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In 1973 was proclaimed the Hybridization program within pig breeding in Czechoslovakia. It was aimed at improving better pork quality and increasing higher nutrition value through meat specialization hybrids. Duroc, Hampshire, Pietrain and Landrace breeds were using in hybridization. Proclaiming the new form meat commercializing of pigs should to ensure better interest of breeders on producing meat specialized hybrids. This form was initiated in EEC since 1985 and Czechoslovakia was prepared to ensure authorized grading assessment methods slaughter-pigs. Since March 2004 the Czech Republic is a member state of the European Union with harmonized legislation similir to EU legislature. New instruments as FOM, Ultra-FOM, ZP and HGP 4 were purchased. There SEUROP system were established. Submitted study observes quality development slaughtering pigs since the nineties to present. Pork quality was increased more rapidly than expected and in 2007 was reached the estimated level in 2010. Examples of grading methods in monitored periods is mentioned and particular effects commented.

Influence of two varieties of peas and faba bean on performance was observed in grow experiment. Varieties of legumes were different in antinutritive factors levels. ZEKON (peas) and MISTRAL (faba bean) are low tannin varieties, GOTIK (peas) and MERKUR (faba bean) are traditional varieties with high level of antinutritive substances. Experiment was finished in 40 days of age. There were used 900 broilers allotted to 9 groups (100 animals in group). Peas and faba bean was dose to feed mixture on level adequate to 30 g of crude protein per kilogram of feed mixture, the rest of crude protein needed in feed mixture was covered by soya bean meal. The best results in final weight achieved group with GOTIK (2476.7 ± 270.8 g), the second was group ZEKON (2456.7 ± 247.2 g), than MISTRAL in combination with peas (2454.7 ± 268.5 g), MERKUR (2416.9 ± 266.1 g), ZEKON in combination with faba bean (2410,7 ± 297.8 g) and MISTRAL group achieved 2405.6 ± 336.4 g of final weight. The rest of groups was belong 2400 g of body weight: control group 2370.1 ± 249.2 g, GOTIK in combination with peas 2302.9 ± 253.1 g and the worst result had group MERKUR in combination with peas (2258.8 ± 259.4 g). The differences were significant.

The plant additives and their functional components can selectively influence the intestinal microorganism growth in positive or negative direction. If the growth promotion relates with positive microorganisms and growth elimination is connected with pathogens the results is nutrients utilization improvement, stimulation of immunologic system or positive influence of intermedial metabolism. Anethole is one of these important plant metabolites. There are described following positive effects of anethole in human medicine: vasorelaxant, antithrombotic, releasing of heart function, fytoestrogenic (it mean improving of milk secretion, menstruation, promotion of menses, birth improvement, men's hormonal changes improving, sexual libido improving), antioxidative, antifungal, improvement of derma permeability, antihelmintic, insecticidal, yeast elimination, antibacterial, antipyretic.
In our work the effect of anise and fennel essential oils on nutrients utilization in pig experiment was evaluated. The trial was organized in accredited experimental stable Žabčice of Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno. The high level efficiency of experimental animals is mentioned through general parameters (average daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion). The results of nutrients utilization rate show slightly higher digestibility of nutrients in treatment with anise oil, this improvement is not higher then 1.0 %. We can see also improvement of nitrogen retention in body mass on level of 5.6 % (anise treatment compared with control group). There is low variability between experimental animals (except nitrogen retention coefficient) but we can not see any statistical significance. On base of these results we can say the used phytogenic additives do not affect negatively the nutrient utilization in used concentration (0.1 % of essential oil in feed mixture) and are fully eligible for animal nutrition. These results are also supported by few research papers connected with similar topic.

