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The production planning is one of the key managerial decisions in agricultural business, which must be done periodically every year. Correct decision must cover the agriculture demands of planting the crops such as crop rotation restrictions or water resource scarcity, while the decision maker aims to plan the crop design in most profitable way in sense of maximizing the total profit from the crop yield. This decision problem represents the optimization of crop design and can be treated by the methods of linear programming which begun to be extensively used in agriculture production planning in USA during 50's. There is ongoing research of mathematical programming applications in agriculture worldwide, but the results are not easily transferable to other localities due to the specific local restrictions in each country. In Czech Republic the farmers use for production planning mainly their expert knowledge and past experience. However, the mathematical programming approach enables find the true optimal solution of the problem, which especially in the problems with a great number of constraints is not easy to find intuitively. One of the possible barriers for using the general decision support systems (which are based on mathematical programming methods) for agriculture production planning in Czech Republic is its expensiveness. The small farmer can not afford to buy the expensive software or to employ a mathematical programming specialist. The aim of this paper is to present a user friendly linear programming model of the typical agricultural production planning problem in Czech Republic which can be solved via software tools commonly available in any farm (e.g. EXCEL). The linear programming model covering the restrictions on total costs, crop rotation, thresholds for the total area sowed by particular crops, total amount of manure and the need of feed crops is developed. The model is applied in real-world problem of Czech agriculture cooperative and the results of its solution are compared to the real decision made. The applicability of the model in every day agriculture managerial practice in Czech Republic is discussed and its possible enlargement is mentioned.

The objective of the present study was to explore the polymorphism of microsatellite markers localised on chromosomes 3H and 7H in 15 genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), spring form (2n = 2x = 14 chromosomes, genome H^VH^V) from the collection of genetic resources of the Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd. showing various degrees of susceptibility to Rhynchosporium secalis. The selection of SSR markers was based on hitherto achieved knowledge according to which the greatest amount of resistance genes against Rhynchosporium secalis is localised on chromosomes 3H and 7H of barley. We selected 33 SSR markers for the analyses; 17 were localised on chromosome 3H of barley and 16 on chromosome 7H. Out of the total 33 SSR markers, 32 were polymorphous and one marker (Bmac0282) was monomorphic. In total we detected 172 alleles ranging between 101 and 235 bp; the average number of alleles per locus was 5.21. In terms of the polymorphism of the SSR markers localised on chromosomes 3H and 7H the highest polymorphism (60%) was detected in the Bmag0006 and Bmag0021 SSR markers; the lowest in the Bmag0877 and EBmac0713 markers, i.e. 20% and 13.3%, respectively. The average polymorphism based on analyses of 17 SSR markers on chromosome 3H was 37.6% and of 16 SSR markers on chromosome 7H was 31.3%. We also calculated the statistical indicators of the variability rate characteristics of the individual microsatellite markers: diversity index (DI) which ranged between 0.000 and 0.907 (on average 0.704); polymorphous information content (PIC) ranging between 0.000 and 0.906 (on average 0.679); and probability identity (PI) ranging between 0.006 and 1.000 (on average 0.137). On the basis of constructed dendrograms for SSR markers of both chromosomes together it was possible to divide the analysed set into cluster I of genotypes resistant and cluster II of genotypes susceptible and moderately susceptible to Rhynchosporium secalis, and was not possible in dendrograms of individual chromosomes.

The subject of the Rájec project (the Drahanská vysočina Upland) consists in the analysis of ecological impacts of intensive management in spruce monocultures growing on original sites of beech. Long-term studies were aimed at particular stand and environment stages after clear-felling regeneration and at the origin of a spruce monoculture of the 2^nd generation. The establishment of the spruce monoculture can be considered to be most important. The highest attention was paid to the monoculture both from the aspect of carbon and nitrogen in particular components of the forest stand and their transport processes as well as from the aspect of water regime and biodiversity. The study was also aimed at the first stage of the clear-felled area development after felling a mature stand and also at functions of the herb vegetation, which reached its maximum production 4 to 7 years after felling. The paper objective was to assess spruce monocultures even outside their natural range from the aspect of changes in the forest environment as well as from the aspect of possible global changes of climate.

