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The objective of the present study was to explore the polymorphism of microsatellite markers localised on chromosomes 3H and 7H in 15 genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), spring form (2n = 2x = 14 chromosomes, genome H^VH^V) from the collection of genetic resources of the Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd. showing various degrees of susceptibility to Rhynchosporium secalis. The selection of SSR markers was based on hitherto achieved knowledge according to which the greatest amount of resistance genes against Rhynchosporium secalis is localised on chromosomes 3H and 7H of barley. We selected 33 SSR markers for the analyses; 17 were localised on chromosome 3H of barley and 16 on chromosome 7H. Out of the total 33 SSR markers, 32 were polymorphous and one marker (Bmac0282) was monomorphic. In total we detected 172 alleles ranging between 101 and 235 bp; the average number of alleles per locus was 5.21. In terms of the polymorphism of the SSR markers localised on chromosomes 3H and 7H the highest polymorphism (60%) was detected in the Bmag0006 and Bmag0021 SSR markers; the lowest in the Bmag0877 and EBmac0713 markers, i.e. 20% and 13.3%, respectively. The average polymorphism based on analyses of 17 SSR markers on chromosome 3H was 37.6% and of 16 SSR markers on chromosome 7H was 31.3%. We also calculated the statistical indicators of the variability rate characteristics of the individual microsatellite markers: diversity index (DI) which ranged between 0.000 and 0.907 (on average 0.704); polymorphous information content (PIC) ranging between 0.000 and 0.906 (on average 0.679); and probability identity (PI) ranging between 0.006 and 1.000 (on average 0.137). On the basis of constructed dendrograms for SSR markers of both chromosomes together it was possible to divide the analysed set into cluster I of genotypes resistant and cluster II of genotypes susceptible and moderately susceptible to Rhynchosporium secalis, and was not possible in dendrograms of individual chromosomes.

The subject of the Rájec project (the Drahanská vysočina Upland) consists in the analysis of ecological impacts of intensive management in spruce monocultures growing on original sites of beech. Long-term studies were aimed at particular stand and environment stages after clear-felling regeneration and at the origin of a spruce monoculture of the 2^nd generation. The establishment of the spruce monoculture can be considered to be most important. The highest attention was paid to the monoculture both from the aspect of carbon and nitrogen in particular components of the forest stand and their transport processes as well as from the aspect of water regime and biodiversity. The study was also aimed at the first stage of the clear-felled area development after felling a mature stand and also at functions of the herb vegetation, which reached its maximum production 4 to 7 years after felling. The paper objective was to assess spruce monocultures even outside their natural range from the aspect of changes in the forest environment as well as from the aspect of possible global changes of climate.

Due to the expansion of phylloxera into European vineyards rootstocks became an integral part of successful modern growing of grapevine. Breeding of rootstocks and their selection for resistance against both biotic and abiotic factors can be classified as a biotechnology. In this respect, the capability of grapevine plants to adapt themselves to pedological conditions, especially to drought and a high content of lime (or factors inducing their chlorosis) represents a very important breeding goal. In this survey possible causes of lime-induced chlorosis and drought damage and their consequences are analysed. Some important drought-and-lime induced chlorosis-related properties of some selected rootstocks are mentioned as well.

