Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(5), 431-440 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058050431

Tolerance k chloróze vyvolané vápnem a k suchu u podnoží pro révu vinnou

Pavel Pavloušek
Ústav vinohradnictví a vinařství, Mendelova univerzita v Brně, Valtická 337, 691 44 Lednice, Česká republika

Optimalizace vztahu mezi révou vinnou a podmínkami stanoviště je základem úspěšného pěstování révy vinné. Kořenový systém révy vinné vytváří podnož, a proto je důležitá adaptace podnože na podmínky stanoviště. Nejdůležitějšími faktory, které je třeba zohlednit při výběru podnože, je adaptace na obsah vápna v půdě a sucho. Tento literární přehled popisuje příznaky, důvody výskytu a toleranci podnoží k chloróze vyvolávané vápnem. Vysoký obsah vápna v půdě se podílí na blokování příjmu železa kořenovým systémem a dochází k výskytu chlorózy vyvolané vápnem na keři. Chloróza významně ovlivňuje výnos a kvalitu hroznů. V souvislosti s klimatickými změnami se stále častěji objevuje ve vinicích České republiky poškození suchem. Toleranci révy vinné k suchu je možné ovlivňovat ošetřováním půdy ve vinici nebo doplňkovou závlahou. Rozhodujícím faktorem je však opět podnož a architektura kořenového systému. Literární přehled proto uvádí vlastnosti, které ovlivňují toleranci révy vinné k suchu a toleranci jednotlivých podnoží k suchu. Shromážděné informace je možné využít při výsadbě nových vinic, ošetřování vinic a výběru genových zdrojů pro šlechtění na toleranci k těmto abiotickým faktorům.

podnož, sucho, chloróza vyvolaná vápnem, odolnost, vápno

Lime-induced chlorosis and drought tolerance of grapevine rootstocks

Due to the expansion of phylloxera into European vineyards rootstocks became an integral part of successful modern growing of grapevine. Breeding of rootstocks and their selection for resistance against both biotic and abiotic factors can be classified as a biotechnology. In this respect, the capability of grapevine plants to adapt themselves to pedological conditions, especially to drought and a high content of lime (or factors inducing their chlorosis) represents a very important breeding goal. In this survey possible causes of lime-induced chlorosis and drought damage and their consequences are analysed. Some important drought-and-lime induced chlorosis-related properties of some selected rootstocks are mentioned as well.

Keywords: rootstock, drought, lime-induced chlorosis, resistance, lime
Grants and funding:

My sincere thanks for support belong to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic. This publication was written as a part of the research project QF 4141: Grape rootstock breeding with the use of grape genetic resources and modern testing methods. This research project was solved within the framework of the Theme 3.1, Use of the Genetic Resources in Modern Applications; Priority 3.1.4. Improvement of the Biological Potential of Plants and Animals.

Received: February 15, 2010; Published: August 6, 2014  Show citation

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Pavloušek, P. (2010). Lime-induced chlorosis and drought tolerance of grapevine rootstocks. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 58(5), 431-440. doi: 10.11118/actaun201058050431
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