Due to the expansion of phylloxera into European vineyards rootstocks became an integral part of successful modern growing of grapevine. Breeding of rootstocks and their selection for resistance against both biotic and abiotic factors can be classified as a biotechnology. In this respect, the capability of grapevine plants to adapt themselves to pedological conditions, especially to drought and a high content of lime (or factors inducing their chlorosis) represents a very important breeding goal. In this survey possible causes of lime-induced chlorosis and drought damage and their consequences are analysed. Some important drought-and-lime induced chlorosis-related properties of some selected rootstocks are mentioned as well.

The paper deals with the results of a pilot study themed "Czech students and EU", which adumbrated a prepared extensive research in graduation years of secondary schools of the region Vysočina on the occasion of the Czech chairmanship in the European Union in the first half-year of 2009. The pilot study included 362 students of the Polytechnic College in Jihlava. Its objective consisted particularly in the rectification of a questionnaire and exploratory research into relationships between the knowledge and opinion parts of questionnaires even within the both mentioned parts by means of factor analysis and methods of structural modelling. With respect to the considerable number of respondents and standard conditions, which were ensured at completing the questionnaires it is not possible to ignore even results concerning the knowledge and views of the group of respondents as a whole as well as particular specific segments. Our research was inspired by a "Eurobarometer", but with respect to a fact that (unlike the Standard Eurobarometer) it refers to a specific target group, ie studying young people, it concerns only partly and only in some questions comparable examination. Therefore, the questionnaire (in contrast to Eurobarometer) involves also the knowledge part. This part includes eight fields. With respect to the study orientation of the respondents surprisingly worse results occur particularly in fields Institution, politics and law of EU (30% successfulness) and Economy and finance of EU (37% successfulness). On the contrary, the highest successfulness (of course, only relatively) was noted in fields Culture, education and sport in EU (63%). Generally, knowledge of students can be unambiguously evaluated as poor. The opinion part includes in total 20 items, which are divided into five fields. In particular respondents, sex, the size of the place of residence, political profile, social group of a household, ideas of a future carrier, knowledge of languages and interest in problems of EU were determined by means of identification questions. As for the opinion part, it is possible to state that opinions of students are not too marked (answers in the central part of an evaluation scale predominate but, at the same time, all values of the scale were used in all questions) and differences between segments of respondents are generally insignificant. The subject of the paper is particularly aimed at the analysis of results of the opinion part, in the concrete eight items from two fields (Social dimension of EU and Me and EU). For the first area, segments were compared according to sex and political orientation and for the second area, according to sex, language knowledge and interest in EU problems.

As a consequence of a rapidly changing environment, the success of organizations is dependent upon the ongoing and immediate adjustments of their information systems as reactions to these changes. Therefore, flexibility becomes one of the most crucial features in information systems. This paper specifies a data model oriented framework for the development of flexible information systems. The result of such process is a system that is sufficiently general and flexible in relation to solving problems related to changing environment. From general requirements related to data layer of information systems the paper discusses the definition of major elements of logical data model (entities and their hierarchical arrangement, attributes of the entities and their important characteristics, relationships among entities and their characteristics) as well as possibilities of implementation and definition of application logic and data presentation. Proposed framework enables the organization to specify its own database structure, which best matches the situation of the organization and its environment. Because an approach similar to meta-data approaches is applied, methods for information sharing and interchange can be easily specified as well as program logic for manipulation with the data base on the application layer and data presentation.

Rheological properties of Brie cheese with different time of ripening (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks) were evaluated. This evaluation has been performed using the indentation test at the constant speed of the indentor penetration (20 mm/min). Two types of the indentors (bar and ball) have been used. The hardness of the cheese increased during the first three weeks of the ripening and than it decreased. The properties evaluated from the indentation test approved the isotropic behaviour of the tested cheese. The viscoelastic properties of the tested cheese have been obtained. The se properties were achieved using a methodology enabling to convert the indentation force-displacement response into the stress-strain relations. The obtained viscoelastic properties are independent on the used type of the indentor.