Using a progressive Information Technology for development of Software Modules for Enterprise Information Systems brings a lot of practical and theoretical problems. One of them is a verification of results achieved in Life Cycle Stages. Object Oriented Analysis has the main position in the Object Life Cycle of Information Systems. It gives fundamental diagrams that will be processed in the Design and Implementation phases. We mention diagrams for enterprise processes and their refining to enterprise transaction diagrams. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been very often used to enterprise processes and transactions modeling. There is one of very practical and theoretical problems concerning enterprise processes - their internal consistency that can be observed on the level of object transactions. We have in mind such problem as transaction feasibility and object cooperation feasibility in transactions that are strongly bound with states of objects. Therefore, a testing of object complex transactions before their programming appears to be very useful activity.
This article introduces a formal description of the object cooperation logic. Therefore there is defined not only an elementary transaction feasibility but also an elementary object cooperation feasibility. It enables to search the feasibility of certain strings of elementary transactions and elementary object collaborations. One string of elementary transactions is very often regarded as a path. There are found two different systems of state logical equations. The first describes path transaction feasibility and the second path object cooperation feasibility. The functional correctness of any complex transaction is founded on a functional correctness of all its paths.

This paper describes alternative approach to analysis of customers profitability based just on volume of purchased goods. By including average distance of customers' distributional places as additional criteria for profitability analysis and using cluster analysis as a method for ranking customers is proven that assessing of customers' profitability can be more accurate.
This approach to evaluation of customers' profitability changes order of customers listed acordingly to profit they generate. In fact it shows that in business terms is room for improvement and harmonisation of relationship among some business partners in certain cases. Recalculation of business conditions which comes from detailed analysis can bring either increase of competitiveness by price reduction or increase of incomes by rising price of goods.

The paper is focused on the performance measurement of the Support and Guarantee Fund for Farmers and Forestry (SGFFF) as a main instrument of a capital reinforcement of the Czech agricultural enterprises restructuring during the last ten years. New possibilities shaped up by the CAP exercise are evaluated as well. The principles of the SGFFF function from the point of view of agricultural restructuring and regional allocation of the financial resources as well as the reason why subsidy of the supported loans' interest rates have been employed are cleared up there. Results are discussed upon an analysis of the Fund activity. According to results of the analysis, it can be claimed that the Fund has became an important part of supports for agricultural sector. From the point of view of criterions of regional allocation of financial resources there was found out the level of supports has not been derived from the different natural and soil quality. The economic results and a high level of the prospectus have been used as main criterions for the decision-making system. The activity of SGFFF continues within the State Aid in the framework of the CAP EU and so that the loans for farmers are still more available for restructuring of the Czech agriculture and improving of its competitiveness.

This article deals with the change of mechanical properties of the Spruce wood (Picea abies L. Karst.) which was exposed to the attack of the wood-destroying fungus Serpula lacrymans Schröter.
An activity of the wood-destroying fungus has negattive effect on the wood and its properties. Growth of the wood-destroying fungus causes degradation of the chemical components of wood. Due to this the mechanical properties are changed and strength of the degraded wood is decreasing with extend of the activity time of the wood-destroying fungus. Together with this Serpula lacrymans Schröter causes the weight-shortage.
For tests in this article have been chosen the times of one, two and three months of the wood-destroying fungus attack. And then have been established weight-shortage and determined the strength of the degraded wood with Serpula lacrymans Schröter.

The content of this article is the application of the economic value added model (EVA) upon the conditions of a banking company. Due to the character of banking business, which is in a different structure of financial sheet, it is not possible to use the standard model EVA for this banking company. The base of this article is the outlined of basic principles of the EVA mode in a non-banking company. Basic specified banking activity dissimilarities are analysed and a directed methodology adjustment of a model such as this, so that it is possible to use it for a banking company.

