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The aim of the paper is consumer behaviour analysis when purchasing selected commodity groups concerning the effect of price, habit, discount and product characteristics. Analysis proceed from the Czech household marketing research, where 726 households were electronically questioned. As mentioned above, selected factors for the analysis were habit, products' characteristics, price and discount actions.
Primary aim is to measure the correspondence of selected factors influence on consumer behaviour during purchase decision making process of selected commodity groups. Interpretation is based on two-tier evaluation. First level represents commodity groups distinction by the character of goods and subsequent evaluation of goods characteristics correspondence in accordance with each influencing factor. Second one represents behaviour of commodity group in cross-section of selected factors. For consumer behaviour analysis chi-square test was used. Before its application the data set (responses) was divided according to the ten-point scale into three interval' groups.

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate possibilities how to reduce consumption of Diesel fuel on the one hand and to increase the performance of tractor aggregates on the other. Measurings were performed on a field with clayey-loamy soil, after the harvest of spring barley as forecrop and treatment of soil surface with disc harrowing. At the moment of measuring, the upper soil layer (till 10 cm) contained 16.5 % of humidity. Measured were the following parameters: consumption of Diesel fuel, engine revolutions, total time of ploughing, time of turning, depth of ploughing, and the swath of tractor aggregate. The specific consumption of diesel fuel Q_m,1 and the efficiency (performance) of the aggregate W₁ were calculated using the aforementioned parameters. The experimental tractor operated always with the full dose of fuel. Measurings were performed within zones A - economic revolutions of the engine (1 580-1 800 min^-1) and B - maximum working revolutions of the engine (1 800-2 000 min^-1). Basing on measured values it was found out that in zones A and B, the ploughing aggregate Case Magnum MX 285 plus a combined cultivator Köckerling Exaktgrubber - Vario showed 9.1 % of fuel saving. Values of efficiency increased by 11.5%. For the ploughing aggregate Case Magnum MX 285 plus the disc harrow Väderstad Excellent XT 620 the corresponding fuel saving was 17.2 %) while the value of efficiency increased by 7.2 %).

The majority of Internet users use the global network to search for different information using fulltext search engines such as Google, Yahoo!, or Seznam. The web presentation operators are trying, with the help of different optimization techniques, to get to the top places in the results of fulltext search engines. Right there is a great importance of Search Engine Optimization and Search Engine Marketing, because normal users usually try links only on the first few pages of the fulltext search engines results on certain keywords and in catalogs they use primarily hierarchically higher placed links in each category. Key to success is the application of optimization methods which deal with the issue of keywords, structure and quality of content, domain names, individual sites and quantity and reliability of backward links. The process is demanding, long-lasting and without a guaranteed outcome. A website operator without advanced analytical tools do not identify the contribution of individual documents from which the entire web site consists. If the web presentation operators want to have an overview of their documents and web site in global, it is appropriate to quantify these positions in a specific way, depending on specific key words. For this purpose serves the quantification of competitive value of documents, which consequently sets global competitive value of a web site. Quantification of competitive values is performed on a specific full-text search engine. For each full-text search engine can be and often are, different results. According to published reports of ClickZ agency or Market Share is according to the number of searches by English-speaking users most widely used Google search engine, which has a market share of more than 80%. The whole procedure of quantification of competitive values is common, however, the initial step which is the analysis of keywords depends on a choice of the fulltext search engine.

This article describes a comparison of various programs for the automatic supervised classification used for identification of forest tree species representation from the aerial photographs. These programs were represented by American software Erdas Imagine 8.4, Czech products LuciaG 4.0 and TopoL DMT 6.014. The study displays a minor production forest area with proportion of four most frequently occurring tree species - spruce, larch, oak and ash in the research area of the forest region around Bystřice pod Hostýnem, the Czech Republic. For the reason of lower quality of spectrozonal photographs it was necessary to use some corrections; such as highlighting pen techniques, namely Kernel Processor Low-Frequency and High-Frequency filters, belonging to space operations. Photographs, modified in this way, served for a construction of individual training sets, which were consequently used within individual classification methods of directed classification in each comparative software. Self-classification took place at the level of a particular tree species. Classification accuracy was determined by comparison of results and reference data from the terrain research.
The outcome is, that the best classification for oak and ash was in combination with TopoL program, classification according to gravity centre and combination of solation + insolation signature of the treetop parts with an aggressive shade.
On the contrary, for spruce and larch was the best classification in combination with software Erdas Imagine, classification roles of intervals mahalanobis with combination of solation signature of the treetop parts, along these tree edges with an aggressive shade.