The paper is focused on appreciation of differentiation of demographic development in CR regions. There are defined key factors of essential influence in a demographic situation on the basis of principal component analysis. With use cluster analysis there were created groups of regions with similar development. Analysis of basic regional differences follows.
Pieces of knowledge introduced in this paper resulted from solution of an institutional research intention MSM 6046070906 "Economics of resources of Czech agriculture and their efficient use in frame of multifunctional agri-food systems".

Objective of the paper is to point out selected patterns of Slovak consumers based on analysis of buying behaviour. Results of presented survey of consumer buying patterns and preferences have pointed out key characteristics of buying behaviour of Slovak consumers. We're able to confirm that new business companies as hypermarket and supermarket became main place for food shopping. Totally 72% of respondents indicated them as the type of store where they spend largest share of food expenses. The self-service shop, traditional business units, is still the shopping place for 14% of respondents. The most important factors influencing selection of the type of store are closeness and location of the store, assortment and product quality, store personnel and price level. More than half of the respondents consider opening times the key service for choosing the place for shopping. 49.6% of respondents is using car to do shopping, 35.5% of respondents walk. 32.5% of respondents is using advertising leaflets to plan what to buy. 14.6% of respondents answered that even though receiving leaflets, they don't read them. 31.3% of respondents are holders of loyalty cards. Most visited retail chain is Tesco.
Currently building of large-scale business formats slowed down and retail chains try to get closer towards customer not only by reducing floor space but above all by locating the stores in the centre of cities with lower population.

The aim of the study was evaluate the influence of season and sires on profit and quality of embryos after superovulated treatment. Next we evaluated the conception rate after transfer of fresh and frozen embryos.
In 1991-2004 there were used the beef cattle.
Into the basic statistic evaluation it was involved 487 realised embryo recoveries and 2008 realised transfers in 1991-2004. Data for database were obtaining from ETprotocols - ET team Research Institute for Cattle Breeding, Ltd., Rapotin, prof. Říha. The data processing was carried out by means of the common variation-statistical methods.
The best results were achieved in summer (suitable 3.68 ± 3.65; the ratio of the suitable and total: 59.3%) and in autumn (suitable 3.54 ± 3.80; the ratio: 54.48%) and the good results, little different from the summer and autumn results, were achieved in spring.
The average number of the recovered ova of the chosen breeds sires were variable (from 6.60 ± 6.17 in Blonde d'Aquitaine to 17.16 ± 6.66 in Charolais). The most of the suitable embryos was recovered in the donors inseminated by the Hereford breed sires (7.15 ± 6.42). It was evaluated the above-average conception in the Simmental breed (63.43 %).

The baking industry is one of the most important parts of the Czech food processing industry.
The Czech baking industry has a bigger price differential compared to other Europe Union bakers than occurs with any other industry. Therefore the Czech government has integrated plans to improve this competitive advantage.
The up-to-date trends are compared with the main European bakery producers and consumers-Germany in this paper. The research is focused on the analysis of the basic factors of supply and demand in the bakery markets of both these countries.
During the recent period of time there have been many researchers from the FBE MUAF in Brno, who focused on the environment in the branch, e.g. Bečvářová (2005), Černíková and Žufan (2004); Chládková and Kudová (2004), Tomšík and Chládková (2005), Syrovátka (2000), Veselská (2005). The research on trade in food is solved firstly by Presová and Tvrdoň (2005).

In the paper an approach to support of strategic management process using the Balanced Scorecard method is discussed. The main focus is primarily directed to the customer perspective as the most important determining factor of today's strategic management. The article suggests general framework for construction of individual performance indicators from this field independently on particular implementation of existing information system in the organization. Methods of gaining necessary information from organization's database and from organization's environment using customer research are considered.

