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This paper focuses on the type of cover and preserving agent influence on composition of entrapped fauna of Carabidae beetles. The research took place in the northern part of the protected landscape area of Žďárské vrchy, south from Kameničky municipality in rural district of Chrudim. Epigeic fauna was monitored one month from April 30^th to June 5^th 2008 - in the period of the highest activity of most Carabidae species. Traps were located in Latin square with five meter distance, using three preserving agents (formaldehyde, ethylene glycol, sodium chloride solution) and three types of covers above pitfall traps (acrylic glass cover, no cover, or wooden board put above the trap). Within the research 1123 Carabidae specimens belonging to 21 species were entrapped. The most numerous was Poecilus cupreus (915 specimens) in which also the strongest relationship to formaldehyde was detected. The redundancy analysis (RDA) from CANOCO package was used for statistical evaluation. With monitored variables, a significant influence (T = 0.137, F = 3.020, P = 0.0240) of formaldehyde on presence of some Carabidae species was confirmed (Poecilus cupreus, Amara lunicollis, Pterostichus diligens, and Bembidion guttula). Influence of the cover above the pitfall trap on species range in the trap was not confirmed (T = 0.062, F = 2.574, P = 0.0710).

Regions in the Czech Republic, the same as in most European countries, show in their rural areas a considerable difference rate from points of view demographic, social and economic as well as from point of view of infrastructure. The paper deals with a proposal of a suitable methodological approach of regions comparison in frame of rural development and agriculture indicators. This methodological approach is based on multivariate statistical analysis using composite indicators. Partial aim is to analyze disparities among regions at a level NUTS 4 in Královéhradecký region in light of agriculture and the situation in rural space. Identification and a subsequent analysis of these differences and a determination of a certain sequence of regions and their categorization can be beneficial for definition of trouble shooting regions and better support aiming. In the paper is also evaluated current regional policy applied in observed NUTS 4 in relation with disparity analysis results and categorization.

Groups of fatty acids (FAs) in milk fat can have positive and negative impact on consumer health. Profile of FAs could be influenced by dairy cow nutrition, breed, milk yield level et cetera. The question is what relationships the FAs could have to quality of milk products? Relationships between FAs and their groups to selected milk indicators were studied in Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein cows (64 bulk milk samples). There were 8 herds in 2-year investigation during winter and summer season. The relationship of saturated FAs (SAFA; 66.22%) was significant only to lactose (L) content (0.290; P < 0.05). The relationships of monounsaturated FAs (MUFA; 29.21%) to milk indicators (MIs) were insignificant (P > 0.05). The relationships of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA, beneficial for consumer health; 4.53%) to MIs were narrower: fat (T, 0.321; P < 0.05); lactose (L, 0.458; P < 0.01); milk alcohol stability (AL, 0.447; P < 0.01); titration acidity (SH, 0.342; P < 0.01); cheese curd quality (KV, 0.427; P < 0.01); milk fermentationability (JSH, 0.529; P < 0.001), streptococci count in yoghurt (Strepto, 0.316; P < 0.05); total count of noble bacteria in yoghurt (CPMUK, 0.314; P < 0.05); streptococci/lactobacilly ratio (StreptoLacto, 0.356; P < 0.01). The relationships of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; markedly beneficial for health; 0.68%) to MIs were: T (0.379; P < 0.01); L (-0.542; P < 0.001); AL (0.266; P < 0.05); KV (0.411; P < 0.01); Strepto (0.260; P < 0.05); StreptoLacto (0.270; P < 0.05). The higher CLA levels were connected in this way with: higher fat content; lower lactose content; lower alcohol stability; lower streptococci count in yoghurt; lower streptococci/lactobacilly ratio in yoghurt. The PUFA and CLA representation decreased with L increase. Simultaneously some technological milk properties such as alcohol stability and fermentationability were slightly improved.