The aim of this paper is to examine the abrasive resistance of the plywood formatted by fiberglass. Our methodology for the evaluation of the newly designed material was developed so that it corresponds to the related European standards. It is complemented with the sampling method and the preparation of the samples for examination including their climatization. According to our design, we carried out the measurements of the selected structures of fire-proof multi-layered veneer materials with coats of different surface weight in combination with the fiberglass. The gained data about the abrasive resistance can be considered as reliable. The rates of abrasive resistance were examined in reference to the EU current standards which set their area of application. This research is part of the MSMT project No. MSM 6215648902 "Les a dřevo" (Forest and Wood).

Organic matter balance in the farms located in Ústí nad Orlicí district has been investigated since 1979. As a result, so called need of organic fertilisation, has been determined and the supply of the organic fertilisers to soils, e.g. farmyard manure, slurries and also straw and green manure has been monitored over the whole time period. About 45 % of the arable land area in the district has been monitored.
In addition to the organic matter balance, we determined several soil organic matter characteristics in soil samples (organic C, N and S contents, inert and decomposable C content, hot water soluble C content, hydrophobicity index calculated from the DRIFT spectrometry, available P, K, Ca and Mg contents and pH).
The relationships between the organic matter supply with supplemental sources organic fertilisers and all the selected soil organic matter characteristics were statistically significant. Significant correlations were also found for the relationships between the organic matter need and all the selected soil organic matter characteristics.

In small-plot experiments established in 2001-2004 we studied the effect of the chemical composition of the plant dry matter of spring barley, varieties Kompakt and Jersey, on grain yields. A relatively strong correlation was confirmed between the chemical composition of the plant dry matter and yields. The correlation was most intensive in the case of nitrogen (r = 0.536), phosphorus (r = 0.503), magnesium (r = 0.464) and sulphur (r = 0.431) at the beginning of shooting (DC 30); in the case of potassium (r = 0.557) at the beginning of tillering (DC 23) and calcium (r = 0.530) during ear formation (DC 55). A relatively strong correlation remained from the beginning of tillering to the beginning of ear formation and later decreased. The weather conditions of the year and variety significantly affected grain yields and also the previous crop was important. Grain yields of the variety Kompakt were statistically significantly lower than of the variety Jersey (6.02 t.ha^-1 and 6.45 t.ha^-1, respectively). The yields of barley grown after sugar-beet were the highest (6.30-6.79 t.ha^-1); the grain yields of barley after maize decreased by 9.1-9.7 %. Higher grain yields of the Jersey variety resulted in levels of N-substances (11.35 %) lower than in the Kompakt variety (11.35 % and 11.60 %, resp.). No correlation was discovered between the nitrogen level in the plant dry matter during vegetation and the content of N-substances in barley grain.

Non-destructive diagnostic methods are very useful for monumental buildings. This paper deals with one of these technique, namely with ultrasound testing and influence of surface finishing on ultrasound velocity measured by means of device the Arborsonic Decay Detector. Surface finishing (Primalex - thick synthetic film of the surface finishing, Luxol - Extra - thin synthetic film of the surface finishing and Impranal Profi SL - thick acryl film the surface finishing) were selected and tested in this research. The transmittion time was measured and velocity was converted from it. This was compared before and after application of surface finishing.

The response of tubers of nine varieties of potatoes to the bar impact have been evaluated. The proposed method enables to obtain force - time record. The response function is represented by the time history of the surface displacement. This function has been recorded using laser vibrometer technique. The main features of the force and displacement function have been found both in the time and frequency domain. It has been found that given method can be used for the detection of the potato tubers damage origin as well as for the differentiation among different varieties of the potatoes. There is also a chance to evaluate the main mechanical characteristics of the potato tubers by non - destructive way.

The aim of this paper is to compare the power of selected normality tests to detect a bimodal distribution. We use some classical normality tests (the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Lilliefors test, the Anderson-Darling test, the classical Jarque-Bera test and the Jarque-Bera-Urzua test), some robust normality tests (the robust Jarque-Bera test and the Medcouple test) and the modified Jarque-Bera tests, where the median instead of the mean is used in the classical Jarque-Bera test statistic. The results of simulation study show that the Anderson-Darling and the Shapiro-Wilk tests outperform the others, especially in small sample sizes. On the other hand the classical Jarque-Bera, the Jarque-Bera-Urzua and robust Jarque-Bera tests are biased, especially in small sample sizes again. Finally, the modification of the Jarque-Bera test leads to increase of power against bimodal distribution.