The paper is focused on the wider concept of the income-elasticity analysis within of the average Czechs' household demand for the meat and meat products including demand for fish and fish products. Within the investigated consumer demand, the levels of current income elasticity, dynamic income elasticity, long-term income elasticity, long-equilibrium income elasticity were evaluated. Realised demand analysis was based on the autoregressive log-linear model of Engel's curve: lnq_t = -11.9878 + 1.4733lnx_t + 0.1917lnq_t-1 + v_t, which was estimated by using the CZSO-HS data from 1995 to 2000. Developed Engel model of the quarterly demand was statistically significant (F-test, t-tests, DW-test). According to this autoregressive log-linear Engel's model, the level of the current income elasticity of the average Czechs' household demand for the meat and meat products was 1.4733. The dynamic income elasticity with quarterly lag achieved the value of 0.2825. Half-yearly dynamic income elasticity of the average Czechs' household demand for the meat and meat products obtained the value of 5.4186 . 10^-2. The level of year dynamic income elasticity of examined consumer demand was 1.9915 . 10^-3. In observed years (1995-2000), the applied Engel's model simulated the depression of the level of dynamic income elasticity of the average Czechs' household demand for the meat and meat products. By using the estimated autoregressive log-linear model of Engel's curve, the log-term income elasticity was studied too. Half-yearly income elasticity of the examined consumer demand achieved the value of 1.7558. The level of year income elasticity of the demand was 1.8204. The value of long-term income elasticity of the average Czechs' household demand for the meat and meat products tends to 1.8228. The determined value implies the long-equilibrium income elasticity of this consumer demand.

The agricultural company which produces the feeding mixtures endeavor to substitute a part of the feeding dose of soybean meal (content of crude protein: 48 %; below as SBM48) by peas and faba beans coming from the own production with the respect to the economic preferability. Peas are favorable to include into the feeding mixtures when the price of SBM48 overcomes 7.50 CZK/kg, while faba beans by the price of SBM48 higher than 11.40 CZK. By the current prices of feeding cereals (at the beginning of 2008) the level of the cost-effectiveness of breeding and fattening in pigs is 38.20 CZK/kg. The integration of peas into the feeding mixtures the level of the cost-effectiveness decreases to 37.20 CZK/kg of the live animal weight at the slaughter stage. The work also evaluates the economical profit in relevance of market price of final product (pigs in body weight of 108 kg). By the end of 2008 was this price at level of 34.00 CZK/kg of body weight. The cost for feedstuffs was 17.00 CZK and the total costs for pig production in case using of self-made feedstuffs was 27.50 CZK/kg. That is way the economical profit could be 6.50 CZK per kilogram of body weight or the lost of 4.20 CZK could be in case of calculation of feeds market prices. This lost can be decreased by compounding of pea into feed mixture. In the work we determined the economical limitation for pea or faba bean usage and can be a guide for agriculture economist to make decisions in accordance with the market price of different sources of crude protein.

During last years information and communication technologies (ICT) are developing very dynamically and are penetrating into a lot of various business areas. Its perceiving is progressively changing from something rather sporadic, bringing a competitive advantage on the market, to absolute necessity determining existence or inexistence of certain enterprise among organizations able to compete.
The paper maps actual state and evaluates develop needs in area of trade support by ICT devices in czech as well as european society in general, and this on the basis of accessible statistical evidences, publicised studies and various researches outcomes and other conducting sources. It notices problems or lacks in this area and it identifies trends in its solution.
Some simple indicators and also complex indicator so-called "e-business index" are monitored for evaluating of actual state of ICT using in sphere of trading and also in order to possibility of successive identification of trends in this area. This summary indicator measures level of ICT using in certain enterprise, and integrates in itself, among others, some from mentioned simple statistics too. It is constructed from four main general subcategories, which are in more detailed way separated onwards.

