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Seven new species of the subgenus Glaucolepis Braun, 1917 of the genus Trifurcula Zeller, 1848 have been described from southern Europe, viz. Trifurcula (Glaucolepis) helladica Z. Laštůvka & A. Laštůvka sp. n. from Peloponnisos and Crete, Greece, T. (G.) corleyi Z. Laštůvka & A. Laštůvka sp. n. from Spain and Portugal, T. (G.) andalusica Z. Laštůvka & A. Laštůvka sp. n. from Andalusia, T. (G.) pederi Z. Laštůvka & A. Laštůvka sp. n. and T. (G.) salvifoliae Z. Laštůvka & A. Laštůvka sp. n. from various parts of Spain, T. (G.) montana Z. Laštůvka, A. Laštůvka & van Nieukerken sp. n. from Spain and Sardinia, and T. (G.) lavandulae sp. n. from Spain and southern France. The bionomics of five species is unknown, the host plant of T. (G.) salvifoliae sp. n. is Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl, those of T. (G.) lavandulae sp. n. are Lavandula latifolia Medicus and L. angustifolia Miller.

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the existing state of environmental accounting as used in business and to discuss the shift of system application, focusing on the enterprises that have already implemented the environmental management systems. The paper summarizes the research outcomes of 2005, carried out by the Czech Environmental Management Centre and the Czech Environmental Information Agency. The research was targeted at the experience of companies with an implementation and operation of the environmental accounting system in the Czech Republic. The subject of the research was tracing and evaluating of environmental costs and benefit of the system of environmental accounting for company management.

The effect of the χ-casein (C-CSN) and β -casein (B-CSN) loci on the milk production traits (milk yield, fat, protein and lactose content) was estimated for 807 and 488 Czech Fleckvieh and 402 and 244 Holstein cows, respectively. Genotypes of C-CNS and B-CNS were determined by the use of PCR-RFLP method. The genotypes were detected by use of electrophoresis on agarose gel. The associations of studied polymorphisms with milk production traits were estimated using the mixed linear model procedure REML in SAS for Windows 9.1.3. Results indicated that protein content is significantly affected (P ≤ 0.01) by C-CSN genotype (genotype BB > AB > AA). Fat and lactose content were not affected by C-CSN locus. The B-CNS locus had no significant effect on any milk production traits.

Thickness of the bark has serious influence on the round wood volume inside bark, if the diameter is measured over bark. The measured value of the bark thickness depends on measuring method. To analyse the possible bark thickness differences of spruce, given by different measuring methods and Peintinger's bark thickness tables and to calculate the corresponding round wood volume differences, given by different bark thickness deduction compared with the Czech Standard is the principle goal of presented research.
Three ways of bark thickness measuring were realized: by using bark gauge, increment hammer and slide caliper. Bark gauge gives the highest bark thickness values - 2,2 mm higher compared with our standard, corresponding volume decrease is 3,4%. Measuring by this method is very carefully to the bark and it gives the real values of the thickness of the undamaged bark layer. It is close to the results of electronic diameter measuring. Slide caliper give the values 0,9 mm higher compared with our standard, corresponding volume decrease is 1,5%. Slide caliper partly damages the surface layer of the bark. Increment hammer gives 0,1 mm higher values of the bark thickness compared with our standard thanks to the destruction of the surface bark layer. Corresponding volume decrease can be approx. 0,1%. Peintinger's bark thickness tables give 1,3 mm higher spruce bark thickness, it means to 1,9 % lower round wood volume. It means, Peintingers tables correspond better with the measured values than with the Czech Standard.
We can recommend the using of Peintinger's table for deduction of spruce bark thickness in electronic measuring of the round wood over bark and to use the bark gauge for test measuring. Both two methods gave the closest results to real values while our tests and it is very simple to use this instrument.

