Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2009, 57(5), 79-86 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200957050079

Virové patogeny mečíků, kosatců a tulipánů v České republice

Ganesh Selvaraj Duraisamy, Radovan Pokorný
Ústav pěstování, šlechtění rostlin a rostlinolékařství, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika

V rámci průzkumu byl metodou DAS-ELISA (Clark, Adams; 1977) hodnocen zdravotní stav kosatců, mečíků a tulipánů pěstovaných v jihomoravském regionu. Vzorky byly odebírány z různých lokalit a také z obchodní sítě. Byly testovány různé části rostlin - listy, květy a hlízy. Celkem bylo testováno 262 rostlin mečíků, přičemž 63,7 % bylo infikováno Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), 29,4 % Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) a 2,7 % Tobacco rattle virus (TRV). Ze 180 rostlin kosatců bylo 1,1 % infikováno BYMV, 6,7 % CMV, 2,8 % TRV a Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) 0%. Z 28 rostlin tulipánů bylo 28,6 % infikováno CMV a 7,1 % TRV. Z uvedeného přehledu je zřejmé, že limitujícím faktorem především pro pěstování mečíků je velká promořenost materiálů BYMV, tento virus je přítomen i v hlízách a rostlinách prodávaných v obchodní síti. V našich testech se také prokázal vysoký přenos toho viru hlízami a hlízkami mečíků.
DAS-ELISA byla velmi vhodnou metodou pro detekci BYMV, CMV a TRV v listech mečíků, kosatců a tulipánů. V některých případech tato metoda selhávala v detekci BYMV v květech mečíků a CMV v květech kosatců, zcela nevhodnou pak byla pro determinaci virů v hlízách mečíků. Z hlediska tvorby zdravého rozmnožovacího materiálu je nutné propracovat senzitivnější metody detekce, jednou z nich může být RT-PCR, což bude předmětem dalšího výzkumu.

virus žluté mozaiky fazolu, virus mozaiky okurky, mečíky, kosatce, tulipány

Survey of virus pathogens in gladiolus, iris, and tulip in the Czech Republic

The occurrence of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in gladiolus, iris, tulip and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) in iris was investigated by examining the plants by the means of serological techniques (ELISA). ELISA was applied to determine the presence of BYMV, CMV, TRV infections in both aerial and underground parts of gladiolus, iris, and tulip, and IYSV on the aerial parts of iris, respectively. 262 gladiolus plants were tested. 63.7% was infected by BYMV, 29.4 % by CMV, and 2.7 % by TRV. Out of 180 plants of iris, 1.1% was infected by BYMV, 6.7% by CMV, 2.8% by TRV, and 0% by IYSV. Out of 28 plants of tulip, 28.6% was infected by CMV, and 7.1% by TRV. ELISA proved to be a suitable method for detection of viruses in leaves of these ornamental plants, but it often failed to detect viruses in flowers and corms. A high transmission of BYMV by gladiolus cormlets was also found.

Keywords: Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco rattle virus (TRV), Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) gladiolus, iris, tulip, biological test, ELISA
Grants and funding:

This study was supported by the project No. MSM6215648905 "Biological and technological aspects of sustainability of controlled ecosystems and their adaptability to climate change", which is financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic and IGA MZLU project 16/2007.

Received: August 17, 2009; Published: October 10, 2014  Show citation

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Selvaraj Duraisamy, G., & Pokorný, R. (2009). Survey of virus pathogens in gladiolus, iris, and tulip in the Czech Republic. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 57(5), 79-86. doi: 10.11118/actaun200957050079
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