In a small-plot trial with potatoes were applied increasing doses of selenium to the soil (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 kg Se.ha^-1) and after harvest were explored the content of selenium, phosphorus and sulphur in raw tubers and in the tops. The trials were conducted in two localities - Žabčice and Valečov using the semi-early variety Ditta. Selenium was applied to the soil in the form of sodium selenite before planting the potatoes. Chemical analyses discovered that with the applied dose the level of selenium increased in both tubers and tops and that the correlation between the applied selenium dose and its content in tubers and tops was significant (α < 0.05) and positive (r = 0.885 and r = 0.908, respectively). With an increasing dose of selenium the reduction in the level of sulphur in the tops (r = -0.872, α < 0.05) was statistically significant. In both localities the range of the sulphur levels in tubers was very narrow, i.e. 0.16-0.18%, and the effect of the selenium dose was not significant. The phosphorus content in tubers and tops did not change significantly after application of a dose of up to 48 kg Se.ha^-1. With the highest dose of selenium the content of phosphorus in both tops and tubers decreased significantly.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between growing degree day method and accumulation of root reserve saccharides before over wintering by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the condition of Czech Republic. In 2002-2004, the field experiment was conducted at the Research station of the Czech University of Life Sciences in central Bohemia. The interval between summer and last autumn harvest was 40-50 days or 60-70 days, respectively. These intervals were expressed as cumulative growing degree-days (GDD) for each year. The plants were sampled in each autumn with four replicates for each variant; the average depth of sampling was 150 mm. The weight of roots, amount of starch, and water soluble saccharides (WSC) per m² was determined. The total accumulation of root reserve saccharides was determined mainly by conditions during all vegetation period. The length of the interval or cumulative GDD influenced only variation of this basic amount. The GDD was corresponded better with starch content whilst WSC was more related to length of the interval. In central Bohemia condition, the GDD 600-700 °C was preliminary determined for maximal accumulation of root reserve saccharides. The GDD above this level did not significantly increase the root reserve accumulation. For exact verify of this model, other experiments in more sites are needed.

Synanthedon mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846) has been found in the Czech Republic and in Spain for the first time. The species was found in the south-easternmost part of the Czech Republic, near the town of Břeclav (faunistic quadrat 7267) in May 2008. The holes and pupae were found only in one, solitary growing group of trees about 20 years old. This finding place lies at a distance of more than 250 km from the localities in SW Hungary and about 550 km from the localities in eastern Poland. In June 2008, the species was found also in alders growing in the flat river alluvium on gravel sands between La Jonquera and Figueres in northern Catalonia. This locality is in a close contact with the finding places near Perpignan and Beziers in southern France. The diagnostic morphological characters and bionomics of this species are briefly summarized and figured. The history of its distribution research is recapitulated and the causes of its disjunct range are discussed as follows. The present disjunct range represents a residual of the former distribution over the warmer and moister postglacial period; landscape modifications and elimination of solitary alder trees as "weeds" from the 18th up to the mid-20th century in large areas of Europe; narrow and partly unknown habitat requirements and specific population ethology; an insufficient level of faunistic investigations in several parts of southern and eastern Europe.

This paper is focused on the modelling and simulating the development of the price of cocoa beans on the world market. The developed models were based on the dependence of the level of the world price of cocoa beans on the world stock to grindings ratio of the beans in the last crop year. The ICCO databases from 1960/1961 to 2005/2006 crop years were used for the estimation of the parameters in the investigated forms of the price model. The linear and logarithmic-linear categories of the price models were studied in this paper. Within the linear forms of the price models; the single linear construction and the linear construction with dummy time variable were specified and tested. Within the logarithmic-linear category of the price models; the error correction model and autoregressive model were examined. From the point of view of statistical verification and from the low value of deviation of the simulated world price of cocoa beans for the 2005/2006 period from the actual price level of price for this crop period, the logarithmic-linear form of model with the error correction achieved the best results. Acceptable results were also obtained by means of the modified price model with the error correction component. By using the logarithmic-linear form of error correction model, the world price of the cocoa beans for the crop period 2006/2007 will achieve the following value 1047 SDR . t^-1. Under the modified error correction model, the level of the world price will be 1050 SDR . t^-1.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is seen as a holistic framework for interaction of organizations with their customers. It is focused on gaining customers' loyalty through providing the value positively perceived by the customers and usually incorporates information and communication technologies in the form of CRM systems. The paper discusses various aspects of CRM philosophy and utilization of information and communication technologies in relation to CRM. A survey that was conducted among three hundred organizations in the Czech Republic (among them some major companies, such as ČEZ, T-Mobile, Česká spořitelna and others). The objective of the survey was to discover the scope and level of using CRM systems, factors influencing decisions about CRM, understanding the CRM concept, evaluating CRM benefits, issues related to implementation and others. Organizations mostly perceive CRM as a profitable approach although they do not see it as a global philosophy but rather as a set of separated tools. The most relevant argument for CRM implementation include better contact management, better understanding the customers, higher number of retained customers, longer relationships with customers and higher customer satisfaction.