Article is devoted to evaluation of the Czech population's income situation according to the inquiry realized within the frame of the Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) project. This was carried out by the Czech Statistical Office in the year 2005. Selected introductive analyses are presented with the view of pointing at the primary data usage possibilities.
Main aim of the paper is to explicate basic quantitative indicators of Czech households' income situation in general, then in division according to social groups and regional belonging. Consequent aim encompasses the identification and analysis of the income unevenness measure by the help of alternative methodological approach.
The essential findings and income characteristics are introduced, including recomputation to the physical and so-called standardized member. In compliance with the predefined threshold the households endangered with the insufficient income level are identified. Insufficient income level means that household earnings cannot cover standard living costs. This part is followed by the brief statistical analysis of the data set of this group of households and the reference to other studies which are currently being pursued.
Conclusion comprehends the spectrum of processes and analyses that could follow, or are already worked out, in concurrence with the existing findings. First of these, for example, is the income situation evaluation of seniors involved in the enquiry. Reason is that this segment is traditionally perceived as economically weak and more or less dependent on the social system settings.

The aim of this study was to analyse the level of feeding pea on piglets performance. In the trial the addition of pea varietas breed GOTIK with the highest content of antinutritive factors and commonly used mixture (fed in group G01) was compared. The tentative mixtures contained following amounts of pea: group G9 - 9 %, group G18 - 18 % and group G27 - 27 %.
The average daily gain were: the control group G01: 0.425 ± 0.110, group G9: 0.395 ± 0.121, group G18: 0.358 ± 0.108 and group G27: 0.315 ± 0.113 kg. Out of these numbers ensues that with higher amount of pea GOTIK the average daily gain was decreasing. In the feed conversion there appeared a similar decrease of efficiency too. In the control group G01 the feed conversion was 2.02 ± 0.10, in group G9 2.16 ± 0.22, in group G18 2.34 ± 0.08 and in group G27 2.46 ± 0.18 kg. Also, with the higher content of GOTIK in feeding mixture the food intake was lower. The differences in efficiency were among the piglets' gender too. Eventhough grunters have in this age category higher growth rate than gilts, their results were worse. Our opinion is, that this efficiency decrease could be caused by high content of antinutritive factors in GOTIK.
Resulting values of gain and feeds conversion indicate feasible substitution of soya-bean meal by feeding pea, and thus decrease the dependence of mixed feed mill on these component's import in production of feeding mixtures for growing pigs.

Operation of a photovoltaic power plant by an individual is a business activity according to a special regulation. For this activity it is necessary to have a "Licence for doing business in energy sectors", which provides authorisation to do business in this sector and replaces the traditional Trade Licence. The Licence is issued by the Energy Regulatory Office, through which the Organisation Identification Number (Administrative Id. No.) is issued.
All these issues are however closely associated with the legislative environment, which is very unclear in the Czech Republic, and it is very difficult to estimate in what direction it will develop. In this connection it is appropriate to present a work definition of the term "legislatively uncertain environment". The issues connected with these topics can be divided into three areas, namely law, accounting and taxes. This environment is highly unstable for the decision making process of an individual, and it is not easy to determine whether the terms and conditions will remain as they are or if they are changed within several months, not speaking about the fact that the recent periods are characterised by the fact that the law regulations use more and more often the principle of retroactivity, and therefore it is not even clear whether the individual makes a decision in the conditions which are set at present or if he or she is retroactively hit by the changes which may be made during a few months and can have a fundamental impact on the individual concerned.

Distribution can be defined as a way of goods from producer to consumer. In wine production industry there exist several distribution channels, through which wine is distributed to the final consumer. Aim of this paper is to identify and compare advantages and disadvantages of particular distribution channels for wine sales related to a small wine-producer.
Distribution of wine to the final consumer is done through dealers represented by retail chains, specialized wine-shops, hotels, and restaurants. In a smaller scale it is done through internet sales, own outlets and wine auctions. According to the research of Focus agency, Marketing & Social Research, done in 2009, customers buy wine mostly in retail chains and decide on sort and quality of wine directly at the moment of purchase. Selection is based except wine quality also on the shape of the bottle, etiquette, and also cork (consumers explicitly prefer cork, and the screw top rather discourages). Certain part of customers - specifically those, who are more acquainted with wine - buy wine in special wine-shops. The research shows a decrease of direct wine-sales.
When using services of independent trade organizations, producers have to control the intensity of commercial activities and knowledge of technical characteristics of products. Small wine producers, though, do not have to use this distribution channel, and can focus only on direct sales. For some small wine producers, specifically those operating in the areas with an extended possibility for wine-tourism, this channel can be more suitable and effective than using retail chains. This way of distribution does not require extensive start-up investments, it is directly dependent on producers own effort, and can be done as a supplementary activity to the main source of income.
Regardless the particular choice of a distribution channel by a small wine producer it is necessary to be judged not only from the viewpoint of its advantages and disadvantages, but also by a detailed analysis of costs of sales.