The paper deals with the results of a pilot study themed "Czech students and EU", which adumbrated a prepared extensive research in graduation years of secondary schools of the region Vysočina on the occasion of the Czech chairmanship in the European Union in the first half-year of 2009. The pilot study included 362 students of the Polytechnic College in Jihlava. Its objective consisted particularly in the rectification of a questionnaire and exploratory research into relationships between the knowledge and opinion parts of questionnaires even within the both mentioned parts by means of factor analysis and methods of structural modelling. With respect to the considerable number of respondents and standard conditions, which were ensured at completing the questionnaires it is not possible to ignore even results concerning the knowledge and views of the group of respondents as a whole as well as particular specific segments. Our research was inspired by a "Eurobarometer", but with respect to a fact that (unlike the Standard Eurobarometer) it refers to a specific target group, ie studying young people, it concerns only partly and only in some questions comparable examination. Therefore, the questionnaire (in contrast to Eurobarometer) involves also the knowledge part. This part includes eight fields. With respect to the study orientation of the respondents surprisingly worse results occur particularly in fields Institution, politics and law of EU (30% successfulness) and Economy and finance of EU (37% successfulness). On the contrary, the highest successfulness (of course, only relatively) was noted in fields Culture, education and sport in EU (63%). Generally, knowledge of students can be unambiguously evaluated as poor. The opinion part includes in total 20 items, which are divided into five fields. In particular respondents, sex, the size of the place of residence, political profile, social group of a household, ideas of a future carrier, knowledge of languages and interest in problems of EU were determined by means of identification questions. As for the opinion part, it is possible to state that opinions of students are not too marked (answers in the central part of an evaluation scale predominate but, at the same time, all values of the scale were used in all questions) and differences between segments of respondents are generally insignificant. The subject of the paper is particularly aimed at the analysis of results of the opinion part, in the concrete eight items from two fields (Social dimension of EU and Me and EU). For the first area, segments were compared according to sex and political orientation and for the second area, according to sex, language knowledge and interest in EU problems.

As a consequence of a rapidly changing environment, the success of organizations is dependent upon the ongoing and immediate adjustments of their information systems as reactions to these changes. Therefore, flexibility becomes one of the most crucial features in information systems. This paper specifies a data model oriented framework for the development of flexible information systems. The result of such process is a system that is sufficiently general and flexible in relation to solving problems related to changing environment. From general requirements related to data layer of information systems the paper discusses the definition of major elements of logical data model (entities and their hierarchical arrangement, attributes of the entities and their important characteristics, relationships among entities and their characteristics) as well as possibilities of implementation and definition of application logic and data presentation. Proposed framework enables the organization to specify its own database structure, which best matches the situation of the organization and its environment. Because an approach similar to meta-data approaches is applied, methods for information sharing and interchange can be easily specified as well as program logic for manipulation with the data base on the application layer and data presentation.

Rheological properties of Brie cheese with different time of ripening (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks) were evaluated. This evaluation has been performed using the indentation test at the constant speed of the indentor penetration (20 mm/min). Two types of the indentors (bar and ball) have been used. The hardness of the cheese increased during the first three weeks of the ripening and than it decreased. The properties evaluated from the indentation test approved the isotropic behaviour of the tested cheese. The viscoelastic properties of the tested cheese have been obtained. The se properties were achieved using a methodology enabling to convert the indentation force-displacement response into the stress-strain relations. The obtained viscoelastic properties are independent on the used type of the indentor.

The paper is focused on appreciation of differentiation of demographic development in CR regions. There are defined key factors of essential influence in a demographic situation on the basis of principal component analysis. With use cluster analysis there were created groups of regions with similar development. Analysis of basic regional differences follows.
Pieces of knowledge introduced in this paper resulted from solution of an institutional research intention MSM 6046070906 "Economics of resources of Czech agriculture and their efficient use in frame of multifunctional agri-food systems".

Objective of the paper is to point out selected patterns of Slovak consumers based on analysis of buying behaviour. Results of presented survey of consumer buying patterns and preferences have pointed out key characteristics of buying behaviour of Slovak consumers. We're able to confirm that new business companies as hypermarket and supermarket became main place for food shopping. Totally 72% of respondents indicated them as the type of store where they spend largest share of food expenses. The self-service shop, traditional business units, is still the shopping place for 14% of respondents. The most important factors influencing selection of the type of store are closeness and location of the store, assortment and product quality, store personnel and price level. More than half of the respondents consider opening times the key service for choosing the place for shopping. 49.6% of respondents is using car to do shopping, 35.5% of respondents walk. 32.5% of respondents is using advertising leaflets to plan what to buy. 14.6% of respondents answered that even though receiving leaflets, they don't read them. 31.3% of respondents are holders of loyalty cards. Most visited retail chain is Tesco.
Currently building of large-scale business formats slowed down and retail chains try to get closer towards customer not only by reducing floor space but above all by locating the stores in the centre of cities with lower population.

