec
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 111-116 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010111
At the Ploščiny-Triangl locality belonging to the northernmost part of the CHKO Bílé Karpaty (Protected Landscape Area White Carpathians), altitude 739 m, typological unit - Nutrient Rich Fir-Beech Forest, comparative analysis was carried out of selected biometrical quantities of the time series of stands originated on former agricultural land and stands originated by the alternation of forest generations. On the basis of examinations it is possible to formulate following conclusions:* the height increment culmination occurs at stands originated on former agricultural land earlier, viz. at an age of about 20 years;* on the other hand, the culmination...
Erosion potential of snow cover in the Czech Republic
Hana Středová, František Toman
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 117-124 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010117
Amount of water derived from snow and melting rate can be collectively described as the erosion potential of water accumulated in the snow. The erosion potential of snow was calculated for thirty cold periods i.e. 1st November to 30th April (1980/1981 to 2009/2010) based on climatilogical data of fifty stations of Czech hydrometerological station from different climatic conditions according to Climatic region of Estimated Pedological Ecological Unit. Snow erosive potential statistically significantly depends on altitude (r = 0.726**, α = 0.01) and also on climatic region (r = 0.790**, α = 0.01). Mapping expression...
Quality evaluation of rapeseed oils used as engine fuels
Marek Světlík
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 125-136 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010125
Samples from six reference decentralised facilities and one industrial production unit of rapeseed oils were taken for the evaluation of the influence of production processes to the properties specified in the technical standard; in the laboratories, the properties limited by the standard for rapeseed oils were determined. In addition, long-term monitoring of changes in the oxidation stability in the storage test of rapeseed oils additived in the quantities of 200, 400 and 600 mg.kg-1 of the Baynox antioxidant was started. The results confirmed that the critical points in the rapeseed oil production process consist in the contamination with...
Methodology of the cam mechanism design of rotary rakes
Vladimír Šmíd, Stanislav Bartoň
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 137-144 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010137
This paper describes the method of derivation of mathematical description of a cam orbit in rotary rakes (hay aggregators). At first, the authors describe basic construction elements of the rotary hay rake mechanism and their mutual links and relationships. Thereafter, they define the origin and the orientation of the system of coordinates, in which all calculations are carried out. In the next step they define basic requirements concerning the assurance of an optimum functioning of cam mechanisms as well as their transformation into mathematical equations. These requirements represent a base for the mathematical formulation of an optimum transition...
Biology of Byctiscus populi (L.) (Coleoptera, Attelabidae). Part I. Last year's imagoes
Jaroslav Urban
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 145-154 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010145
The biology of Byctiscus populi (L.) was studied on Populus tremula L. in Forest District Bílovice nad Svitavou (former district of Brno-venkov) in the period 2007 to 2009. Last year's imagoes occurred there from the third decade of April until the end of July. Females lived in the laboratory on average 1.5 months and damaged 7.2 to 19.2 cm2 leaves. In nature, females live on average two months. They produce 20 to 30 leafrolls and lay 30 to 41 eggs. Every day, they roll up 0 to 4 (on average 0.4) leafrolls and lay 0 to 6 (on average 0.8) eggs. They lay 0 to 4 (on average 1.3) eggs into one leafroll, in the laboratory 0 to 8...
Biology of Byctiscus populi (L.) (Coleoptera, Attelabidae). Part II. Leafrolls, larvae and this year's imagoes
Jaroslav Urban
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 155-166 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010155
In 2007 to 2009, the biology of Byctiscus populi (L.) was studied on Populus tremula in Forest District Bílovice nad Svitavou (former district of Brno-venkov). Females of B. populi often stick ends of shoots in addition to petioles in May and in the first half of June. At 38% damaged shoots, they make rolls of more (at the most 4) leaves. From mid-June to the end of July, they bite only into petioles and make rolls of one leaf. The leafrolls are on average 30 mm long and 3 mm wide. With the increase of the number of rolled up leaves their mean size decreases. With the size of leafrolls the number of eggs increases. The development...
Determination of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and FRAP in culinary herbs in relation to harvest time
Jindřiška Vábková, J. Neugebauerová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 167-172 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010167
In this study there were evaluated total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of 3 herbs species, that are commonly used in fresh stage (summer savory - Satureja hortensis L., marjoram - Majorana hortensis M. and thyme - Thymus vulgaris L.) in dependence on time of harvest. The total flavonoid content ranged from 2.36 to 4.10 g of catechin equivalents (CE).100g-1 of dry weight (dw) of plant material. The highest average total flavonoids content was ascertained in aerial part of summer savory colected in first harvest (4.10 g CE.100g-1 dw) and the lowest in aerial part...
Evaluation of the efficiency of selected wastewater treatment plant
Tomáš Vítěz, Jana Ševčíková, Petra Oppeltová
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 173-180 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010173
This paper is focused on primary, secondary, and total efficiency evaluation of the wastewater treatment process for chosen small wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located near the Moravian Karst. Eight wastewater samples were taken during one year in three sampling profiles of WWTP: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), pH, ammonia nitrogen (N-NH4), nitrite nitrogen (N-NO2), nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3), inorganic nitrogen (Ninorg), total phosphorus (Ptotal). Treatment efficiency by reduction was calculated for all laboratory analyzed indicators and...
Anticorrosion protection of strength bolts
Jiří Votava
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 181-188 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010181
Corrosion damage may, from the technical point of view, cause changes in mechanical and physical characteristics in particular, at the same time it may also cause changes in surface geometry. These aspects are likely to manifest themselves in all steel parts. The presented study looks at corrosion protection in bolts and bolt connections protected by metal coating based on zinc.Four different types of passivation, easily accessible on the Czech market, have been selected for this experiment. They are as follows: first, galvanic plating using white zinc; second, galvanic plating using yellow zinc; third, hot dip galvanizing; fourth, specific type...
Application of epidemiological information system (EPIS) in the Slovak Republic within the surveillance of salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis outbreaks in the European union (2001-2010)
Lucia Zeleňáková, Jana Žiarovská, Stanislav Kráčmar, Ladislav Mura, Dagmar Kozelová, Ľubomír Lopašovský, Simona Kunová, Katarína Tináková
Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2012, 60(1), 189-200 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010189
The aim of the work was to analyze the changes in the epidemiology of salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis diseases in Slovakia over the past 10 years and evaluate them in the context of epidemiological changes comparing to the EU. Salmonellosis (A020) and campylobacteriosis (A045) belong to the diseases with the highest morbidity in Slovakia. For the period 2001-2010 was reported in Slovakia 109 304 salmonellosis cases in human and 3 327 cases of Salmonella carriage. The five-year EU-trend (2005-2009) showed a statistically significant decrease of salmonellosis disease (with a mean reduction of 12% per year). Campylobacteriosis remains a long...