Czech economy went through a substantial transformation in last two decades affecting business environments of all fields. This paper presents partial results of the Czech development market analysis. It explains the characteristics of real-estate development, real-estate development market and the complexity of the real-estate development process, including market research, site selection (using feasibility analysis), due diligence, property acquisition, project design, obtaining entitlements, financing, construction, lease-up or sale or operation, if the project is retained as and asset.
The significant growth in last decade of the analyzed market is slowing down due to current greater circumspection of banks when providing credits for new development projects, drop of real property prices in Western Europe and at the same time greater revenues from real properties in Eastern Europe. The inhibition of the investment in commercial real property (both what number of transactions concerns, and total volume of investment) is influenced by so-called mortgage crisis on the U. S. and British real estate market. In Czech market, the factors are reflected in a number of respects.
The paper suggests future steps of the intended research, focus on identification of factors affecting decision-making process when preparing real-estate development project, finding interrelationships among these factors, quantification and setting weight of the factors, creation of a decision-making process model and its test on a real case. The model should contribute to decrease waste of time and money investment in these feasibility calculations by providing a tool which helps pre-select projects with higher chance of success in earlier phase.

This paper concentrates on the problems of marketing materials quality evaluation and their formal aspect and also customers' marketing materials evaluation. This area has not been concentrated on very much and nor in the literature is described. The paper presents the results of our own research which queries how the customers subjectively perceive and evaluate the marketing materials. The emphasis was put on the materials quality i.e. on what materials are considered as quality materials by the customers and which attributes mainly influence the quality. The results were aggregated on the basis of customers' responses an also on the basis of practical examples evaluation which included intentional mistakes.
The subjects of the evaluation were marketing materials quality as a general feature, the attributes influencing the quality and marketing materials quality and company quality relation. Also the examples including mistakes were evaluated. According to the questioning results, the respondents' answers vary much. It is not possible to find unambiguously right or wrong marketing materials evaluation. This area will be developed in further research which will be concentrated mainly on the typographical aspects.
The aim of this paper is to delimit and to define the present situation through the research result examination, to define 'quality' and to describe the way how marketing materials are perceived by the customers.

The paper analyses buying behaviour of Czech households on the market with footwear and cloths. It aims at factors influ, encing this behaviour, e.g. price, brand, quality, product attributes, habits, price reductions, advertisement, innovation and word-of-mauth. Primary data were obtained via survey of 727 Czech households by staff of the Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno. The paper provides results of correlation analysis and factor analysis. When making purchase decisions, households identify attributes and parameters of clothes and footwear as the most important factor. Due to factor analysis, factors were reduced into four comprehensive groups.

Companies classified as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for a large proportion of Europe's economic and professional activity. In practice, 99 % of business in the European Union are SMEs, and they provide two-thirds of all private sector jobs. So small firms are, in fact, the real giants of the European economy. Micro-business dominate employment in countries such as Italy 47 % and Poland 41 %, whilst the share of large enterprises in total employment in the United Kingdom is just 46 %.
During the recent period of time there have been many researchers from the FBE MUAF in Brno, who focused on the analysis of the small and medium-sized enterprise, e.g. Nerudová (2006); Nerudová and Bohušová (2006); Kubíčková and Presová (2006); Zrůst and Pyšný (2008); Živělová and Zichová (2002).

The objective of this work was to induce in vitro shoot regeneration as influenced by plant growth regulators and ascertain an effective method of polyploidy induction using colchicine and oryzalin in two diploid cultivars 'Gizela' and 'Black Velvet Scarlet F₁' of Pelargonium × hortorum L. H. Bailey. In both cultivars, benzyladenine (BA) significantly improved shoot regeneration compared to zeatin. The infiltration and the dip methods of explant treatment were used for polyploidy induction. Regenerants were analyzed using the flow cytometry (FCM). In 'Gizela' and 'Black Velvet Scarlet F₁', 10 tetraploids on the level of 2n = 4x were found by the infiltration method. The tetraploidy was determined by the dip method in 4 shoots of 'Gizela' and 11 tetraploids were detected in 'Black Velvet Scarlet F₁'.

