Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(5), 369-376 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058050369

Účinek vybraných obilnin obsažených v krmné dávce na obsah aminokyselin v mléce

Markéta Šípalová, Oto Hanuš, František Buňka, Jan Pozdíšek, Vladimír Mrkvička, Stanislav Kráčmar
Ústav biochemie a analýzy potravin, Fakulta technologická, Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně, nám. T. G. Masaryka 275, 762 72 Zlín, Česká republika

Cílem této práce bylo zhodnocení možného účinku náhrady kukuřice v krmné dávce na obsah aminokyselin v kravském mléce. Dojnice byly krmeny směsnou krmnou dávkou složenou z kukuřice, jetelové siláže a sena. Rozdílnost v krmné dávce byla v jadrném krmivu. První skupina (krmena kukuřicí) byla skupinou kontrolní, ostatní dvě skupiny byly experimentální, jedna byla krmena pšenicí a druhá obilninou tritikale. V průběhu šesti týdnů bylo odebráno celkem 26 vzorků mléka od dojnic plemene České strakaté. Krmné skupiny byly vyváženy v dojivosti, laktačních dnech a v pořadí laktace. Vzorky krmiv a stejně tak i mléka byly upraveny pro analýzu pomocí kyselé a oxidativně-kyselé hydrolýzy. Analýza aminokyselin v hydrolysátech byla provedena pomocí kapalinové chromatografie (AAA 400 analyzátor) za použití sodno-citrátových pufrů a ninhydrinové detekce. Celkové množství dusíku bylo stanoveno dle Kjehldahla a hrubý protein daných vzorků byl stanoven pomocí vynásobení hodnoty celkového dusíku vhodným faktorem 6,38. Vysoká hodnota hrubého proteinu v pšenici neovlivnila složení mléka získaného od experimentální skupiny krmené touto obilninou. Z pohledu obsahu aminokyselin ve vzorcích mléka nemůže být žádná z testovaných obilnin doporučena jako plnohodnotná náhrada kukuřice. Každé krmivo je bohatým zdrojem mnohých a typických aminokyselin v mléce. Avšak tritikale (kultivar Kitaro) se může zdát jako vhodnou náhradou kukuřice vzhledem k lepší využitelnosti hrubého proteinu, celkovému složení mléka a zdravotním ukazatelům mléčné kvality.

dojnice, kukuřice, pšenice, tritikale, aminokyseliny Acknowledge This study was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (Grant No. QF 3133) and by the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (Grant No. MSM 7088352101 and Grant No. MSM 2678846201).

The effect of selected cereals contained in feed ration on the amino acid composition of cows' milk

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of maize replacement in feeding rations on the amino acid content in cows' milk. Cows were fed total mix ration based on the maize, clover silage and hay. There was a difference in the concentrate of the feeding ration. The first group (fed maize) was the control group, another two groups were experimental, one fed wheat and second fed triticale. During six weeks, totally 26 milk samples were taken from dairy cows of Czech Pied breed. Feed groups were preferably balanced in terms of milk yield, stage and number of lactations. The samples of feedstuffs as well as milk were modified for the analysis using acidic and oxidative hydrolyses. The analysis of amino acids content and composition of the sample hydrolysates was performed chromatographically by an AAA 400 analyzer, using Na-citrate buffers and ninhydrin detection. Total nitrogen content was determined according to Kjehldahl and the crude protein of the samples was determined by conversion from the nitrogen content multiplied by appropriate factor. The high content of crude protein in wheat did not influenced composition of milk from dairy cows fed this type of feedstuff. With respect to resulting amino acid content and composition of milk samples, none of the tested grains can be recommended as a full-value maize replacement. Each feedstuff is an abundant source of several and typical amino acids in milk. However, triticale (cultivar Kitaro) seems to be acceptable replacement of maize owing to better crude protein efficiency, composition and health indicators of milk quality.

Keywords: dairy cow, maize, wheat, triticale, amino acids

Received: July 21, 2010; Published: August 6, 2014  Show citation

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Šípalová, M., Hanuš, O., Buňka, F., Pozdíšek, J., Mrkvička, V., & Kráčmar, S. (2010). The effect of selected cereals contained in feed ration on the amino acid composition of cows' milk. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 58(5), 369-376. doi: 10.11118/actaun201058050369
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