Due to their worldwide distribution and also detrimental potential virus diseases of grapevine are economically very important. In grapevine plants Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) is one of the most harmful virus pathogens. The aim of this study was evaluate the occurrence of GFLV and ArMV in vineyards of the Grapevine Breeding Station Polešovice (Czech Republic) using the ELISA test and visual symptoms. In every year from 2001-2004 altogether 225 grapevine plants were tested for the occurrence of GFLV and ArMV. In case of GFLV positive results were obtained in 43 plants, i. e. in 19.11% of all samples. In case of ArMV there were 51 positive tests, i.e. 22.66%. Our results demonstrated a occurrence of GFLV and ArMV in propagation vineyards, which was comparable with results obtained abroad. It was also demonstrated that a professional visual selection could provide a good basis for the identification of virus diseases and their subsequent tests.

In 2004 and 2005 we explored the effect of graded doses of selenium in the soil (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 kg Se.ha^-1) on yield-forming parameters (total plant weight, number of stems per hill, number of tubers per hill and hectare yields) in two varieties of potatoes of different vegetation periods. The content of selenium as an important anti-oxidant was monitored in potato tubers and tops. Selenium in the form of sodium selenite was applied in the respective doses into the soil before planting the potatoes. Samples for growth and chemical analyses were taken after 90 and 99 days of vegetation (variety Karin and Ditta, respectively). Increasing doses of selenium had a negative effect on most of the yield-forming parameters. With an increasing dose of Se the hectare yields as well as the number of tubers in the hill and total weight of the plant decreased. Chemical analyses were performed using the AAS method and showed that the concentration of selenium in the individual parts of the potato plant increased with increasing Se doses in the soil. The content of selenium in tubers of the variant Se₇₂ (4.13 mg Se.kg^-1 of dry matter) increased as much as 20 times when compared to the control (0.22 mg Se.kg^-1 of dry matter).

Conformity Assessment of construction products is in accordance with EU concepts enabling free movement of goods within member states. The construction products (i.e. also construction product based on wood) which are liable to conformity assessment are listed in the Governmental Decree No. 312/2005 Coll. and Governmental Decree No. 190/2002 Coll. (technical requirements for construction products with CE marking). The European harmonised standards (both issued and prepared) have immediate influence on methodologies of Conformity Assessment. Methodologies and requirements on products during this process implicate also requirements on Notified Bodies and producers. The aim of the first stage of the research was to analyse the present state in this field and relations taking place during preparation and implementations of harmonised standards.

The results of the previous studies have suggested that the estimated R_G values are loaded with an error, which might compromise the precision of the subsequent crop model applications. Therefore a detailed analysis of the error propagation was made using two crop models i.e. CERES-Barley and CERES-Wheat. Database of meteorological data originating from 8 stations in Austria and Czech Republic was used in order to carry out the analysis. It has been found that even application of the method based on sunshine duration that yield the lowest bias in R_G estimates significantly influences number of key crop model outputs. It has been also noted that in 5-6 seasons out of 100 cases the deviation greater than ±10 % is to be expected whilst the occurrence of ±25% could not be also ruled out. The precision of the yield estimates and other crop model outputs is lower then expected but still acceptable for most application with mean bias error in range of 2.0-4.1% when estimates based on the diurnal temperature range and cloud cover are used. In this case yield deviations over ±10% occurred in about 20% cases (depending on the crop) whilst the probability of significant yield departure (±25%) doubled of that found for the previous method. The methods based on the diurnal temperature range and daily precipitation sum showed an increase of the systematic bias of yield of winter wheat and considerably higher number of seasons with yield departures over ±25%. Utilisation of the methods based on the diurnal temperature range only for the purposes of seasonal yield forecasting or climate change impact assessment is questionable as the probability of significant yield departure is very high (as well as the systematic error). These findings should act as an incentive to the further research aimed at development of more precise and widely applicable methods of estimating daily R_G based more on the underlying physical principles and/or remote sensing approach. Overall decrease of the existing uncertainties in the R_G estimates would clearly result into increase of the reliability of subsequent applications that use R_G as input variable.

Commercially produced hen eggs have been tested by means of dynamic excitation of the egg-shells with following analysis of their response. The falling steel ball have been chosen as a exciting instrument and the laser vibrometer have been used as a measuring device for the egg response. The reproductibility of the experiments has been relatively high and the surface velocity has been found to be significantly dependent on the position around the meridian. Analysed frequency spectrum has shown the peak frequency and frequency history. Proposed numerical model has demonstrated reasonable agreement with experimental results and can be used as an effective tool in modelling of analogous or similar experiments.