The work describes the effect of the atmospheric corrosion upon the mechanical properties of blind rivets. The subject of given research is: corrosion of metal materials, system resistance, design modification and others means of prevention against the corrosion attack. The problem of blind rivets, blind rivet setting, setting equipment, terminology and definitions, characteristic, and special blind rivet setting is also analysed. The experiment itself, the experimental method and the evaluation of the test are described. Mechanism of riveted joint damage produced by galvanic corrosion is proposed. Considerable corrosion damage occurred at combination of the joint members and connected materials with different electrochemical potentials. Exposition to the corroding environment produces release of rivet clam, together with decrease of rivet stiffness. The proof of these mechanisms is documented by functional dependence F - ΔL and metallographic tests.

Current results are presented of allometric yield estimates of the poplar short rotation coppice. According to a literature review it is obvious that yield estimates, based on measurable quantities of a growing stand, depend not only on the selected tree specie or its clone, but also on the site location. The Jap-105 poplar clone (P. nigra x P. maximowiczii) allometric relations were analyzed by regression methods aimed at the creation of the yield estimation methodology at a testing site in Domanínek. Altogether, the twelve polynomial dependences of particular measured quantities approved the high empirical data conformity with the tested regression model (correlation index from 0.9033 to 0.9967). Within the forward stepwise regression, factors were selected, which explain best examined estimates of the total biomass DM; i.e. d.b.h. and stem height. Furthermore, the KESTEMONT's (1971) model was verified with a satisfying conformity as well. Approving presented yield estimation methods, the presented models will be checked in a large-scale field trial.

Effect of addition 6% of linseed oil (designated L06), 6% and 10% of fish oil (R06 and R10) to feed on the fatty acid spectrum of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was investigated. The basic feedmixture which was used as a control variant (K - 34% protein; 9% fat) and the three with oil addition (L06, R06 and R10) were fed to carp fingerling (43.25 g average weight) for 60 days - from 23^rd April to 20^th June. Before that the fish were fed for 2 month by whey grain and commercial feed for carp fingerling in pond fish-culture (KP feed mixture - 33% protein; 5% fat) at daily feeding rate 1.5% of actually fish mass. This procedure was intended to create feeding conditions closest to those witnessed in market fish farmed in ponds during the vegetation season nevertheless the spectrum of fatty acids present in the fish muscle at the experiment's beginning did not fully correspond to what was observed in carps living in ponds and fed by cereals.
An addition of 6% of linseed oil to the feed lowers the content of the oleic acid and MUFA and, at the same time, it boosts the contents of the α-linoleic acid, n-3 PUFA and the general PUFA in the meat of carp fed on mixtures thus enriched. Additions of 6% and 10% of fish oil to the feed for common carp increases the content of the eicosapentaenoic acid. The 10% addition proved beneficial for also the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA. The high content of the docosapentaenoic acid and the general PUFA in the meat of fish as early as the beginning of the experiment resulted in a smaller number of significant changes in the spectrum of fatty acids (particularly the docosahexaenoic acid, PUFA and n-3/n-6 PUFA) found in the fish meat of the L06, R06 and R10 experimental variants.

In 2003-2007 the issue of the forage production and quality on the permanent grassland was researched by the Crop Research Institute Prague, Research Station Jevíčko. The long-term small plot trials with tall oatgrass stand type (Arrhenatherion) were established in 2003 on a fluvisoil. Four types of utilisation were used in the trial: 1. Intensive (I₁) - 4 cuts per year (1^st cut on 15^th May, every next after 45 days); 2. Medium intensive (I₂) - 3 cuts per year (1^st cut on 30^th May, every next after 60 days); 3. Low intensive (I₃) - 2 cuts per year (1^st cut on 15^th June, 2^nd after 90 days); 4. Extensive (I₄) - 2 cuts per year (1^st cut on 30^th June, 2^nd after 90 days) and four levels of fertilizer application: F₀ = no fertilization; F_PK = P₃₀K₆₀N₀; F_PKN90 = P₃₀K₆₀+N₉₀; F_PKN180 = P₃₀K₆₀+N₁₈₀. The overall average DM production of grasslands over five years was 7.19 t.ha^-1. The lowest annual DM production is 6.77 t.ha^-1 during the intensive utilisation (I₁) and it increases towards the extensive (I₄) utilisation to 7.62 t.ha^-1, at all levels of fertilization. Application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers did not have significant effects on grassland DM yield. Application of N-fertilizer increased DM production (P_0.01) already on the level F_PKN90 to 8.49 t.ha^-1, on the level F_PKN180 DM matter still increased up to 9.51 t.ha^-1. Forage quality was highest during the intensive (I₁) utilisation and relatively lowest during the extensive (I₄) utilisation. The intensive (I₁) utilisation of permanent grassland improves OMD (P_0.01), concentration of CP and NEL and decreases fiber concentration (P_0.01) when compared with the extensive (I₄) utilisation. Fertilizing did not affect quality significantly except for CP concentration which increases with N-fertilization while NEL concentration decreases. Optimal utilisation intensity for dairy cows with annual production of 7-8 thousand kg of milk seems to be the intensive (I₁) utilisation with the level of fertilization F_PKN180 for given grass stand (plant society Arrhenatheretum). The forage from the medium intensively (I₂) utilized grassland meets quality parameters for suckler cows at the end of lactation period, the forage from less intensively and extensively (I₃, I₄) utilized grassland is suitable for cows only in the dry period in the form of hay.