The qualitative indicators of wine are also sensoric properties besides analytic properties.
The specimens were evaluated immediately after their stabilization. Of course, by the time the sensoric properties are changing and can influence later evaluation, even customers in their desicion for repeating purchase. Specialists evaluated specimen of white wines such as: rhine Riesling, Sauvignon blanc and gruner Veltliner from three locations of Znojmo winery region. All specimen weren't fermented to dry and they weren't procesed the same technology, in spite of this, the speciments were evaluated objectively as possilble.
The common parameters of vineyards were: exhibition, evaluation above sea-level and average annual temperatrature. The climatic factors had minimum differences in both monitoring vintages of growing season. A different parametr had soils, their geological origin, type of soil, structure and power of topsoil. The acquired results were evaluated and graphically displayed.
Gruner Veltliner - specimen No. 1 - this variety was covered in smell and taste by used technology. An outstanding location was a vineyard Weinperky with paleozoic sediments of neogene and higher pH and deeper arable level provides this location incommutable feature in contrast to from other recognizing vineyards of future wine. More likely geological-soil features have even specimens No. 3 and 4, which showed balance characteristic features in recognizing vintage. The specimens No. 2 and 1 had quantity untypical variety shades and they showed balance large differences both in evaluating committees and in recognizing vintages.
Sauvignon blanc - the most suitable location was a vineyard Knížecí vrch - a specimen No. 6, which lies on lighter limy soils of Dyje massif together with higher pH created nice feature of variety. A specimen No. 8 had more likely characteristics of location than a specimen No. 6. That express in evaluation. A specimen No. 7 seems less typical and characteristic substitute in evaluation.
Riesling rhine - the most suitable location was chosen vineyard Šobes by judges, which gives incommutable features to smell and taste by sandy soils of Dyje massif above river Dyje. A specimen No. 9 represented the smell; specimens No. 10 and 11 were evaluated as average and untypical. They had quite different features in recognizing vintages.
The authenticity was extended by sensorial evaluation and at the same time the outstanding locations were chosen, which can give wines of unusual quantity every year in connecting certain variety. The most suitable locations for singular type of wine with extending authenticity are Riesling rhine - vineyard Šobes, Sauvignon blanc - vineyard Knížecí vrch, Veltliner grun - vineyard Weinperky.