The main goal of this paper was to create theoretical basis and find starting points for the audit of customer satisfaction on the service market. It focuses mainly on contemporary existing approaches to customer satisfaction quantification especially through indexes. The gained results will become the starting point for creating the consistent audit of customer satisfaction methodology on tourism service market applicable in the Czech environment. One part of the paper shows brief results of the performed tentative research that aimed for finding present awareness about the audit of customer satisfaction and about the frequency of its use by firms in the Czech Republic.

The main aim of this article is to find out whether there is a significant relationship between money supply growth and inflation in the Eurozone. For this reason, the monetary policy strategy of the European Central Bank (ECB) has been evaluated. Since the establishment of the ECB in January 1999 to May 2003 the ECB's monetary policy strategy consisted of three main elements: a quantitative definition of price stability, a prominent role for money in the assessment of risks to price stability (aggregate M3 as a reference value), and a broadly based assessment of the outlook for price developments. Nevertheless, since May 2003 M3 or any other monetary aggregate has lost its prominent role in the ECB's strategy. Therefore the nowadays ECB's monetary policy strategy consists of a quantitative definition of the primary objective of price stability and an analytical framework based on two pillars - economic analysis and monetary analysis. These two pillars are used by the ECB's Governing Council in the overall assessment of risks to price stability and in monetary policy decisions.
The empirical part of this article is based on time series correlation between money supply growth and inflation in selected member countries of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU - Eurozone) during the period 1995-2005. The time series are divided into two parts. The first part covers data for selected member countries of the European Union from 1995 till 1998, i.e. before the establishment of the EMU. Whereas the second part includes data for the whole Eurozone since its official start in 1999 to 2005. The time series are adjusted by SARIMA models.

This research work is aimed to monitoring of selected disinfectants'activity in operational conditions. Hereby there have been monitored two acidic disinfectants Despon K and Mikasan D, which have had-by their producer-stated different recommended concentration. These solutions were monitored in viewpoint of their activity at different temperature, time of circulation, pH and water hardness. In this work there were measured pH of solutions in unloaded medium to be compared with pH of solutions in loaded medium and this measuring was carried out regularly each week within a one month period. During this period there was also monitored total plate count (TPC), which was stated in the dairy, where samples were taken two-times monthly. It has been found, that the disinfectants Mikasan D and Mikal 94D are effective even by high water hardness.

Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) are two important agents from the Nepoviruses genus. At present, serodiagnostic method is one of routine methods of virus pathogens testing also in grapevines. The aim of this study was to determine a suitable date of grapevine tissue sampling using the ELISA method and to follow visible symptoms of GFVL and ArMV infestation of vines. Positive results of tests for the occurrence of GFLV were obtained in the following growth stages: B (intensive growth - growth apex), C (beginning of flowering - young leaves) and D (beginning of flowering - inflorescence). Samples evaluated by ELISA method as positive for ArMV were found out in growth stages B (intensive growth - growth apex) and C (beginning of flowering - inflorescence). In all other stages the results of performed tests were negative. It is concluded that the stage B (intensive growth - growth apex) seems to be the most suitable for sampling of grapevine tissue.

Fruits, as it has been proved by many archaeological discoveries, accompanied and still accompanies Man from the beginning of its existence. At first Man gathered fruits only occasionally in the nature. It's only after some time that he learned how to grow these plants and later how to breed them by some kind of empirical selection. However fruits have not only been used as alimentation, they also became a source of pleasure and beauty as well as an instrument making the environment healthier. Most of the fruit species cultivated in our country come from the European and Asian temperate zone. Residues of apples, pears, sweet and sour cherries, prunes, hazel nuts and later on of walnuts and grapevines were found in our country at a period ascending to the Stone (or Neolithic) age in middle European archaeological localities. From the first century AC residues of peaches have also been discovered. It seems that it's only from the Laten period (Celtic culture 4th-1st century BC) and under the influence of grown up antique cultures that a more intensive development of the cultivation of fruits and an increase of their qualities took place.