We focused on tomatoes for industrial processing due to its economical importance for its lycopene content. The objective of our research is to find the variation of lycopene content in tomato fruits depending upon the length of after harvest storage and thermic treatment, which is inevitable when being industrialy processed. From the point of view of nutritional qualities the most relevant contentual substance of tomatos are carotenoids, included lycopene.
At average for tree following experimental years we learnt significant differences regarding the content of lycopene and the length of storage of tomato fruits. Immediately after the harvest and proccesing tomato fruits contained, at average for tree years, 103.24 mg of lycopene. After 14 days the content of lycopene declined to 46.76 mg.kg^-1 of fresh mass. After 30 days the average value dropped to 29.26 mg.kg^-1. This fact comfirms that boiling respectively thermic treatment increases the content of lycopene in tomato fruits, particulary in our experiment to the value 83.33 mg.kg^-1. At varieties Ladislav, Peto 86, Prémium, Salus the content of lycopene has even risen in comparison with its content up to 48 hours after the harvest. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) belongs to the most signifficant vegetable varieties either for its exploitation in processing industry as well as for its nutritional value with extraordinary beneficial effect for human organism.
Although the content of lycopene is genetically stable attribute, its content in our experiment ranged from 45.39 mg.kg^-1 (Prémium variety) to 77.98 mg.kg^-1 (Zámčan variety), which are significant differences.

The objective of this study is to measure how the viscosity of engine oil changes with temperature. Six different commercially distributed engine oils (primarily intended for motorcycle engines) of 10W-40 viscosity grade have been evaluated. Four of the oils were of synthetic type, two of semi-synthetic type. All oils have been assumed to be Newtonian fluids, thus flow curves have not been determined. Oils have been cooled to below zero temperatures and under controlled temperature regulation, kinematic viscosity (mm²/s) have been measured in the range of -5 °C and +115 °C. Anton Paar digital viscometer with concentric cylinders geometry has been used. In accordance with expected behavior, kinematic viscosity of all oils was decreasing with increasing temperature. Viscosity was found to be independent on oil's density. Temperature dependence has been modeled using several mathematical models - Vogel equation, Arrhenius equation, polynomial, and Gaussian equation. The best match between experimental and computed data has been achieved for Gaussian equation (R² = 0.9993). Knowledge of viscosity behavior of an engine oil as a function of its temperature is of great importance, especially when considering running efficiency and performance of combustion engines. Proposed models can be used for description and prediction of rheological behavior of engine oils.

External environment factors influencing Czech wine production industry went have been significantly changing in the past 20 years. Objective of this paper is to identify and describe selected external environment factors influencing this industry.
Changes in the Czech Republic in 1989 significantly influenced all industries in the Czech economy, including wine production. The most significant include the transition from planned socialistic economy to the market economy, establishment of the Czech Republic (January 1, 1993), entrance European Union (May 1, 2004). For the wine production industry it brought for example opening the domestic market to competition, simplifying international trade with EU-member countries, stabilization of the area of vineyards including the ban on their extension, establishment of the Wine Fund, establishment of non-governmental organisations supporting activities of wine producers (e.g. Union of wine producers of the Czech Republic, National Wine centre, Moravín, Partnership foundation), etc. Significant changes can be found also in the field of wine-marketing and promotion of wines. Wines from the Czech Republic are sold in foreign markets and achieve awards within international trade fairs and wine exhibitions, Czech Republic organises wine trade fairs, e.g. Vinex or Wine and distilled products, Wine fund have registered the trademark "Svatomartinské víno" (St. Martin Wine), etc. Other significant factors identified within macro-environment analysis include continuous changes in wine production technology. Here we can expect that in the future, there will grow the use of PET bottles, which could replace the classical glass bottles, just as it happened in the soft-drinks production industry. Changes happened also in the field of legislature, and were connected with updating the law on winegrowing and wine production, change of the VAT to 19 %, cancellation of the consumption tax on wine or new titles of subsidies.
Also the buyer behaviour goes through a gradual development and it is influenced by many factors. Therefore the paper includes statistical evaluation of dependence between the average monthly wages and wine consumption. Calculated values show a semi-strong positive linear dependence of these two factors.