This article describes a comparison of various programs for the automatic supervised classification used for identification of forest tree species representation from the aerial photographs. These programs were represented by American software Erdas Imagine 8.4, Czech products LuciaG 4.0 and TopoL DMT 6.014. The study displays a minor production forest area with proportion of four most frequently occurring tree species - spruce, larch, oak and ash in the research area of the forest region around Bystřice pod Hostýnem, the Czech Republic. For the reason of lower quality of spectrozonal photographs it was necessary to use some corrections; such as highlighting pen techniques, namely Kernel Processor Low-Frequency and High-Frequency filters, belonging to space operations. Photographs, modified in this way, served for a construction of individual training sets, which were consequently used within individual classification methods of directed classification in each comparative software. Self-classification took place at the level of a particular tree species. Classification accuracy was determined by comparison of results and reference data from the terrain research.
The outcome is, that the best classification for oak and ash was in combination with TopoL program, classification according to gravity centre and combination of solation + insolation signature of the treetop parts with an aggressive shade.
On the contrary, for spruce and larch was the best classification in combination with software Erdas Imagine, classification roles of intervals mahalanobis with combination of solation signature of the treetop parts, along these tree edges with an aggressive shade.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a chemical preservative supplementation on the quality of lupine silage as compared with untreated controls. Fresh green Lupine (Lupines lupine), variete Juno, dry matter content 187.15 g/kg at full waxy stage of maturity were chopped to the legth of cut ca 30-50 mm. The crop was artificially wilted for a periody 24 h and ensiled as described above. Lupine were ensiled for 98 days in laboratory silos, capacity about 4 l alone or with supplementation of chemical preservative 3 and 6 l/tone forage respectively). The relatively mean WSC content and the low buffering capacity of lupine crop provided for a good preservation with the chemical preservative.
The best quality of fermentation process and nutritive value was found in silages with the supplement of acid mixtures dosed at 6 l/t since they showed not only a better content of net energy (NEL) and CP but also a significantly higher ethanol content, a more favourable RDP content and a higher starch content than the control. The supplement of preservatives resulted in the increased DM content in stored silage, in the increased escape of silage effluents and in the inhibited (P < 0.01) formation of acetic acids (19.8±2.17 g/kg DM) in comparison with control silage. In chemical treated silages (3 l/t) was also increased level (P < 0.01) of lactic acid (116.9±2.61 g/kg DM) and total acids in kg of dry matter (143.4±3.64 g/kg), but decreased level of pH value (4.03±0.01), acidity water extract (KVV-1221.1±11.51 mg KOH/100 g silage), titration acidity (FT-0.107±0.002), and of NH₃ content (664.1±7.51 mg/kg DM).

Experiments were conducted in field plots to evaluate the effects of three alternative dried organic, or organomineral, fertilizers on yield and quality of the early maturing cauliflower variety, 'Gameta'. Plots were established in Žabčice (South Moravia, Czech Republic) in 2005-2007. We used the following fertilization treatments: Agormin T, Agro, Dvorecký agroferm, cattle farmyard manure and solo mineral fertilizers, compared to an unfertilized control. All plots, except the control, were fertilized to achieve the same level of nutrients, as determined by the soil analyses and the chosen target yield. We assessed the following traits at harvest: weight of above-ground mass, marketable yield, head weight and head diameter. Levels of ascorbic acid, nitrates, dry matter and mineral ions (potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium) were measured in the heads. Agormin T significantly increased the weight of above-ground mass and total marketable yield. All organic fertilizers significantly increased head weight and head diameter in comparison to both the unfertilized control and mineral fertilizers. Ascorbic acid levels were not significantly affected by the fertilizers. The highest value of ascorbic acid was observed for farmyard manure, the lowest for Dvorecký agroferm. Dried fertilizers had no positive effect on ascorbic acid levels and total solids, as compared to farmyard manure. In contrast, Agormin T resulted in significantly lower levels of dry matter. Solo mineral fertilization resulted in the highest levels of nitrates in cauliflower heads. Fertilization with Agro and farmyard manure significantly increased the levels of nitrates in heads, as compared to the control, but all values were under the hygienic limit. The different fertilizer treatments did not have any significant effects on the levels of mineral cations. The dried granulated fertilizers Agormin T, Agro and Dvorecký agroferm were shown to be good alternatives to bulky farmyard manure for early ripening cauliflower. Only Agormin T decreased the dry matter content in heads.