The first part of the paper is devoted to the theoretical problems of consumer behavior and decision masking. In the second part is used so called "beer local patriotism" as an concrete example of the mentioned problems. The third part presents own empirical results from marketing research in the Czech Republic in October-November 2004. The fourth part contents description of the contemporary life style changes and its influences for consumer behavior. In the fifth part is the purchase seen as a part of the contemporary life style and entretaiment. The last part deals with the changes of consumer behavior in the shopping centres.

For the ecological-physiological research, and in particular water exchange, it is necessary to study a plant entire. The data about the daytime change of whole woody plant transpiration help to determine a degree of this or that woody species influence on air humidizing and that way on a microclimate as well, and also to receive necessary information about rational formation of woody plantings as the city boundaries and forest shelterbelts and on sites with various water-security.

The aim of the article is to evaluate the preferences of the ECB in monetary policy and to compare them with preferences of the central banks of new EU member countries from Central and Eastern Europe. The ECB's responsibility for the primary objective (price stability) often contrasts with the requirement for economic growth stabilization policy from the national governments.
There are doubts if the current members of Eurozone constitute an optimum currency area (the Eurozone 12 is recently the combination of rapidly growing and slow-growing - low inflationary countries). The differences between the countries will even expand during the European monetary union enlargement by new EU member countries. Consequently the probability of asymmetric shocks will increase. The main question is the ability of ECB to fulfill the needs of all EMU member countries in terms of optimal monetary policy. In the first part the authors analyze differences between the preferences of the ECB and national authorities (governments). The negative experiences of Ireland, Italy and other EMU members with current status quo help us to understand fear of future member countries from possible impact of common monetary policy on their national economies.
The second part of the paper deals with interest rates determination by ECB and compares it with expectations (requirements) from EMU member and EMU candidate countries. The main contribution of the article may be seen in central bank's preferences analyses - the preferences are defined as the parameters in Taylor rule (the weights given by ECB and national authorities to the price stability and economic growth stimulation).
The hypothesis is defined as following: are the preferences of ECB in line with the preferences of national central banks of EMU candidate countries?
The empirical analysis is based on the Taylor rule decomposition. The hypothesis is tested by regression analysis. Time series regression model uses relations between the inflation target, potential output, current macroeconomic situation on the one side and current monetary policy strategy, represented by interest rates, on the other side.
A range of empirical studies refers to differences between the desired interest rates of member and future member countries of EMU. The level of desired interest rates changes continuously according to the current economic situation of individual national economies. The differences are given by dissimilarities in financial systems, transmission mechanisms, and historical context of monetary arrangements. The authors suppose that the national authorities' and central banks' preferences are constant in the short time or identical before and after enlargement. The main idea of the article is that the traditional approach, which compares desired interest rates by national central banks, is irrelevant before full membership in EMU. The center of the problem is the mutual agreement on preferences of common monetary policy. The answer to the question: how to evaluate real impact of common monetary policy on real economy of EMU candidate countries after their entrance to Eurozone, is expected result of the article.

In June 2004 the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published the new capital adequacy framework commonly known as Basel II. Basel II contains international capital standards for banking organizations and will replace the relatively risk-invariant requirements in the current Basel I accord. The Committee intends Basel II to be available for implementation as of year-end 2006. The goal of this paper is to analyze the current situation in bank preparation for Basel II in the Czech Republic. For this reason a survey was done in the Czech banks in September and October 2004. Results of this survey are subject of this article. Results are separately discussed for four groups of banks (according to balance sum) - large, middle and small banks and building societies. The research is divided into three sections. The first section is concentrated on the current phase of preparation of Czech banks for Basel II. Results of this section showed that large banks are best prepared in comparison to other three groups of banks. The goal of the second section of the research was to find out how banks evaluate difficulty of activities connected with implementation of Basel II. Problems are mostly connected with changes in IT systems and lack of data. The goal of the third section was to find out which approach for calculating capital requirements on credit risk are banks most likely to adopt at the Basel implementation date. Majority of banks is most likely to adopt the Standardised approach.