The phenological study on the onset and duration of individual phenological phases of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) has been performed using sample trees growing in the research station of the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, MUAF Brno for altogether 15 years. This study involves also recording of meteorological data. In this region, the European larch is an introduced woody species and its share in the stand composition is approximately 8%.
In European larch, the phenological stages have a markedly periodic character but they are also largely dependent on a complex of exogenous conditions, especially of climatic effects; this was corroborated also in studies on the phenology of other forest tree species growing in this region. Results of this phenological study demonstrated that the spring phenophases were influenced above all by air temperatures while the autumn ones were dependent, besides temperatures and precipitation, also on the duration of assimilation apparatus activities. The onset of breaking of needles occurred between Days 89 and the 110 of the calendar year. A full development of the assimilation area was reached between Days 125 and 150. The onset of individual phenophases was determined by threshold air temperatures, which were markedly different in individual forest trees. This requirement could be expressed at best by the sum of effective temperatures (i.e. air temperatures above 5 °C). In the analysed fifteen-year study period, the sum of effective temperatures for European larch ranged from 1 301.0 to 2 337.0 °C within the period delimited by dates of the flushing and 100-percent fall (abscission) of needles.
Results of a long-term phenologic monitoring of forest woody species may be used when evaluating the condition of forest stands from the viewpoint of expected global climatic changes.

Czech Republic has experienced significant changes on the market with food in last two decades. The paper presents summary of results of conducted analyses focusing on changes in levels of most important food categories, changes in consumer preferences, and suggests what trends we can expect in the near future. The analyses were based on date from Czech Statistical Office Yearbooks, EUROSTAT, INCOMA and GfK, and data from primary researches conducted on sample of total 2522 households in the Czech Republic through questionnaire researches in 2005, 2006 and 2007. The results show that in the Czech Republic, the ratio of expenditures for food out of total consumer expenditures is slowly decreasing and advances to (still lower) level typical for traditional EU countries. We have experienced growth of demand for products with higher added value; customers put more emphasis on perceived quality, longer durability and special product characteristics. Czech consumers increase their consumption of vegetables and fruit, bottled beverages, wine and alcoholic beverages, cheese, they decreased their consumption of meat (in total), milk and potatoes, stagnation was typical for bakery products, sugar and fats and oils. Development in all social classes was very similar. For the future, we can expect growing interest for food products in smaller packages and targeted at specific needs, growing demand for food products with higher added value, consumption of food formerly unusual for the Czech, more frequent out-of-home eating, and growing differences between individual segments of social groups, mainly due to uneven income distribution.

The contribution deals with the principles as well as the economic implications of changes in the agriculture entrepreneurial environment. It denotes, that the vision of the European model of multifunctional agriculture is ever more frequently confronted with new challenges invoked by acceleration of globalization processes. Those qualitatively new requirements to agricultural enterprises behaviour as well as to the state intervention, strictly speaking the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), in the branch in a framework of the global markets development is notified there. On the basis of analyses of individual development stages and the manner, in which this sector has been legislatively and economically regulated, it is possible to document in the history of CAP EU the radical development of the European agrarian sector in general and how the CAP reacted to this development. The development concerned both the very agriculture and the agrarian sector and its economic position and changes of the social environment itself and the selection of adequate regulation tools corresponding to the environmental development and changes of situation. We can see that significant regional and structural differences are still hidden behind aggregated data about average economic performance of the agrarian sector of the EU and that different approach and priorities for solutions to individual issues can be chosen, provided that the issues have been identified and assessed in an objective manner. At the sometime these findings can be an opportunity to consider to what extent the individual member states are able to take over the existing rules and use conditions imposed by directives of the Community and to what extent we are able to actively assess the situation of the world agrarian markets and adequately respond to the development of the economic environment in broader international contexts. Amendments of the above mentioned conditions become new impulses determining the direction and dynamics of development of the economic environment; if we intend to preserve or improve our competitive strength, it is necessary to adequately respond to them.