Lilac sage (Whorled sage), as one of the medicinal plants chosen as perspective for the recultivation of flowering meadows in the Czech Republic, was studied for the variability of its morphological characters, seed quality and content of essential oil. Seven particular populations of this genus were studied in the Czech Republic and there were found statistically significant differences in morphological characters (height and width of plants, length and width of leaves and length of inflorescences) but not in the content of the essential oil. Studied populations reached only between 0.028 and 0.072% of essential oil in dry mass and also the quality of seeds was found very low (germination between 0-52%) in the seeds from natural localities but this fact could be influenced by testing method.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I - 1077) addition in the diet of dairy cows on their rumen fermentation. Animals received a diet consisting of good maize silage with a higher dry matter content (18 kg), 6 kg of lucerne haylage, 5 kg of pea - silage, 3 kg of ensiled high moisture crimped corn, 1 kg of meadow hay, rape-cake 1 kg, brewer's grain silage 4 kg, and 8.0 kg feed mixture. The yeast culture was added to the mixture in the dose 2.8*10¹⁰ cfu/day and cow. The supplement of yeast culture showed a positive effect on ruminal VFA production by experimental group cows in comparison with control, higher production (P < 0.01) of acetic acid (58.50 ± 1.2583^b vs. 51.833 ± 2.409^a %), and lower production of propionic and butyric acid (24.667 ± 1.3744^a vs. 28.833 ± 1.863^b %). The average utilisation of ammonia was higher by cows in treated group (12.267 ± 0.754 mmol/L), but difference was not significant. The difference in number of protozoa of cows in the control and experimental groups was significant (P < 0.05) different (308.333 ± 24.390^a vs. 342.333 ± 10.9341^b ths /1 ml of rumen fluid).

The decision support systems commonly used in industry and economy managerial practice for optimizing the processes are based on algoritmization of the typical decision problems. In Czech forestry business, there is a lack of developed decision support systems, which could be easily used in daily practice. This stems from the fact, that the application of optimization methods is less successful in forestry decision making than in industry or economy due to inherent complexity of the forestry decision problems. There is worldwide ongoing research on optimization models applicable in forestry decision making, but the results are not globally applicable and moreover the cost of possibly arising software tools are indispensable. Especially small and medium forestry companies in Czech Republic can not afford such additional costs, although the results of optimization could positively influence not only the business itself but also the impact of forestry business on the environment. Hence there is a need for user friendly optimization models for forestry decision making in the area of Czech Republic, which could be easily solved in commonly available software, and whose results would be both, realistic and easily applicable in the daily decision making.
The aim of this paper is to develop the optimization model for the machinery use planning in Czech logging firm in such a way, that the results can be obtained using MS EXCEL. The goal is to identify the integer number of particular machines which should be outsourced for the next period, when the total cost minimization is required. The linear programming model is designed covering the typical restrictions on available machinery and total volume of trees to be cut and transported. The model offers additional result in the form of optimal employment of particular machines. The solution procedure is described in detail and the results obtained are discussed with respect to its applicability in practical forestry decision making. The possibility of extension of suggested model by including additional requirements is mentioned and the example for the wood manipulation requirement is shown.

The paper includes results of research work dealing with the study of the effect of mixing the traditional urea-formaldehyde adhesive Kronores CB 1100 D and the urea-formaldehyde adhesive Kronores CB 1200 D characterised by increased reactivity for selected physical and mechanical properties of particleboards, the content of free formaldehyde and productivity of the production line of particleboards. Within the research, other potential factors affecting properties of particleboards were also studied. Present adhesive prescriptions (1) and five experimental prescriptions were evaluated. In conclusion, optimum prescriptions were determined fulfilling the CSN EN 312 standard requirements for physical and mechanical properties of particleboards of P 2 class and a pressing factor was defined substantially affecting the rate of a production line or production productivity.

The paper presents the software procedure (using MAPLE 11) intended for considerable reduction of digital image data set to more easily treatable extent. The example with image of peach stone is presented. Peach stone, displayed on the digital photo, was represented as a polygon described by the coordinates of the pixels creating its perimeter. The photos taken in high resolution (and corresponding data sets) contain coordinates of thousands of pixels - polygon's vertexes. Presented approach substitutes this polygon by the new one, where smaller number of vertexes is used. The task is solved by use of adapted least squares method. The presented algorithm enables reduction of number of vertexes to 10 % of its original extent with acceptable accuracy +/- one pixel (distance between initial and final polygon). The procedure can be used for processing of similar types of 2D images and acceleration of following computations.