The paper is a particular contribution to study of changes in the business environment, which were induced by the Integration of the Czech Republic to the European Union. It includes the opportunities and threats of the Czech Republic and strengths and weaknesses of businesses, which managers of small and medium - sized enterprises identified in 2001 - it meant before the Integration and in 2004 - after the Integration of the Czech Republic into the European Union. 34% of managers from analyzed businesses identified this integration of the Czech Republic into the EU as an opportunity in 2001 and 77% of managers from analyzed businesses in 2004. A change can be seen in the focusing of managers towards the increase of business competitiveness in the different conditions in the internal environment.

The paper is focused on the analysis of stock market returns of American and European stock market for different investment horizon from the view of an American and European investor. The paper also partly resumes, in the part of analysis of USD/EUR exchange rate influence on market returns of mentioned stock market, research paper REJNUŠ, O., ŠOBA, O.: Changes in the USD/EUR exchange rate and their impact on the return of stock indexes from the viewpoint of a European and of an American investor. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS, Vol. LII, No. 6, 2004, pg. 145-159, ISSN 1211-8516.
The development of both American and European stock market is put on the development of two, structure-similar Standard & Poor's exchange indexes, particularly S&P 500 and S&P Europe 350. According to the USD/EUR exchange rate, there were used the values published by FED, with the oldest data there were accepted the count ECU to EUR. The data were taken both from the weekly closing values of mentioned stock indexes and weekly closing values of USD/EUR exchange rate.
The analysis was done with using the methods of quantification of "running market returns" (recount to the average annual values) of indexes from the view of both investors within the set investment horizon. The elemental statistical level characteristic - simple average, median and statistical characteristic of variability - standard deviation and variation coefficient were quantified from this time series of annual running market returns.
The analysis, which was purposely oriented to six basic different long investment horizon (1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 5 years, 7 years, 10 years), has approved that in focused term of 1980-2004 the market returns of picked stock market from the view of both investors (American and European) was generally higher in longer investment horizon than in the shorter investment horizon. The values of variation coefficient in particular investment horizon indicated the decreasing riskiness of investments in analyzed markets with elongating length of investment horizon, from view of both investors on both stock markets. The influence of the exchange rates changes on the values of quantified characteristic of indexes market returns (stock markets) was relatively insignificant, so the conclusions of the mentioned research paper, which resumes partly this paper, where in practice verified.

The paper deals with the evaluation of the response of spruce stands on the effect of climatic and anthropogenic factors in two localities predominantly of the 4th forest vegetation zone (fvz) of the Drahany Highland - Forest Range (FR) Proklest, Training Forest Enterprise (TFE) "Masaryk Forest" Křtiny and Forest Range Senetářov, Forests of the CR, Forest District (FD) Tišnov. The evaluation was carried out on the basis of monitoring according to the ICP Forests Programme completed by the determination of the crown structure transformation (CUDLÍN et al., 2001a). This methodology makes possible to estimate retrospective responses of a stand on the actual combination of stress factors as well as its present adaptation potential. In total, 35 circular research plots were monitored (13 FR Proklest, 22 FR Senetářov) with 700 trees in stands dominated by spruce at an age of 79-122 years. Total defoliation ranged between 29.5 and 37% (as an average of the research plots), defoliation of a primary structure in a broad range of 49-85.5%. The average degree of crown structure transformation was 1.57 and 1.6 in FR Proklest and FR Senetářov, respectively. In stands under monitoring, environmental factors manifest themselves differently. Part of the stands (particularly FR Proklest) was affected mainly by unfavour- able climatic conditions in the course of several recent years. As for other stands, it is possible to notice further impacts of synergetic effects of stress factors.