Effective management and sharing of geodata is one of the priorities of the European Union (INSPIRE activity) and companies all around the world. Many different companies and organisations publish their geodata using web mapping services. This situation leads to a multiple publishing of similar or completely same geodata. On the other hand, there is frequently a problem how to determine an appropriate mapserver with the required data. This paper presents a geodata search engine which solves the problem how to access geodata more effectively. Presented solution aggregates data from the different mapservers and provides an interface according to the Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Server specification. This allows to use our solution in the standard GIS tools as common mapserver. Completely new feature is a request which allows to select map layers which fulfills specified criteria. Selection could be given by keywords in a map layer description and by defining a bounding box on Earth surface. Response is a list of appropriate layers sorted according to their relevance. Presented solution could be among other applications significant source of information for many data mining techniques. It allows to interconnect processed data with their space-temporal context.

Determination of enterotoxin production, diarrhoeal and emetic gene identification was studied in 41 Bacillus cereus strains isolated from raw cows' and raw goats' milk, pasteurized milk, dairy products during technological processing and from dairy plant equipment. Presence of enterotoxins was detected by BCET-RPLA (HBL) and ELISA immunoassay (NHE). Gene identification (nheA, nheB, nheC, hblA, hblC, hblD, bceT, cytK-1, cytK-2, entFM and ces) was achieved by means of PCR. Enterotoxin HBL was detected in 32 strains, enterotoxin NHE in all 41 strains. Presence of all three genes nheA, nheB and nheC was confirmed in 40 strains and genes hblA, hblC and hblD in 29 strains. Comparison of used methods was as follow: 1) BCET-RPLA (which detects L2 component) and PCR (positive or negative all three hblA, hblC and hblD gene detection) were identical in 30 (73%); 2) ELISA (NheA) and PCR (all three nheC, nheB and nheA gene expression) were identical in 40 (98%) cases isolated strains.

The objective of this work was to find an effective method of polyploidy induction using chemomutagens, colchicine and oryzalin, in diploid cultivar of Phlox paniculata 'Fujiyama' (syn. Mt. Fuji, Fuji). Ploidy level was determined by the flow cytometry method (FCM). Two methods of treating the explants (in vitro regenerated shoots) were tested; chemomutagen infiltration from nutrient media ("the infiltration method") and dipping of the explants in a chemical mutagen solution ("the dip method"). The highest values of tetraploid (5%), mixoploid (1.67%) frequency and polyploidization efficiency (1.25) were found in explants treated with 0.2% colchicine for 24 h in the dip method. Concentrations of 10 µM oryzalin and 0.2% colchicine for 14 d were the most effective for obtaining tetraploids in the infiltration method. The results will be exploited to other P. paniculata cultivars for breeding of this species.

On existing conditions on global market (almost identical quality, almost identical purchasing values) companies have to definite the total rating of importance of evaluative criteria. In post-crisis period the problem of suppliers' evaluation is one of the biggest, because companies had to use all resources and all possibilities to develop their own business. Many authors wrote about collaborative planning and warehousing as one of possibilities to optimization work inside supply chain. For this paper define small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) as enterprises with the size of maximum 250 employers.
In literature was read we couldn't find information about own system of suppliers evaluation for small and medium-sized enterprises.
SME can have some different types of business and in this case need the universal system of evaluation. The research of this paper is oriented on small and medium-sized enterprises with different types of business. The new theoretical universal method of calculation for evaluation existing suppliers for small and medium-sized enterprises will present in this paper. This theoretical method is based on average values. This method includes traditional evaluative criteria (quality, delivery time) and other (mobility of supplier, possibilities of new level of partnership). This method of evaluation can not be used for continual manufacture. New method can improve the total evaluation of supplier in small and medium-sized enterprises.