The paper deals with the yields of Festulolium, Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius and Festulolium-Dactylis glomerata mixture during the growing season and at the end of the growing season. The yields were assessed in the Bohemian-Moravian upland at 560 m a.s.l. A small-plot experiment was established in three repetitions. The assessment was made in three subsequent years. The experiment was annually fertilized with 50 kg.ha^-1 N, 30 kg.ha^-1 P and 60 kg.ha^-1 K. Evaluated were dry matter yields and RYT values (Relative Yield Total) in the mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata. In summer, the sward was used either for one cut (harvest in early June) or two cuts (harvests in early June and late July). At the end of the growing season, the stand was harvested in October or in November or in December. Yields of the first cut in early June ranged from 5.90 to 9.12 t.ha^-1. Yields of the second cut in late July ranged from 1.05 to 4.60 t.ha^-1. Statistic difference between the species was significant (P < 0.05) in the respective cuts. Total yields of dry matter in the growing season ranged from 7.51 to 10.05 t.ha^-1. Number of cuts and year showed a statistically highly significant influence (P < 0.01) on DM yields. The mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata exhibited an additive relation (RYT = 1) in the first cut and an antagonistic relation (RYT < 1) in the second cut. At the end of the growing season, the yields ranged from 0.71 to 2.27 t.ha^-1. Average yields of one-cut swards (harvested in summer in early June) were at the end of the growing season 2.27 t.ha^-1 and average yields of two-cut swards (harvested in summer in early June and late July) were 0.79 t.ha^-1. From October to December, the yields were decreasing from 1.78 to 1.32 t.ha^-1. Species, number of cuts in summer, harvest date at the end of the growing season and year showed a statistically highly significant influence (P < 0.01) on dry matter yields. In the first two production years, the mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata exhibited an antagonistic relation (RYT < 1) at the end of the growing season. In the third production year, the relation between Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata as expressed by the RYT value could be identified as synergic (RYT > 1).

Natural resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV), the agent of sharka disease, is one of the most important traits of interest to stone fruit breeders, although few sources of resistance have been identified. One of the few apricot cultivars which does show resistance, 'Harlayne', was chosen for a study of the genetics of PPV resistance. It was crossed with three different cultivars, two susceptible ('Vestar' and 'Strepet') and one immune ('Orangered'). Four different lines (since there was one reciprocal combination) were established and the F1 crosses were subsequently inoculated with the PPV-M and PPV-D strains by grafting infected buds. A woody indicator Prunus persica 'GF 305' was then also top-grafted onto the plants of three of these F1 populations. The observations of leaf symptoms and accompanying ELISA tests were performed over three, or in one case five, growing seasons and then hybrids were classified accordingly, as either resistant or susceptible. The resistant : susceptible ratios were calculated and compared with expected theoretical ratios using the χ²-test. The ratios of resistant to susceptible plants in the progeny derived from the four apricot crosses are compatible with the hypothesis of three dominant genes being responsible for PPV resistance, with 'Harlayne' being heterozygous for all three genes. However, the possibility that resistance is controlled by just two dominant genes can not be ruled out just yet.

Our research object was to record and to measure as much as possible Akhalteke horses, which are bred in Czech Republic, Russia and Kazakhstan. We measured and recorded 3 basic body measures - Height at withers, chest girth and girth of cannon. The only condition we have was the age of horses determined on to 3.5 years and older. At the end we recorded 260 horses. We divided the values to the groups according to state, sex and age cathegory. We use the GLM method and Tukey-B test to evaluate the results. The results of the analyse of the Height at withers (HW) shew the statistically conclusively lower values of Czech horses than in horses from Russia and Kazakhstan. The average of the HW of Czech Akhalteke horses is 154.0385cm, in comparison with Russia 157.94 cm and Kazakhstanu 156.53 cm. Next we found the statistically conclusive differencies of the values of the Girth of Chest (GCh) between Akhalteke horses from Russia (179.65 cm), Czech Akhalteke horses (177.08 cm) and horses from Kazakhstan (174.82 cm). Also the Akhalteke mares (180.06 cm) had the statistically conclusivelly higher the GCh than stallions (176.58 cm).

Drip irrigation constitute one of the general factor by viticulture production. Their wide utilization it is possible expect in warm south exposed regions of southern Moravia. Gist is deficienty of rainfall during the vegetation (about 500 mm), which espressivo yield and qualities performance. Principal aim research design solving on constitution horticultural techniques is verify and valorize influence drip irrigation on growth vine guilty and qualities her performance in climatic and soil conditions of southern Moravia. Subsequently formulate valid findings for users of drip irrigation, which enable their efficient utilization behind contemporary reservation regular, high-quality harvest.