Polders show an important water-management function in the flood-control protection of watersheds. The course of actual floods in recent decades and effects of the water works on flood flows have proved the suitability of the construction within integrated flood-control measures in particular watersheds of the Czech Republic. To determine the transformation effect of flood-control measures in watersheds mathematical modelling is an important method, which is used not only in the preparation and design of retention areas but also in dealing with the flood protection of towns and villages. Easy verification of other measures in watersheds is also useful. Their implementation can be thus prepared for the future or it is possible to back off the intentions. In our case, a fact is advantageous that the model is operated in the workplace of the Elbe Basin water-management dispatching centre, which is compatible with assessed polders in the partial Elbe watershed, namely in the Tichá Orlice watershed and its partial Třebovka watershed. The polders assessed are situated on the Třebovka stream, which is the largest tributary of the Tichá Orlice river. These dry reservoirs and the increased protective function of the Hvězda pond affect runoff from about 80 km². Within research activities, possibilities were studied to obtain necessary retention areas in existing small water reservoirs. It became evident that the only realistic solution was to increase protective functions of the pond Hvězda. Its present total retention space of 1.4 million m³ can be increased only by 0.35 million m³, however, in combination with the sophisticated lay-out of a new emergency spillway and outlet the whole retention space can be used much more effectively. To obtain other retention areas localities were found out in the whole upper watershed of the Třebovka stream, which fulfilled requirements for placing the adequate capacity of polders. Subsequent modifications of the Třebovka channel in the most endangered villages and towns and their capacity design according to transformation effects of selected reservoirs and measures, determination of their effect and comparison with profiles on the Tichá Orlice are the content of the paper.

Three methods of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding for forage yield in two harvest years on locations in Bredelokke (Denmark), Hladké Životice (Czech Republic) and Les Alleuds (France) were compared.
Three types of 46 candivars¹, developed by A₎ recurrent selection in subsequent generations (37 candivars, divided into early and late group), B₎ polycross progenies (4 candivars) and C₎ geno-phenotypic selection (5 candivars) were compared. The trials were sown in 2005 and cut three times in 2006 and 2007; their evaluation is based primarily on total yield of dry matter. The candivars developed by polycross and geno-phenotypic selections gave significantly higher yields than candivars from the recurrent selection. However, the candivars developed by the methods B and C did not differ significantly. The candivars developed by these progressive methods were suitable for higher yielding and drier environment in Hladké Životice (where was the highest yield level even if averaged annual precipitation were lower by 73 and 113 mm in comparison to other locations, respectively); here was average yield higher by 19 and 13% for B and C in comparison to A method. Highly significant interaction of the candivars with locations was found. It can be concluded that varieties specifically aimed to different locations by the methods B and C should be bred; also the parental entries should be selected there.

New data on the morphology, biology and distribution are given for Stigmella irregularis Puplesis, 1994, a species described after several males from Crimea. A combination of black head, ochreous orange frontal tuft, creamy collar and scape, and hindwing black androconial scales are characteristic of the male. The female specimens collected by the present authors together with males, and described for the first time here, having the same morphological characters combined with the transversal forewing band, have been preliminarily attached to this species. Stigmella irregularis develops in the leaves of Pyrus amygdaliformis Vill., adults were collected near Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pallas, and other Pyrus species are also possible host plants. The indistinctly yellow larva forms a narrow, later only slightly dilating mine, with dropping accumulation in its first half. All other nepticulid species mining on Pyrus spp. show green or greenish white larvae. Judging from the occurrence of adults and larvae, the species either produces two or just one extended generation per year. It is known from Crimea, Croatia, Greece (incl. Crete and Rhodos), and Sicily; here it is reported from Croatia for the first time, and the first exact faunistic data are supplied for Greece.