This article deals with the issue of a methodology for and analyzing biomass potential in the Czech Republic using a geographic information system. The biomass sources considered include cereal and rape straw, permanent grasslands and forest residuals. The process of assessing biomass potential from agricultural soils is based on assigning yields of individual biomass sources according to the production soil-ecological units (BPEJ) which were created for better agricultural planning in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The analysis of energy crop suitability is based on the evaluation of crop yields related to individual BPEJ's respectively to its component the main soil climate units (HPKJ). To ascertain the production potential of residual biomass (straw) from conventional agriculture, the wheat (grain) yield related to HPKJ was multiplied by the straw coefficient. The yield of the permanent grasslands in the main soil climate units was also multiplied by the coefficient of dry matter. The methodology for the analysis of biomass potential for forest land is based on forest management plans that describe the composition of all forest stands. Data from these forest management plans can be used to determine in detail the potential of the forest biomass in individual periods according to the plan for silvacultural treatment and major harvest of the wood. This detailed analysis is suitable only on the municipality level. On a higher government level, the forest management plan can be used to calculate a coefficient that determines the average yield from biomass in the form of forest residuals and in relation to the forest size for specific areas or levels of analysis. The energy potential of residual biomass is around 136 PJ from present area of conventional agriculture in the Czech Republic. Biomass consumption in animal production and harvest loses were deducted from this calculation.

In the year 2001, the European Comission started to revise the legislation Solvency I and to implement a new approach called Solvency II. The regulation called Solvency II is based on regulation considering management of risks of commercial insurance companies. Changes on financial markets and the contemporary financial crisis made financial authorities to formulate principles of regulation based on risk management. Commercial insurance companies across Europe will face a considerable amount of work to be ready for requirements related with Solvency II implementation in the year 2012.
Rating agencies, regulators and investors today are demanding that insurers provide detailed assessments of their risk tolerance and quantify the adequacy of their economic capital. To complete such assessments requires a credible baseline for underwriting volatility. Modern portfolio theory for assets teaches that increasing the number of stocks in a portfolio will diversify and reduce the portfolio risk, but will not eliminate risk completely, the systemic market risk remains. In the same way, insurers can reduce underwriting volatility by increasing account volume, but they cannot reduce their volatility to zero. A certain level of systemic insurance risk will always remain, due to factors such as for example the underwriting cycle, macroeconomic factors, legal changes and weather.
This presented scientific paper focuses on an analysis of specific goals of the regulation Solvency II and the structure of second pillar of the three-pillar construction (similarity with Basel II banking regulation) of Solvency II. The paper was written as part of research project MSM 6215648904, carried out by the Faculty of Business and Economics, under the title "The Czech Republic in the processes of integration and globalization, and the development of the agriculture and service sector in the new conditions of the integrated European market", following the goals and methodology of the research project.

European Union deals long with problems of the two components of environment the air and the water. So far soil wasn't in the main scope of the European Union. The European Union deal now with problems of soil, where we can find question of the soil monitoring. This issue was solve in the framework of the Working group on soil monitoring (WG). The recommendations from the WG are base for deciding of the European Commission, which will have interest to formulate new soil directive. The main tasks of the WG were to review of existing soil monitoring systems, to specify basic soil parameters, indicators, to define soil parameters for each soil threats and to harmonize future soil monitoring activity and soil data.

The purpose of the paper is to describe development in de lege lata regulation of the tangible assets tax depreciation in the Czech Republic. The period under consideration was that since 1990. For the period 1990-2009 the legal state valid and operative as of December 31^st of the relevant year and in case of the year 2010 as of the state valid and operative as of June 30^th were taken into account. To obtain information on relevant de lege lata regulation, the computerized system of legal information ASPI was used. The results of carried out comparison are presented above all in tables and connected commentaries.
Even if the attention was paid only to one main selected category of property, it was necessary to approach to a description and assessment of only selected changes because of the extensiveness of the issue in focus. At the very beginning, the paper deals with the specification of the basic legal principles governing the Czech law. Subsequently the paper gives a description of the legal regulation valid and operative until 31^st December 1992 and the way of transformation to new rules stated in the Act No. 586/1992 Coll., on Income Taxes, as amended. Since 1993, this Act on Income Taxes has represented the basic legal standard regulating among others the issue of property depreciation. In relation to regulations stated in this Act, the attention is paid to the development in selected aspects. Namely the depreciable period, number of depreciation categories, determination of depreciable tangible property according to Section 26 of the Act on Income Taxes, depreciation rates and coefficients are involved. Besides, the paper follows also the main means of tax liability optimization due the course of the period under consideration.
After consideration of acquired results, one can observe that the most changes were realized on the level of relevant provisions of the Act on Income Taxes during the nineties of the last century. When speaking of present legal regulation, this one can be assessed as a relatively steady in relation to followed provisions of the Act on Income Taxes. In general, the trend can be assessed, from the tax-payers point of view, as a positive one. However, taking account of this conclusion, it is to stress that the paper is dealing only with a part of the issue of tangible property depreciation. For deeper analysis it seems to be useful to include other aspects, such as e. g. assessment of impact of changes in legal regulations in question on the tax base.