In 2002-2006, mapping the goshawk (Accipiter gentilis L.) population was carried out at the SE edge of the Chřiby Upland, the Czech Republic. At the same time, the food spectrum of the predator was determined in detail in 2004. The studied area amounted to about 30 km². In the area, 5 nest localities occurred. Each year five occupied nests were observed. The food spectrum was analysed according to leftovers of food in nests and in the vicinity of the nests. In total, 387 leftovers of food were found. Birds represented 52%, mammals 42% and other animals (insect, reptiles etc.) 6% of prey. The population of goshawk was monitored from the period of a wedding flight to a period when young birds left their nest during the period of five years. The number of eggs was on average 2.9 per one nest. The total number of laid eggs was 73 during five years. The number of brood was on average 2.7 per one nest. Sex ratio was 47/53 per cent in favour of males. The total number of hatched birds was 68 during five years, out of the number 32 females and 36 males. Moreover, dimensions of nests at particular localities were also determined. The diameter of nests was on average 72.2 cm and the mean height of the actual nest was 48 cm. Nests occurred at an average height of 21.3 m.

The aim of this study was to explore the depression effects of level of inbreeding on kg of fat and protein presented in the form of breeding values. The data included cows calved in the years 1990-2006 at farms in the Czech Republic. Inbred cows were grouped according to F_x coefficients (F_x = 1.25%, F_x = 2.0-3.125%, F_x = 4.0-12.5% and F_x = total). The breeding values for inbred cows were compared with their outbred equals (2689 equals in sum) - half-sisters, sharing the same sire, dam reaching the same breeding value (± 5%) and their first calving occurring at the same farm, at the same time (±2 month). The PROC GLM of SAS^® with fixed effects (age at first calving, year of calving, number of lactations, first calving interval and relative breeding value of sire and dam were applied to all data).
In the groups with F_x coefficients (F_x= 1.25 %, F_x = 2.0-3.125 %, F_x = 4.0-12.5 % and F_x = total) we found a decrease in the breeding values of kg fat in inbred cows of -1.48; 0.17; -8.26 and -0.51 kg. In the case of protein content the depressed production in inbred cows was: -0.58; -0.48; -3.21 and -0.94 kg. These differences were significant (p ≤ 0.01) in the group with the highest F_x value (F_x = 4.0-12.5%). The inbred animals showed higher variability within the range of observed corrected breeding values (Y_ijklmno) for kg of fat and protein.
The results also show that increasing the level of parents (as RBV) caused a very significant increase in production both in inbred and outbred daughters but greater increase in fat and protein was evident in the non-inbred cows.

This paper concentrates on the problems of documents quality evaluation and perception. It presents the results of our own research which was made at our faculty in last months. The research was aimed at marketing materials, their quality and their evaluation by customers. After another comparative research we have concentrated on the question of typography and its evaluation by customers. It has been proved that typography, although not very visible for many readers, does influence readers' evaluation of the whole document.
Quality evaluation is influenced by what readers usually see around them but also by what are they taught at schools. For that reason we should influence readers and teach them how should be documents designed. Future specialist should know about this problem.
Aim of the research was to find how typography influences readers and whether is the typographic quality evaluation influenced by teaching at school. We have been comparing two groups of respondents, of which one was influenced by typography education and one was not. Respondent were asked to fill in a questionnaire which concentrated on right and wrong characteristic of the text. Result analysis has proved that the group influenced by typography lessons had better results. These conclusions will be applied in the new education plan for an innovation of education courses.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between growing degree day method and accumulation of root reserve saccharides before over wintering by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the condition of Czech Republic. In 2002-2004, the field experiment was conducted at the Research station of the Czech University of Life Sciences in central Bohemia. The interval between summer and last autumn harvest was 40-50 days or 60-70 days, respectively. These intervals were expressed as cumulative growing degree-days (GDD) for each year. The plants were sampled in each autumn with four replicates for each variant; the average depth of sampling was 150 mm. The weight of roots, amount of starch, and water soluble saccharides (WSC) per m² was determined. The total accumulation of root reserve saccharides was determined mainly by conditions during all vegetation period. The length of the interval or cumulative GDD influenced only variation of this basic amount. The GDD was corresponded better with starch content whilst WSC was more related to length of the interval. In central Bohemia condition, the GDD 600-700 °C was preliminary determined for maximal accumulation of root reserve saccharides. The GDD above this level did not significantly increase the root reserve accumulation. For exact verify of this model, other experiments in more sites are needed.