Series of the indentation of the ball (10 mm in diameter) by the constant speed into blocks of Edam cheese has been conducted. The indentation tests were performed at different speeds (1, 5, 10, 20 and 100 mm/min), and the corresponding force-displacement responses were fitted with an analytical solution to obtain the time-dependent constants and the instantaneous force-displacement response. The measurement has been performed for the cheeses of different stages of their maturity. The dependence of the indentation force on the penetration depth has been evaluated. This dependence can be fitted by a polynom. The indentation force decreases with cheese fat content. It increases with the loading rate. Its value also decreases with the time of the cheese ripening. The recently proposed method for the indenation of the ball into viscoelastic solids has been used for our data analysis. This procedure, which needs the use of the numeric methods, enables to obtain stress relaxation moduli, which describe the viscoelasticity of the tested materials. The obtained moduli describe the stage of the cheese maturity.

Besides agricultural primary production, the food industry and all other branches of the economy /services/ it is the information and communication technology used in retail that is one of the factors that markedly influence food retail. Therefore it is necessary to analyse the effect of electronic transactions that are used by food retail to attract and acquire other target groups of the consumers purchasing food. Though globally the retail companies (for ex. in Great Britain) invest in this technology heavily in order to increase their competitiveness on the market the food e-business in the Czech Republic has been more or less stagnating, though the recent years have been showing slight increase of interest in this form of shopping. This article identifies both the positive and the negative reasons of this situation. The technological level of computer network and its high accessibility proven by the fact that the vast majority of consumers can use internet for purchasing any kind of goods incl. food can be considered the positive reason. On the other hand the poor offer of food presented on the internet by retailers who - for fear of low demand for other kinds of food - focus mainly on beverages and dry food can be considered one of the negatives. The weakest point here is the timely delivery of goods in unchanged quality. Despite these facts the purchasing of food via internet can still serve well for busy or handicapped customers with limited mobility.

Risk management should ensure a company to be able to react to possible future situations in a good advance and through variant solutions. This should minimize both, a risk and possible negative risk consequences especially on trade and on a single existence of a company. Solution of negative consequences of risks is the one of important goals and of investigation of companies' management as well as of companies' owners. Submitted article presents the procedure of entities' risks selection for the purpose of their negative consequences covering by the means of insurance. This procedure has been elaborated by the author based on secondary research as well as on primary research. Author's primary research has been focused especially on observation and analysis of several tens of entities. The procedure presented in this article has been also fruitfully implemented in observed entities. The content of this article would become an asset of risk management as of the branch of science; it would be a benefit for insurance as for connected branch, and also for the sphere of management economics.

The paper is aimed at the evaluation of a relationship between the rate of investments and the rate of savings in selected Central European countries. A reference period for the analysis is 1995-2009. In all analysed Central European countries, the rate of investments permanently exceeded (but exceptions) the rate of savings in the period under investigation. Through fitting the development series of a calculated indicator as a difference of the rate of investments and the rate of savings in monitored countries by a polynomial of the second degree it was possible to compare developmental trends of this indicator in particular countries involved in this analysis. Polynomial trends of the difference indicator of the rate of investments and the rate of savings in Central European countries in the monitored period indicate similar developmental tendencies characterized (at the beginning of the reference period) by increasing the imbalance of the rate of investments and the rate of savings (on average until about 2003) and then by follow-up tendencies towards the gradual return to the balance. For the purpose of comparison, a difference was also monitored between the rate of investments and the rate of savings in EU15 countries as a whole, which permanently fluctuated around zero. The mean value of this indicator amounted to 0.11% for the period 1995-2009. Thus, in EU15 countries, the rate of investments roughly corresponded to the rate of savings (on a long-term basis). Based on this analysis, it follows that there is a correlation between the rate of investments and the rate of savings. Calculated parameters of particular regression functions are presented as Results in this paper. Indices of correlation and types of a regression function were calculated for particular countries. For the Czech Republic, these results are statistically highly significant using all three types of regression functions. In Poland, they can be indicated as statistically significant using the polynomial of the second and third degrees similarly as in Slovakia. In Hungary, already the use of a polynomial of the first degree results in statistically significant results. Using a polynomial of the third degree gives statistically highly significant results. The intertemporal analysis of investments and savings presented in this paper can be also used and developed as part of the problem of an intertemporal approach to the balance of payments.