Proactive approach to risk management of agriculture companies is the way to ensure the efficiency of agricultural production even affected by natural disasters, to ensure the continuity of agricultural business and ultimately affect the level of development of rural regions. The instrument that solves the problem of reduction and elimination of risks associated with agricultural production is a systemic approach to the insurance of agricultural production, both crop insurance and livestock insurance, linked to a support program for SME in agriculture.
This presented paper aims to identify and discuss the possibility of eliminating risks possibly threatening the agricultural production and to analyze forms of covering risks associated with agricultural production on the commercial insurance market in the Czech Republic. The paper analyzes the current situation and current development of the agricultural insurance on the insurance market in the Czech Republic.
This paper was written as a part of the research project MSM 6215648904, carried out by the Faculty of Business and Economics, under the title "The Czech economics in the processes of integration and globalization, and the development of the agriculture and service sector in the new conditions of the integrated European market", following the goals and methodology of the research project.

Risk is the one of basic and inevitable characteristics of every human activity. In connection with business activities, it is the factor that is not possible to entirely eliminate. The fact that it is possible only to minimize a risk, respectively to minimize its negative consequences at certain conditions fulfilment is one o the risk specifications.
The problem of risk classification is seriously wide. In scientific literature, various categorisations of risk are described and discussed while the categorisation is usually based on the purpose of presented classification.
Risk categorisation represents the file of a risk into the one of existing categories constructed on the basis of parameters of classified risks. In the work, the authors summarize the theoretical backgrounds of risk categorisation, and it is especially in consequences of risk connected with business activities.
The objective of the article is to provide the synthesis of theoretical categorisations of risk that would be contributing to the discipline of risk management as to the scientific discipline.

The objective of the present study was to explore the effect of the level of inbreeding on milk efficiency of cows and on the content of milk components (fat and protein) in the 1^st standard lactation period (305 days). The level of inbreeding (F_x) of inbred cows ranged between 1.25 and 12.5%. Efficiency parameters of inbred cows were compared with their contemporaries - half-sisters after the father (n=2567), raised on the same farm whose first lactation ended in same year. Out of the total database (567,036 cows) created in 1980-2002 we incorporated 885 inbred cows. To allow detailed analyses the inbred cows were divided into 3 groups according to the coefficient F_x (1.5-2.3%, 3.0-5.0% and 8.0-12.5%). The database was evaluated using the analysis of variance with 8 fixed effects including the commercial type, own breeding value and breeding value of mother, average efficiency of mother, reproduction parameters (year and age at calving and interval between the 1^st and 2^nd lactation) and total number of lactations. The statistical programme SAS 8.2 - GLM procedure (Copyright c 1999-2001 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used for statistical analyses. Compared to their contemporaries the 323 kg reduction of milk production of inbred cows with the lowest value of F_x (1.5-2.3%) was insignificant; the decrease in the relative content of fat and protein was insignificant by 0.01 and 0.02%, respectively. Comparisons between contemporaries and inbred cows with F_x at the level of 3.0-5.0% showed a highly significant 407 kg reduction in milk efficiency. The fat content in milk of inbred cows increased by 0.11% (p

The paper deals with the evaluation of the preparedness of the Czech Republic and other candidate countries to join the Eurozone. The main goal is to asses the level of business cycle similarity in the selected Eurozone member and candidate countries using the Concordance index. Business cycle similarity belongs among the criteria defined within the theory of optimum currency areas. The first order differencing procedure, Hodrick-Prescott filter and Christiano-Fitzgerald band pass filter were used to identify the classical and growth GDP cycles. The results show that the Czech Republic belongs among the states with relatively high level of concordance comparing to the other Eurozone member and candidate countries. Accordingly, the measure of business cycle concordance should not serve as an argument for slowing down of the monetary integration process in the Czech Republic. The resultant concordance measures also give an evidence of relatively low level of the business cycle similarity of Slovak economy and the Eurozone, which might imply a possibly higher risk of the asymmetric shock occurrence in Slovakia.