Because of economical reasons the substitution of maize by feed corn as wheat (Sulamit) and triticale (Kitaro) was revolved in concentrate part of dairy cow feeding rations. The design of mentioned replacement in feeding rations was carried out according to results of previous research (Pozdíšek and Vaculová, 2008) for nutrition experiment. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the possible effects of corn replacement in cow feeding rations on milk composition and properties. The expressively different variants of corn were selected for experiment in comparison to maize (reference). Dairy cows were fed by total mixed ration on the basis of maize and clover silage and hay. Otherwise the identical day feeding rations among cow groups differed only in concentrate portions ((K, control group) maize 1.5 kg, wheat (P1) 2.0 kg and triticale (P2) 2.0 kg (experimental groups)). Group feeding rations 1 (K), 2 (P1) and 3 (P2) had: NEL/kg dry (DM) matter (6.524, 6.512 and 6.491); NL % in DM (17.9, 18.2 and 17.9); fibre % in DM (15.96, 15.74 and 15.72); PDIN/PDIE (1.189, 1.189 and 1.191). The experiment took six weeks, there were included 8, 9 and 9 cows (n = 26) of Czech Fleckvieh breed. Feed groups were well balanced in terms of milk yield, days in milk and number of lactation. The tie stable and pipeline milking equipment were used in experiment. Animals were milked twice a day and sampled at morning milking in intervals about seven days approximately. Cows were relatively healthy in terms of occurrence of milk secretion disorders. Within groups the individual milk samples (in total 182 in experiment) were aggregated into bulk samples (n = 21 = 3 groups × 7 sampling periods), which were analysed on 45 milk indicators, 18 of them were evaluated in this paper. The differences in milk yield were significantly advantageous for K group (15.32 > 14.07 (wheat) or 13.86 kg (triticale) at morning milking), while fat (3.27 < 3.47 or 3.44 %) was lower (P < 0.05). Lactose was not influenced. More important differences were in total dry matter, 12.09 (K) < 12.23 (P1) or 12.40 % (P2). While for wheat was not for triticale was similar effect observed in crude protein (CP) of milk (3.08 (K) or 3.05 (P1) < 3.23 % (P2)). Similar trend was also confirmed in casein (CAS; 2.43 or 2.44 < 2.55 %; from P < 0.05 to P < 0.001 for CP and CAS). There were insignificant differences between groups for casein number, pH acidity, electrical conductivity, Mg and Cu (P > 0.05). Milk specific weight was lowest in P1 (P < 0.01), but this indicator is practically less important. More expressive differences were in somatic cell count (SCC) in geometric mean 249 (P2) > 76 (K) or 72 10³/ml (P1). Because of quite typical high SCC variability in triticale P2 group (in opposite to this low variability in K and P1 groups) it could be caused by chance in animal selection for groups and all values met the standard demand for extra quality of milk. Therefore, it is not necessary to over estimate this result. Milk urea as metabolical indicator was higher in wheat group, significantly (P < 0.05) versus triticale group (23.39 (P1) > 20.80 (K) and 20.50 mg/100ml (P2), but all values lay in respected physiological range (from 20 to 30 mg/100ml). In the Ca case it was significantly hig

Paper presents new original application WOOD3D in form of program code assembling. The work extends the previous article "Part I - Theoretical approach" in detail description of implemented C++ classes of utilized projects Visualization Toolkit (VTK), Insight Toolkit (ITK) and MIMX. Code is written in CMake style and it is available as multiplatform application. Currently GNU Linux (32/64b) and MS Windows (32/64b) platforms were released. Article discusses various filter classes for image filtering. Mainly Otsu and Binary threshold filters are classified for anatomy wood samples thresholding. Registration of images series is emphasized for difference of colour spaces compensation is included. Resulted work flow of image analysis is new methodological approach for images processing through the composition, visualization, filtering, registration and finite element mesh formation. Application generates script in ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) which is fully compatible with ANSYS finite element solver and designer environment. The script includes the whole definition of unstructured finite element mesh formed by individual elements and nodes. Due to simple notation, the same script can be used for generation of geometrical entities in element positions. Such formed volumetric entities are prepared for further geometry approximation (e.g. by boolean or more advanced methods). Hexahedral and tetrahedral types of mesh elements are formed on user request with specified mesh options. Hexahedral meshes are formed both with uniform element size and with anisotropic character. Modified octree method for hexahedral mesh with anisotropic character was declared in application. Multicore CPUs in the application are supported for fast image analysis realization. Visualization of image series and consequent 3D image are realized in VTK format sufficiently known and public format, visualized in GPL application Paraview. Future work based on mesh improvement through mesh error statistic, image acquisition and thresholding improvement by more sophisticated filters together with code optimization for fast image analysis is discussed. Also fractal characteristics classification on microscopic scale level is taken into account for further work.