The new method of the evaluation of the mechanical behaviour of fats has been designed. This method is based on the evaluation of the fat response to dynamic loading. Dynamic loading has been realized by fall of bar impact. Response function has been represented by the time history of the fat surface displacement. Response of the tested table fats have been evaluated both in the time and frequency domain. Two factors affected rheology of the examined fat products: temperature of the measurement and product origin. The influence of fat content can be described namely in the frequency domain. The results obtained between 14 and 20 °C showed significant differences in the fat rigidity.

If the hypothesis on exponentially distributed claims in a risk (or surplus) model is untenable then, in many cases, the assumption that they are mixtures of two (or more) exponentials is a suitable substitute. In the first part of the paper tests of homogeneity for exponentially distributed claims are discussed and their properties are stated. The statistical properties of parameter estimations for such claims are also mentioned. In the second part the classical Cramer-Lundberg ruin model is discussed when claims are distributed as mixtures of exponentials. Our attention is focussed primarily on assesment of accuracy of approximations obtained. Then our results are compared to those already known.

The regional GDP is used in the European Union as the important indicator to the distribution of the European funds. However in the Czech Republic this indicator has had only a short history because regional GDP started to be constructed in the half of the ninetieth. The aims of the paper are to present and evaluate the progress in the process of the regionalization of the GDP in the Czech Republic, review economic productivity of the Czech regions (level NUTS 2 and NUTS 3) and finally point out the persisting weaknesses of the regionalization of the GDP in the Czech Republic. First part of the paper describes problematic beginnings of the process of the regionalization of the GDP, evaluates changes of the methodology and discusses the actual state of this affair. Second part of the paper describes the variability of GDP among the Czech regions at level NUTS 2 and NUTS 3. Alternative modifications of the indicator GDP (for example GDP, GDP per capita, rate of growth) are used in this regional analysis. Consecutively relative positions of individual regions in the Czech Republic are discussed. There are pointed out some contradictions in the Czech regional statistics in this paper. The defined drawbacks indicate possible way of the research into the future.

The hyperprolific line is considered to be maximally effective in pursuit of progress in sow's reproduction. Hyperprolific line efficiency is commonly evaluated in regard of breeding herd progress. We decided to study how effective it is with respect to increasing of litter size in multiplication herd. Our study is specific by using the data from practice, concretely it is based on the information about the ancestor of sows in multiplication herd. The ancestors could be the member either hyperprolific line or normal line. The information about performances of sows breed in multiplication herd was known. The mixed linear models in SAS for Windows 9.1.2. were conducted to statistical analysis. Our results indicated that no significant effect on litter size was achieved by selection criteria used in the hyperprolific line creation. In studied population no differences between TNB, NBA or NW were found on the 1^st as well as on the 1^st-5^th litters. As we have mentioned above, the study is specific by using the data from practice. Therefore the studied population size is limited. It is necessary to take into consideration when the results are applied. Nevertheless, the results shown that other studies with larger population should be done to reevaluate the selection criteria.

Directing and concentrating structures are used mainly on water coursers with unstable channel and major sediment transport or in areas with major bank erosion. The main purpose of these structures is to redirect water flow from the stressed and very often eroded bank to the centre of the channel or other parts of the channel, where the water flow may be used e.g. for dispersion of unsuitable deposit before its eventual stabilization by natural succession.
Another important goal is to achieve a desired change of the stream channel by using the transporting power of the water flow and targeted depositing of sediment. In the area of the deflecting structure (deflector), so-called hydraulic shadow also appears where sediment deposits. The objective is to achieve depositing of sediments at desired places of the stream.
It is possible to design a whole range of suitable or less suitable types of flow deflectors. In our article, we will particularly focus on problems of revitalization of a water course; that is design of structures from biological or biotechnical elements for channel stabilization.