Technological quality was studied of wheat flours from three varieties of Triticum aestivum L. (Arida, Meritto, Verita) delivered to the mill for three years (2007-2009). Physico-chemical parameters observed during the purchase of grain (STN 461100-2) were not significantly different. Also milled flours from tested varieties have by processors required ash content, gluten, acceptable Zeleny index, α-amylase activity (falling number), but as the rheological properties of dough from these flours show, these parameters are unsuited enough (un)suitability of material for efficient processing of flour. Rheological evaluation showed that each variety is suitable for different processing direction. Therefore, if we deliberately separate lots of purchased grain, not only by basic physico-chemical properties listed in the current standards (CSN and STN), but also by their rheological properties, which are important and reliable indicator of the direction of the end-use processing of wheat flours, the flours will be more likely to succeed in specific cereal technology. For the production of bread was satisfactory rheological properties of dough from variety Arida. Verita variety is suitable for processing into wafers, and a variety Meritto for producing biscuits and crackers. Verita and Meritto varieties so do not achieved the expected values of the rheological optimum for "classic" bread processing (bakery products) despite satisfactory gluten content and falling number to use this processing direction. Reported results show us the possibilities of more efficient selection of varieties or lots purchased grain of wheat for use in baking and buscuit industry by using rheological evaluation methods. Results were evaluated by analysis of data exploration (Boxplot, scattering graphs), classical nonparametric testing of hypotheses and the distribution of the data (Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, rates central tendency and dispersion).

This work presents the results of a field experiment with tomato cv. Proton grown under water stress conditions and under well irrigated conditions. At the same time, the effects of Pentakeep supporting agent (consisting of aminolevulinic acid) was studied. The following characteristics of plant physiology were studied - specific leaf area (SLA), leaf water content (LWC) and leaf proline concentration.
The obtained results show a significant decrease in SLA during plant vegetation (from 190 to 165 cm^-2.g^-1). A decrease was also found under water stress treatment (163 cm^-2.g^-1), in contrast to the well watered control (184 cm^-2.g). LWC values ranged from 81 to 87 % in both seasons. A significantly important decrease of LWC was found in the stressed variant. Pentakeep application did not affect either SLA or LWC characteristics.
The level of proline in tomato leaves varied from 0.6 to 1.5 μmol.g^-1. The highly significant effect of water conditions resulted in the increase of proline content under water stress treatment. Although Pentakeep increased the proline content by 9 %, its effect was not of significant importance. The proline content was also influenced by the date of sampling.
The results indicate that physiological characteristics, such as SLA, LWC and proline content, are good indicators of water stress in tomato, proline content being a particularly reliable parameter corresponding to the actual water stress of plants.

The paper deals with evaluating the success of small and medium-sized companies in internationalization process. The process of internationalization is defined in the literature in a many ways; there is a countless variety of different approaches and models of internationalization process of firms. Like all processes in the firm also the internationalization process is accompanied by risks. For risk management it is important to know what the key factors of success are in the international arena. In this article is presented a simple evaluation model that could be used by SMEs to determine not only how strong are they compared to competitors, but also at what level are their key success factors in the process of internationalization. The aim was to find a simple method to help small and medium enterprises to assess their situation in the field of internationalization and to help them identify their strengths and weaknesses in this area. Proposed simple evaluation model has the graphic output from which it can be seen in which areas the company is doing well in internationalization process and in what areas is doing badly - then there is room for further improvement. Creating the model it was essential to divide the various factors into several groups and further evaluation to determine the range by which SMEs can quantify the level of success in internationalization process. Before the model was constructed it was necessary to collect data among small and mid-sized firms, and to process the outputs of the survey. After confirmation or to rejection of the certain hypotheses key success factors of SMEs in the internationalization process were selected and these factors were then aggregated into 4 groups. The model was then applied to data obtained from a survey of 40 SMEs and in the paper there are presented specific examples of graphical output of the model for the best and worst rated company. Authors are aware that the model is simple and has its limits, there is the need of much more work and the authors foresee further modifications of this model.

