Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2007, 55(1), 7-16 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200755010007

Vliv uhelných popelů na úroveň výnosu a kvalitu kukuřice. Část 1. Těžké kovy.

Jacek Antonkiewicz1, Tomáš Lošák2
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural University in Krakow, Al. Mickieiwcza 21, 31-220 Krakow, Poland
2 Ústav agrochemie, půdoznalství, mikrobiologie a výživy rostlin, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika

V příspěvku je posuzován vliv různých dávek popela na úroveň výnosu a obsah Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd a Ni v rostlinách kukuřice. V nádobovém pokusu se zeminou byly aplikovány dávky popela mezi 13,33 až 800 g na nádobu, což odpovídá množství 10 až 600 t.ha-1. Výše výnosu kukuřice kolísala v závislosti na variantě mezi 35,59-121,64 g sušiny na nádobu. Dávka popela 13,33 g na nádobu signifikantně zvýšila výnos kukuřice, zatímco dávka přes 26,67 g na nádobu a tedy ekvivalentně přes 20 t.ha-1 aplikovaná do půdy značně redukovala výnos kukuřice. Obsah prvků v kukuřici kolísal a to v závislosti na variantě a části rostliny, přičemž se pohyboval v následujícím rozpětí: 0,32-3,48 mg Cr; 13,45-341,19 mg Zn; 0,50-5,02 mg Pb; 1,83-22,10 mg Cu; 0,02-1,71 mg Cd a 0,15-6,07 mg Ni.kg-1 sušiny. Bylo zjištěno, že s narůstající dávkou popela se lineárně zvyšoval obsah Cr a Cu v rostlinách, zatímco obsahy Zn, Pb, Cd a Ni klesaly. Obsah sledovaných těžkých kovů v nadzemních částech kukuřice splňoval normy pro dobrou kvalitu píce. Se vzrůstajícími dávkami popela dodanými do půdy pravidelně klesal odběr Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd a Ni v nadzemních částech rostlin kukuřice.

kukuřice, výnos, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, popel, zemina

The effect of hard coal ashes on the amount and quality of maize yield. Part 1. Heavy metals

The studies aimed at identification of various ash doses effect on the amount of yield and concentrations of Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni in maize. The studies were conducted as a pot experiment on mineral soil, to which ash doses of between 13.33 and 800.0 g∙pot-1 were supplied in proportions corresponding to quantities between 10 and 600 t∙ha-1. The amount of maize yield was diversified and depending on the treatment ranged between 35.59-121.64 g d.m.∙pot-1. Ash dose of 13.33 g.pot-1 significantly affected an increase in maize yield, while the dose over 26.67 g.pot-1 and equivalent to over 20 t.ha-1 applied to the soil markedly declined maize yield. Element concentrations in maize was diversified, depending on the treatment and plant part, and fluctuated from 0.32-3.48 mg Cr; 13.45-341.19 mg Zn; 0.50-5.02 mg Pb; 1.83-22.10 mg Cu; 0.02-1.71 mg Cd and 0.15-6.07 mg Ni∙kg-1d.m. It was found that with increasing ash dose Cr and Cu content increased systematically, whereas Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni concentrations in maize decreased. The content of investigated heavy metals in maize aboveground parts fulfilled the norms for good quality fodder. Under the influence of growing ash doses added to the soil a regularly declining Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni uptake by maize aboveground parts was observed.

Keywords: maize, yield, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, ash, mineral soil
Grants and funding:

This study was supported by the Research plan No. MSM6215648905 "Biological and technological aspects of sustainability of controlled ecosystems and their adaptability to climate change", which is financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic.

Received: January 23, 2007; Published: November 30, 2014  Show citation

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Antonkiewicz, J., & Lošák, T. (2007). The effect of hard coal ashes on the amount and quality of maize yield. Part 1. Heavy metals. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 55(1), 7-16. doi: 10.11118/actaun200755010007
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