The objective of this experiment was to determine the ruminal degradability of starch using the in vitro method. Maize silages from whole plants (MS), maize cob silage prepared by ensiling of the cobs with bracts (MCS), and maize grain silages (MGS) were compared with maize grain (MG). The tested feeds differed in total starch contents. Averaged starch contents with standard deviation values were 343.3 ± 18.7 g/kg for MS; 522.0 ± 8.9 g/kg for MCS; 727.9 ± 16.9 g/kg for MGS; and 682.8 ± 22.6 g/kg dry matter for MG. The in vitro ruminal degradability of starch was determined by the feed incubation period - for 2, 4, 6, 16 and 24 hours. The higher degradation was observed at the 4-h of incubation for maize silage from whole plants (46.6 ± 4.9 %), maize cob silage (41.2 ± 1.6 %) and maize grain silage (39.7 ± 1.4 %) as compared to maize grain (32.0 ± 1.0 %). Enhanced values of the in vitro ruminal degradability of starch continued to increase until the 24-h of incubation, when the differences between silages and maize grain were balanced. A significant difference of the curves of degradability profile was found between silages and maize grain (P < 0.0001) but was not significant between MS, MCS and MGS.

Increasing demands of the present society lead to an effort to rationalize logging operations in forest management. Therefore, multi-function logging machines are increasingly used in the course of timber harvesting. Nevertheless, the economic effectiveness of these machines is affected not only by their productivity or environmentally friendly operations but also the quality of performed work. It can be evaluated by the assessment of the quality of produced assortments. Decreasing quality of produced logs can result in the reduction of marketability and wood price. Thus, the aim of this paper is to determine some defects originating at the harvester production of assortments and specification of their potential causes.

Biomass as one of the renewable resources of energy has bright future in utilization, especially in obtaining various forms of energy (heat, electrical energy, gas).
According to the conception of energy policy of the Czech Republic and according to the fulfillment of the indicators of renewable resources using until the year 2010, the research of thermophysical characteristics of biofuels was realized.
There were acquired considerable amount of results by combustion and gasification process on the basis of three-year project "Biomass energy parameters." By means of combustion and gasification tests of various (biomass) fuels were acquired the results which were not published so far.
Acquired results are published in the fuel sheets, which are divided into four parts. They consist of information on fuel composition, ash composition, testing conditions and measurand overview. Measurements were realized for the process of combustion, fluidized-bed gasification and fixed-bed gasification. Following fuels were tested: Acacia, Pine, Birch, Beech, Spruce, Poplar, Willow, Rape, Amaranth, Corn, Flax, Wheat, Safflower, Mallow, and Sorrel.

The behaviour of the Edam cheese during its maturation under dynamic loading has been studied. The block of tested cheese has been loaded by the impact of an aluminium bar. The force between bar and cheese has been recorded. The surface displacements as well as the surface velocities have been obtained at the different points from the point of the bar impact using of the laser vibrometers. Response functions have been evaluated both in the time and frequency domains. It has been found that the degree of the cheese maturity is well characterized by the attenuation of the surface displacement maximum. This maturation is also described by the maximum of the impact force. The spectral analysis of the response functions revealed that there was a dominant frequency, which depends only on the degree of the cheese maturity. The developed method represents a promising procedure for the continuous recording of the cheese ripening.

This paper deals with efficiency testing of the Czech stock market. In this work there are defined different forms of efficiency, whereas key attention is focused on the weak-form of market efficiency. The goal of this paper is to find the weak-form of efficiency with the help of various tests. We have used some basic methods for our analysis: the autocorrelation coefficient, the Ljung-Box test and selected tests of normality - some classical normality tests (the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Jarque-Bera test, the Lilliefors test) and some robust normality tests (the robust Jarque-Bera test, the directed SJ test and medcouple MC-LR test). Source data for purpose of testing of weak-form of efficiency include years from 2000 to 2008, whereas daily and monthly logarithmic returns of the stock exchange market index PX are analyzed. In this paper we also analyze the daily and monthly logarithmic returns of the U.S. stock exchange market index DJI for purposes of comparison.