This article is focused on the land use development in the cadastral area Žabčice since the mid of the 20th century. Žabčice lies in South Moravia at a distance of less than 25 km south from Brno and its land area is 817 ha. This selected cadastre is part of University Agricultural Enterprise (UAE) Žabčice area and has been chosen because of the relevance for the MUAF in Brno. Dominant activity in this cadastral area is agriculture. The land use was evaluated from 1950's to the present time.
According to availability of suitable map underlays three basic time profiles (1953, 1990 and 2007) were chosen. For evaluation of land use development following materials were used: archival aerial photographs, ortophotos, basic and cadastral maps, archival documents. Field survey of selected area was also necessary. Thirteen land use categories have been identified as an outcome of interpretation of maps. These categories were compared by methods of comparative measurement of areas. The area of particular land use categories in landscape with regard to land area of whole model area in hectares and further their percentage representation were found out. Data processing and all analyses were done in GIS environment (software ArcGIS 9.1).
In 2007 (compared with 1953) forest area had increased by about 1 %, orchards by 2 %, vineyards by 12 % and the increase of built-up and other areas by 8 % was also evident. The area of following categories decreased: arable land by 21 %, TTP by 2 %, garden by 1 %. The most significant trend in the cadastral Žabčice is decrease of arable land area recorded during the whole period. Other trends are following: the increase of vineyard areas, smaller increase of the orchard area and increase of built-up and other areas. In the context of political and socio-economic factors, non-forest vegetation was negatively marked. These changes correspond with changes in Czech Republic in the same time interval.

The aim of this paper is to present results of the research focused on the examination of differences of selected psychological characteristics between a group of 144 employed people and a group of 121 unemployed people. The following personality characteristics were measured and compared: action versus state orientation (behaviour control (resp. behaviour regulation) after the experience of failure and in the processes of decision-making and behaviour planning), perseverance in the conception of Sense of coherence and social support. We found out that after having lost their job, people of higher education could better plan their decision-making and actions and they had a better ability to cope with an actual situation (Sense of coherence). The research further showed that females were unemployed more often as compared with males and that the loss of job had a worse effect on their mental state. Compared with unemployed males, the females were more experience-and feeling-oriented and their Sense of coherence showed more prominent decline. Unemployed people had a lower level of action orientation after previous failure than employed people. This conspicuous decrease of orientation to action is given apparently by the loss of the job itself and not by the duration of unemployment. The number of people composing the social support decreases with the increasing age of males. Of all the researched predictors, which were employment/unemployment, duration of unemployment, gender, education and age, gender acts (co-acts) most on the selected personality characteristics - action versus state orientation, Sense of coherence and social support.

Syrian agricultural policy should be characterized by a high level of government intervention, including fixed prices, government monopoly in strategic crop marketing, government distribution of industrial fertilizers, significant barriers on food and agricultural commodities import and so on. Although there were certain changes and liberalization in this area during several last years, the Syrian agriculture remains as the most regulated sector of national economy in Near east and northern Africa.
On the other hand, we may state the fact that Syrian governmental agriculture policy was successful considering so called strategic crops most of all in achieving self-sufficiency in wheat production, also an essential increase of cotton production volume which represents most important export crop of this near east country, took a part. Besides this progress there was restriction of disparity development in countryside and municipal household's incomes, which is partial reason for slowing down of Syrian countryside poverty. These positive outcomes were reached at the expense of increasing governmental expenses and worsening of resources efficiency usage both in agriculture production and energy sectors. Considering forecasted spend of oil sources, the Syrian government will be necessarily forced to search for alternative resources of economic growth and government budget incomes in near future.
The last five year country plan presumes consequental delimitation of grants and implication of value added tax. There is to be a quite large liberalisation in agriculture sector, which should lead to consequential down of wheat production, sugar beet and cotton and increase of barley, lentil and chickpea production.