The paper is focused on a description of the winegrowing and wine-production in Australia, a country, which is becoming a more and more significant producer and exporter of wine in the world, and has become a part of competitive environment of the winegrowing and wine-production industry in the Czech Republic.
Structural analysis of external environment is a part of strategic analysis of an industry, where one of the key parts is the analysis of competitive environment within an industry.
Winegrowing areas of Australia are nowadays located mostly in the colder climatic zone of Australia. In the 70-ies of the last century, there were planted new vineyards, in these areas, and the grapes from them have started to be used for production of quality-wine and the production of sweet wines and brandies have decreased. The most significant wine-production state has become the South Australia with the sound vineyards around the Murray River. The area of the productive vineyards has doubled, in the past seven years; most of the vineyards are under irrigation. The total grape production in the marketing year 2001-2002 was 1 514 501 t, where 56% were the blue grapes. In the marketing year 2001-2002, there was produced 1 220 mil. litres of wine and 416 mil. litres were exported., whereas in the marketing year 2002-2003 the exports amounted for 508 mil. litres of wine. Most of the wine was exported to the Great Britain - in the marketing year 2001-2002 it was 48% of the total exports. In 2003-2004, were exported to the Czech Republic 466 914 litres of wine, which is an 850% growth within the past four years. The average price of 1 litre of wine imported to the Czech Republic was 2.16 €, in the marketing year 2002-2003, and have grown by 0.28 € in the following year. Wine imports to Australia are decreasing from the marketing year 1997-1998. In the marketing year 2002-2003, the imports were 17 mil. litres of wine, for 81 mil €. Consumption of all alcoholic drinks recounted to the per capita and per year level is decreasing in Australia; from the marketing year 1977-1978 it have fallen by 26% to the year 1999-2000, but the wine consumption have grown by 43.6% in the same period.
The paper is a part of solution of a grant focused on analysis and definition of a long-term development concept of the winegrowing and wine production industries in the Czech Republic for the Ministry of Agriculture (NAZV QF 3276), and is also a part of solution of the research plan of FBE MUAF in Brno (GAMSM 431100007).

The paper deals with evaluation of attractiveness of apple production in the Czech Republic using the Industry attractiveness evaluation matrix according to the methodology of Higgins and Vincze (1989). It identifies the key criteria for evaluation of attractiveness from five fields: market factors, competition factors, financial and economic factors, technological factors, and socio-political factors. The key criteria are described in detail and evaluated from the viewpoint of a producer operating in the apple production industry. The text comes from the papers from the field of fruit production and apple production published by Kudová (2003, 2004, 2005) and Chládková (2003). Application of these methods on other industries was applied by Žufan et al. (2001) and Tomšík, and Žufan (2004).
According to the data of the Division of Perennial Plants of the Central Institutte for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (CISTA), the number of subjects (firms and growers) operating intensive orchards reaches 1 238 on the area of 18 998 ha. In 2003 the number of subjects was 1 243 on the area of 19 514 ha. The total sales in fruit production were in decline from 1999 to 2005, and the decline of sales of apples grown in intensive orchards in 2005 was 34% in comparison with 2004. In the foreign trade, there significantly prevail imports above exports, and from 2002 to 2004 the imports of apples grew by 220%. The biggest growth of area of orchards was in 2004 - by 211 ha of mature apple-trees, which amounts only for 2% of the total area. In connection with this growth, there grew also the yield. Diversity of the market is based on varietal structure of apple-trees grown. According to the data of CISTA, the current varietal structure is not suitable and its change is very slow. Most of apples are grown in Central Bohemia, which amounts for 11% of the total area, which is more than 2000 ha. We can conclude, that even though the average market price of agricultural land is quite high - 25.76 CZK.m^-2, the lands for agricultural use for market production with the area of more than 5 ha have the average price of 5.04 CZK.m^-2, which is the country average of the price of agricultural land according to the value index (BPEJ).
The costs of establishing an apple-tree orchard amount for CZK 409,000 to CZK 653,000 per hectare - depending on the number of trees per hectare. The average costs of attending an apple-tree orchard are CZK 75.226 per hectare (average for the period of 1998-2003).
Profits in this industry are based on selling the harvest through growers-organization or to a cannery, or by storing the fruits in own warehouses (only those with a controlled atmosphere are competitive).
Fruit consumption in the Czech Republic is slightly increasing from 1990, and till 2005 it grew by 12.1 kg per person per year (by 18.8%) to the current 76.5 kg per person per year. Apples have an important share on the total fruit consumption, and their consumption grows, as well. The increase in the period of 1990─2005 was 65%. European Union, and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic through the State Agricultural Intervention Fund (SZIF) introduce a spectrum of support programmes, in which it is possible to apply for financial support. But it is necessa

