Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2009, 57(2), 45-52 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200957020045

Srovnání metod šlechtění jetele lučního podle výnosu píce

Libor Jalůvka1, Vítězslav Dostál2, V. Meyer, B. Bayle, F. Lapage, O. Chloupek
1 Šlechtitelská stanice Hladké Životice, s. r. o., Fulnecká 95, 742 47 Hladké Životice, Česká republika
2 Ústav pěstování, šlechtění rostlin a rostlinolékařství, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika

Tři metody šlechtění jetele lučního (Trifolium pratense L.) byly porovnávány na výnos píce ve dvou sklizňových letech na třech lokalitách v Bredelokke (Dánsko), Hladké Životice (Česká republika) a Les Alleuds (Francie). Byly srovnávány tři typy 46 novošlechtění, které byly získány A) rekurentní selekcí v následných generacích (37 novošlechtění, rozdělených na rané a pozdní), B) polycrossem (čtyři novošlechtění) a C) geno-fenotypovou selekcí (pět novošlechtění). Pokusy byly založeny v roce 2005 a v každém sklizňovém roce (2006 a 2007) byly provedeny tři seče. Pokusy byly hodnoceny na základě celkového výnosu suché píce. Novošlechtění šlechtěná pomocí polycrossu a geno-fenotypové selekce měla významně vyšší výnos než novošlechtění pocházející z rekurentní selekce. Novošlechtění šlechtěné pomocí metody B a C se mezi sebou významně nelišila. Novošlechtění šlechtěná pomocí těchto metod byla vhodnější pro výnosnější a sušší prostředí v Hladkých Životicích (kde byl nejvyšší výnos, i když průměrné roční srážky byly nižší v porovnání s ostatními lokalitami (o 73 mm a 113 mm); zde byl průměrný výnos vyšší o 19 % a 13 % pro B a C metody v porovnání s A metodou. Byly zjištěny významné interakce mezi novošlechtěními a lokalitami. Závěrem lze konstatovat, že odrůdy určené pro určitá prostředí by měly být šlechtěny pomocí metod B a C; a také výchozí rodiče by měli zde být vybíráni.

jetel luční, metody šlechtění, geno-fenotypová selekce, kmeny, polycross, interakce odrůdy x lokality

Comparison of breeding methods for forage yield in red clover

Three methods of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding for forage yield in two harvest years on locations in Bredelokke (Denmark), Hladké Životice (Czech Republic) and Les Alleuds (France) were compared.
Three types of 46 candivars1, developed by A) recurrent selection in subsequent generations (37 candivars, divided into early and late group), B) polycross progenies (4 candivars) and C) geno-phenotypic selection (5 candivars) were compared. The trials were sown in 2005 and cut three times in 2006 and 2007; their evaluation is based primarily on total yield of dry matter. The candivars developed by polycross and geno-phenotypic selections gave significantly higher yields than candivars from the recurrent selection. However, the candivars developed by the methods B and C did not differ significantly. The candivars developed by these progressive methods were suitable for higher yielding and drier environment in Hladké Životice (where was the highest yield level even if averaged annual precipitation were lower by 73 and 113 mm in comparison to other locations, respectively); here was average yield higher by 19 and 13% for B and C in comparison to A method. Highly significant interaction of the candivars with locations was found. It can be concluded that varieties specifically aimed to different locations by the methods B and C should be bred; also the parental entries should be selected there.

Keywords: red clover, breeding methods, geno-phenotypic selection, half-sib families, polycross, interaction varieties x locations
Grants and funding:

The research was supported by DLF-TRIFOLIUM, including by Niels Roulund, and by Czech Ministry of Education in MSM6215648905 Biological and technological aspects of sustainability of controlled ecosystems and their adaptability to climate change.

Received: November 27, 2008; Published: October 14, 2014  Show citation

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Jalůvka, L., Dostál, V., Meyer, V., Bayle, B., Lapage, F., & Chloupek, O. (2009). Comparison of breeding methods for forage yield in red clover. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 57(2), 45-52. doi: 10.11118/actaun200957020045
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