A number of authors deal with problems of convergence, divergence and disparities, particularly with reference to economic growth and its comparison in groups of countries. This paper is aimed at problems of using basic methods of measuring the convergence at the evaluation of the development of selected demographic characteristics of particular regions of the Czech Republic for the period 1992 to 2007. From demographic data provided by the Czech Statistical Office some indicators were selected associated with aging the CR population. In particular, following indicators were used: the proportion of productive population, coefficient of loading the productive population by young persons, coefficient of loading the productive population by old persons, coefficient of the total loading and index of age. A precondition served as a working hypothesis that in addition to the negative demographic development affecting the CR as a whole, the convergence of its particular regions also occurred, viz. regions at the level of NUTS 3. At the quantification of convergence processes in particular regions of the CR, the method of beta convergence was used (in a simplified linearized form) as well as the method of sigma convergence. Both methods predicate unambiguously on the convergence of the CR regions from the point of view of all examined demographic indicators. From the aspect of both methods, the fastest convergence occurred in the studied period in the indicator of loading the productive population by old persons. In this indicator (as the only from monitored ones), no disparity showed as well, ie a region showing an isolated development was not noted. Opposite situation manifested itself at the indicator of loading the productive population by young persons. Only elimination of the capital city of Prague reversed an original result showing evidence of the divergence of regions from the aspect of this indicator. Disparities of the capital city of Prague occurred even at other two indicators. Only from the aspect of age, the Central Bohemian region became a region being beside the general trend of convergence.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a relatively more frequent occurrence of lower coefficients of inbreeding in a population of Holstein cattle on the exterior characters. The exterior of inbred cows (on the level of F_x = 1.56 - 4.00%) was compared with their outbreed contemporaries, i.e. half-sisters from the same father. Evaluations of the exterior of both inbred cows and contemporaries were conducted on the same day, 60-180 days after the first calving, in the same barn and using the valid mode of operation "Linear description and evaluation of the exterior of Holstein cattle". The group consisted of 212 inbred cows and 521 contemporaries. This monitoring is part of a more extensive study dealing with the effect of low levels of F_x coefficients on the characters of milk performance. On that score, the evaluations primarily include characters that are associated with milk production.
The group of inbred cows was compared with their contemporaries and the increased variability of all the evaluated characters (V_x) was studied. The increased variability was particularly due to the wider variance of characters and/or due to the more frequent occurrence of the characters, in inbred animals including both biological extremes (maximum and minimum).
Compared to the contemporaries the average values of exterior characters of inbred animals were lower. The most marked decrease in the values was detected for the fore udder attachment (0.28 points, i.e. 5.5 %) and for the total evaluation of the legs (-0.80 points, i.e. a 1.04% decrease). Although the worsening of the exterior of inbred animals involved all the characters under study, compared to the outbreed contemporaries the differences on the studied level of F_x were not statistically significant.

The article is focused on an analysis of educational attainment of an individual and income situation of their household. At the beginning, a compendious summary of secondary sources is introduced. It resumes data supporting and contradicting the hypothesis about education as a determinant of an income situation. The preliminary theses analysis is performed by results quantification of a project called European Union - Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Aim of the paper is to verify the input thesis assumed from secondary resources. The thesis concerns the direct proportion between a level of education achieved and level of financial income. An introduction of a methodology and research summarized data forms a basis for particular analyses which are based on a conjunction of obtained information on household average monthly income and the educational attainment of their leading member. Analyses are sustained by contingency which characterizes social groups, i.e. spheres in which leading members are mostly involved with regard to income.
Research results proved the validity of the preliminary thesis about correlation, respectively direct proportionality of educational attainment and monthly income amount. Education is consequently identified as one of income situation determinants. The authors anticipate specificity of the selected point of view. Results are therefore presented only as a partial argument and a possible base for further enquiries.

Experimental works were focused on creation of optimal protocol for Acer davidii ssp. grosseri shoots multiplication. As the basic medium we used MS (Murashige α Skoog) culture medium enriched by cytokinins TDZ (Thidiazuron) and BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) in different concentrations. There were used single nodal segments from four years old mother plants in experiments. Experiments were established in the middle of June in the phase of rapid growth of shoots. Cultivation conditions were: 21°C, light intensity 40 μmol.m^-2.s^-1, period of light 16 hours during the day. The reactions of explants were evaluated after six and twelve month. The results were statistically analysed. The explants of Acer davidii ssp. grosseri reacted differently on hormonal regulation. The lowest multiplication activity of explants was found out on MS culture medium enriched by 2,6 μM BAP. The average shoot multiplication on MS + 0,5 μM TDZ culture medium was 1,2. Multiplication 1,49 shoot per explants was found out on MS + 2,6 μM BAP + 0,5 μM TDZ. On the basic MS medium 1,35 shoots per explants multiplicated. In spite of positive influence of application of TDZ and BAP on shoot multiplication the results compared with multiplication on MS medium were statistically insignificant.