The weed infestation was assessed in a field experiment at the Research Institute for Folder Crops Ltd., Troubsko near Brno in 2001-2004. Numbers of individual weed species were determined using a counting method on the area of 0.25 m² in winter wheat stands within the 6-crop rotation (peas, winter wheat, spring barley, oilseed rape, winter wheat, winter wheat) in different variants of soil tillage and straw management. The highest weed infestation in all variants was found when winter wheat followed winter wheat. The highest number of weeds was assessed in the variant with stubble tillage to the depth of 0.12-0.15 m, planting with a precision drill and straw chopping. The lowest number of weeds was found in winter wheat after peas in the variant with incorporation of chopped straw using a tiller to 0.12-0.15 m and planting with a drilling combination, and in the variant where chopped straw was sprayed with the BETA-LIQ preparation, incorporation with a tiller to 0.12-0.15 m and planting with a drilling combination.

The paper describes wine market in the United States and in the California. The paper is focused on characteristic of winegrowing, wine-production, wine-consumption and wine export too. Export of California wine is growing and wine is exported to the EU for the first. We can expect to grow of interest of our consumers too. California wine will compete in high quality and low prices.
California is the fourth largest wine producer in the world after France, Italy and Spain. It accounted for $ 643 million in wine exports in 2003 from $ 537 million in 1998. Wine grapes were grown in 46 of California's 58 counties, covering 529000 acres in 2003. California produced 444 million gallons of wine in 1998 it is 90 percent of all U.S. wine production, making California the leading wine producing state in America. The California wine industry has an annual impact of $ 45.4 billion on the state's economy. An important California employer, the wine industry provides 207550 full-time equivalent jobs in wineries, vineyards or other affiliated businesses throughout the state. There are at least 1294 bricks and mortar commercial wineries in California. But the wine consumption is very low in California.
Because California together with South Africa and another countries that so-called New World are important producers with growing export, is very necessary to analyse these markets because they are great competitors for Czech producers. These problems solved in another foreigner markets Černíková, Žufan (2004), Duda (2004), Hrabalová (2004), Kudová (2005), Lišková (2004), Tomšík, Chládková (2005).
The paper is a part of solution of the grant focused on analysis and formulation of further development of winegrowing and wine-production in the Czech Republic provided by the Ministry of Agriculture (No. QF 3276), and it is also a part of solution of the research plan of the Faculty of Business and Economics, MUAF in Brno (No. MSM 6215648904).

At present, the usage of information systems increases in various areas of human activities, therefore it is necessary to put the emphasis on their quality and user friendliness. That is why new techniques of design, development and implementation of information systems are being sought. The author of the paper and her colleagues employ themselves in the domain of component oriented web information systems and their goal is to define the methodology for building this kind of system. The component boxing model was designed so far. It describes how to build-up the information system from the particular components at each level of the three-layer architecture in general. Within the individual levels, it is needed to carry out the detailed analysis of components and their dependencies. In the paper, the user interface is discussed. The page decomposition in particular components is analyzed in detail and the component types with relationships between them are sought. There are also terms as box, box content, box design, visual element, linked and doubly linked elements, elements linkage defined. Further way of this domain research that would lead in determination of the methodology for the information system development at the user interface and presentation level is shown as well as the integration of this particular task in the entire system development.

Kernel smoothers belong to the most popular nonparametric functional estimates. They provide a simple way of finding structure in data. The idea of the kernel smoothing can be applied to a simple fixed design regression model. This article is focused on kernel smoothing for fixed design regresion model with three types of estimators, the Gasser-Müller estimator, the Nadaraya-Watson estimator and the local linear estimator. At the end of this article figures for ilustration of desribed estimators on simulated and real data sets are shown.

The research was executed on 24 high yield dairy cows divided into three groups (n = 8). There was the control group (I) that the propylene glycol wasn't given to cows, group II - the cows received 250 ml/day/per head of the propylene glycol, and the group III ─ the cows received 500 ml/day per head of the propylene glycol. The preparation was administered to cows per os beginning from 2 weeks before parturition to the end of the third week of lactation. During the research the condition of animals was estimated by BCS method, the daily yield was recorded, and analyses of the milk and colostrum composition were performed. The propylene glycol lightened the decrease of cows' condition during entering at the peak of lactation. The higher dose (500 ml) was more profitable, because it had an influence on the content of the colostrum components, low urea level in milk as well as on daily yield, which was higher of about 3.64 kg while the preparation was given, in comparison to the control group. In the 3^rd week of lactation the low level of somatic cells in milk of cows that received the preparation was stated. In conclusion, our study revealed a great positive effect of propylene glycol given to the cows shortly before and after parturition on their body condition and a less significant effect on colostrum quality and milk yield.