The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the accumulation of growth stresses in a cross section of a tree in active reorientation process and its biomechanical performances i.e. up-righting efficiency and stem flexibility. Effect of two factors was analysed in details: occurrence of juvenile wood and viscoelasticity of wood tissues. In a phase of active reorientation, wood tissues close to the pith are submitted to significant levels of compressive stresses. Production of juvenile wood in earlier stage of a tree life seems to increase the stem flexibility during active reorientation for both softwoods as well as hardwoods. Concerning the viscoelasticity of wood tissues, only minor effect has been observed in softwoods while an important positive impact has been pointed out in hardwoods. Set of simulations with increasing level of maturation strains in reaction tissues indicated possible trade-off between the stem flexibility and the up-righting efficiency.

The level and structure of cigarettes taxation are very much in the news these days. In the field of tax on cigarettes in the European Union there is the question of whether specific rate or ad valorem rate should be used. The choice between these two rates depends on primary aim of tax policy in each European Union member state. The founding is that differential excises could be used as protectionist trade barriers. Decision about tax rate on cigarettes can bring some other related effects. That is the reason why European Union established some restrictions in the field of level and structure of cigarettes taxation.

Objective of the paper is to point out selected patterns of Slovak consumers based on analysis of buying behaviour. Results of presented survey of consumer buying patterns and preferences have pointed out key characteristics of buying behaviour of Slovak consumers. We're able to confirm that new business companies as hypermarket and supermarket became main place for food shopping. Totally 72% of respondents indicated them as the type of store where they spend largest share of food expenses. The self-service shop, traditional business units, is still the shopping place for 14% of respondents. The most important factors influencing selection of the type of store are closeness and location of the store, assortment and product quality, store personnel and price level. More than half of the respondents consider opening times the key service for choosing the place for shopping. 49.6% of respondents is using car to do shopping, 35.5% of respondents walk. 32.5% of respondents is using advertising leaflets to plan what to buy. 14.6% of respondents answered that even though receiving leaflets, they don't read them. 31.3% of respondents are holders of loyalty cards. Most visited retail chain is Tesco.
Currently building of large-scale business formats slowed down and retail chains try to get closer towards customer not only by reducing floor space but above all by locating the stores in the centre of cities with lower population.

This contribution is dealing with more than up to date topic. Nowadays more than one third of human population suffers from some form of allergies - dust, pollen or mites. The air we breathe the whole day does not come from outside, on the contrary it comes from closed rooms used for living. the important part of air are the negative ions which are neccessary for life. Therefore, the optimal level of ions should be maintained. Living enviroment which does not contain enough negative ions causes various diseases, such as allergies, asthma, headache, tiredness and depressions.
Increased concentration of negative ions inside a house is the basic prevention of tiredness and other diseases.

The effect of N and P fertilization on the dry matter content, concentration of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and their intake by the plant, production characteristics (achene yields, head diameter, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil production) and the content of fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, palmitooleic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic) was evaluated in the one-year pot trial with sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.). Nitrogen application had a positive effect on dry matter production and increased N intake by plants as early as the beginning of vegetation (4^th true leaf). The effect of P on dry matter production was not markedly evident until the later growth stage (10^th true leaf). At the end of the vegetation period the weight of plants of variants fertilised with N only and variants where P was applied evened out. Achene yields, head diameters, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil production increased statistically significantly after N application. Of all the monitored characteristics the increased level of P in the soil affected only the 1000-seed weight. The application of both nutrients did not significantly change the content of fatty acids.

The effect of dried organic and organomineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of the bush processing tomatoes variety 'Proton' were explored in 2005-2006. Field experimental plots were established in Žabčice in the Czech Republic. The following variants of fertilizers were included: Agormin T, Agro, Dvorecký agroferm, farmyard manure, mineral fertilizers and unfertilized control. All plots, except the control, were fertilized with mineral fertilizers on the same nutrients level. Total yield, marketable yield, number of fruits and mean fruit weight were assessed. Total solids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and nitrates (mg.kg^-1 of fresh fruit weight) were analysed in fruits. Fertilizers did not significantly influence total yield and marketable yield. The highest yields were found at Agormin T (7.42 kg.m^-2 and 6.73 kg.m^-2, respectively), the highest mean fruit weight was found at mineral fertilizers (82.9 g) and Agormin T (82.4 g). Fertilizing with Agro resulted in the highest number of fruits (81.0 pieces.m^-2). Dvorecký agroferm significantly increased ascorbic acid content in fruits compared to the control. The highest nitrates content was recorded for the control, the lowest for mineral fertilizers. There was not found significant effect of fertilizers on total solids and carotenoids. All tested dried organic or organomineral fertilizers were shown to be efficient alternatives to traditional farmyard manure. Only Agro significantly decreased ascorbic acid content in comparison to farmyard manure.