In the region of Rýchory (KRNAP - the Krkonoše National Park), effects of roe deer and red deer browsing on the condition and development and natural and artificial regeneration of stands was studied in 2003-2004. Winter and summer browsing were observed in 14 couples of plots (always one with mechanical protection, the second without the protection) and in one control couple in a wintering preserve for red deer. In both years, winter browsing predominated in the region and thus, it is possible to suppose that roe deer was the main browser. As for natural regeneration, silver fir (26% in winter 2003), rowan (36% in winter 2003) and sycamore maple (26% in winter 2004) were the most damaged species. In artificial regeneration, silver fir damage predominated (68% in winter 2003). In the wintering game preserve with the high winter concentration of red deer, damage to all trees exceeded 40% and heavy damage showed also species slightly damaged out of the preserve such as spruce (63%) and beech (75%). Artificial regeneration was damaged more markedly than natural regeneration in all terms of monitoring. The percentage of browsing damage increased with the distance of the additional feeding device.

The paper is focused on characteristic of winegrowing and wine-production in New Zealand, country, which together with Australia, Chile, Argentina, California, and South Africa belongs to the countries of the so-called New World, and these countries become very important producers of wine in the world. Thus, they become a part of the competitive environment in winegrowing and wine-production of the Czech Republic. One of the necessary premises for determination of the competitive position is a detailed analysis of competition. This was also dealt with by Černíková, Žufan (2004), Duda (2004), Hrabalová (2004), Kudová (2005), Lišková (2004), Tomšík, Chládková (2005).
Winegrowing regions of New Zealand are located in the areas of higher average temperature than the European regions. This climate suits mostly for blue grapes. The beginning of winegrowing is connected with the name of a Scot James Busby, who produced the first wine in 1836. In the middle of the 19th century, two winegrowing regions were known worldwide - Auckland, and Hawkes Bay. Currently, there are 14 winegrowing regions with the area of 18.112 ha of fertile vineyards, and in 2006 the area of fertile vineyards should grow by 15% (to 20.877 ha). The area with the largest area of vineyards is Marlbourough (8.194 ha), where there are 275 growers of vine being processed by 84 wine-producers. The total number of wine producers in New Zealand in 2004 was 471, only four of them producing more than 2 mil. l (the biggest company is Montana).
The harvest in 2004 was 162.100 tons of grapes, in New Zealand, which means 123% growth in comparison with 1995. The highest growth of harvested grapes was in the region of Hawkes Bay - by 181%. Wine production is changing from year to year, but for the 2004 a growth is expected due to the volume of harvested grapes. The exports of New Zealand's wine have grown almost 3.5-times in the period of 1995-2003 in terms of its volume, and recounting it from NZ$ to €, the growth was even 6.8-times higher. The exports of New Zealand wine are continuously growing - the highest amount from 1995 was exported to Great Britain (25.756 mil. l). The exports to the Czech Republic have grown almost 15-times in the period of 1999-2003, with a prevalence of the white wine. The average price of one litre of wine imported to the Czech Republic in 2003 was € 6.7. Imports of wine to New Zealand have grown by 74% in the period of 1995-2003. Most of the imports are realized from Australia (73% of the total imports in 2004). Within the monitored period, there was a change in the prevailing type of the imported wine - from a prevalence of the white wine in 1999 to the currently prevailing red wine (growth by 17% in 2003). Consumption of alcohol have grown by 6.5% in the period of 1998-2003, most of which was caused by the growing consumption drinks with the alcohol content of more than 23% (growth by 60.8%).
The paper is a part of solution of the grant focused on analysis and formulation of further development of winegrowing and wine-production in the Czech Republic provided by the Ministry of Agriculture (No. QF 3276), and it is also a part of solution of the research plan of the Faculty of Business and Economics, MUAF in Brno (No. MSM 6215648904).