The main aim of the study was the evaluation of the quality of carcasses of bulls (n = 196), heifers (n = 83), steers (n = 39) and cows (n = 61) by morphometric analysis and cutting of right parts of carcasses. All categories under study were bred on the farm in Moravia and East Bohemia. Bulls and heifers were slaughtered at average age 661 days, whereas their average age was 668 ± 52 kg. Cows were slaughtered at the age from 2.5 to 8 years, while their average weight was 573 ± 121 kg. Statistically highly significant differences (p < 0.01) were found between length and low-level size of body of all categories under study. The best meatiness of rump was found in steers. Girth spiral round in steers was 173 cm. The highest share of meat was found in bulls (77%). On the other hand in this category was found the lowest share of bone (21.8 %). The highest share of meat of the first quality was found in heifers (30.2 %). The shares of meat of heifers and steers were comparable and ranged between 76.0 and 75.8%. The share of bones in steers was 22.7%. In fine it is possible to state that the cows have comparable share of meat to bulls, however on the other hand the cows meat have the worse nutritional and culinary qualities.

Demographic evolution in the Czech Republic is not spatially homogeneous but displays regional differences. In the set of 14 regions of the Czech Republic, numerical characteristics showing level, variability, skewness and kurtosis for 30 demographic indicators from the year 2006 are calculated and evaluated. Frequency counts for some of these have been shown using histograms. On the basis of factor analysis, five representative indicators were chosen and assigned weights, with the ranks of regions determined by normalized values. The best position was obtained by the City of Prague and Středočeský Region, with last position occupied by the Zlín Region.

This work was conducted to study the effect of five NPK fertigation levels on the growth rate of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Bruyo) grown under the plastic greenhouse using different growth analysis formulas. Leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) was evaluated in two periods (60-90 and 90-120 days after transplanting). The mean values of LAR, SLA, RGR and NAR tended to decrease significantly with advancing plant age in both seasons. In general, at the moderate level (34N-42P-29K / plastic house 540 m²) was found the highest significant values of LAR and SLA in the two growth periods. On the other hand, the highest values of NAR were recorded at the plants treated with the lowest NPK fertigation level (17N-21P-15K / plastic house 540 m²). However, increase of NPK fertigation doses to the moderate levels had favorable effects on LAR and SLA of sweet pepper plants.

The regional GDP is used in the European Union as the important indicator to the distribution of the European funds. However in the Czech Republic this indicator has had only a short history because regional GDP started to be constructed in the half of the ninetieth. The aims of the paper are to present and evaluate the progress in the process of the regionalization of the GDP in the Czech Republic, review economic productivity of the Czech regions (level NUTS 2 and NUTS 3) and finally point out the persisting weaknesses of the regionalization of the GDP in the Czech Republic. First part of the paper describes problematic beginnings of the process of the regionalization of the GDP, evaluates changes of the methodology and discusses the actual state of this affair. Second part of the paper describes the variability of GDP among the Czech regions at level NUTS 2 and NUTS 3. Alternative modifications of the indicator GDP (for example GDP, GDP per capita, rate of growth) are used in this regional analysis. Consecutively relative positions of individual regions in the Czech Republic are discussed. There are pointed out some contradictions in the Czech regional statistics in this paper. The defined drawbacks indicate possible way of the research into the future.