In this experiment on three dairy cows with the ruminal and duodenal T-cannulas, the actual and predicted amino acid (AA) profiles of the protein fraction flowed to the small intestine were compared. The prediction was calculated by two methods: with the use of mean published AA profile of microbial protein and of experimentally determined one. The actual AA profile of digesta protein was corrected for glycine (Gly) of bile origin. In comparison to the published AA profile of microbial protein the use of the actual one did not contribute to an improvement of prediction accuracy (mean prediction error: 7.36 vs. 7.54 %, respectively). Inaccurate determination of AA composition of undegraded feed protein and the insufficient correction for Gly of bile origin were the probable sources of the residual variability.

This paper proposes an analysis of the possible means for eliminating risks due to liability for environmental damage caused by the actions of an operator whose activities potentially threaten the natural environment and may cause biodiversity damage. Risks are assessed with regard to risk insurability criteria for potential damage to the natural environment. The importance of risk management is stressed in the new form known as Enterprise Risk Management. Risk management is becoming increasingly important as part of the Solvency II concept, currently in preparation by European Commission, whose first and second pillars accent risk management in financial institutions and consistent quantification of existing, hidden and potential risks.
This paper focuses on an analysis of specific presumptions about the insurability of risk as concerns environmental insurance. The paper was written as part of research project MSM 6215648904, carried out by the Faculty of Business and Economics, under the name "The Czech Republic in the processes of integration and globalization, and the development of the agriculture and service sector in the new conditions of the integrated European market", following the goals and methodology of the research project.

Routine milk analyses using the efficient indirect infra-red method are important for the milk food chain quality. The reliability of the results depends on the calibration quality. It is important to use a relevant set of reference calibration samples (RCSs). RCSs with right range of values can be prepared using various methods. This paper was aimed to balance the impacts of dilution for decrease of main components in RCSs because of minimal change of matrix interference effects. Cow milk samples (MSs) were diluted (4/1) using distilled water, NaCl solution and a solution with specific composition (SC; because of disturbance in the balance of the milk matrix (NaCl 1.145; KCl 0.849; K₂HPO₄ 1.8463; citric acid 1.7; urea 0.3 g/l)) for reduction in main milk components. Fat (F), crude protein (CP), lactose (L), milk freezing point (MFP), osmolality (OS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in all (original as well as modified) MSs. The lowest MFP and OS were in the original milk -0.5559 °C and 274.5 mOsmol/kg. The MFP was increased to -0.4369 °C and osmolality decreased to 217.83 mOsmol/kg by the addition of water. The MFP was decreased (-0.4903 °C) and returned to original milk value by the addition of NaCl solutin. MFP was -0.4788 °C due to SC addition. The decrease was less than for NaCl. The ability of other SC components (K₂HPO₄, KCl, citric acid and urea) to MFP decrease is less than for NaCl solution. EC was highest for NaCl set 4.69 mS/cm, EC for SC was 4.48 mS/cm (P < 0.001). The original MSs set showed EC 4.27 mS/cm. The SC was the nearest to original MSs in terms of total mineral composition. ECs for both modifications differed (P < 0.001) from original MSs. The procedure is applicable for balance of interference effects of milk matrix because of relevant calibration.

The Late Miocene forest was discovered in the opencast lignite mine of Bükkábrány which is situated in the foothills of the Bükk Mountains (NE Hungary). Sixteen stumps were exposed upright in 2007 at their original position. Five stumps were installed in the Ipolytarnóc Fossils Nature Reserve. They are identified in the present paper. The wood of one fossil trunk (No. 1) has been identified as Glyptostroboxylon rudolphii, which represents the wood of Glyptostrobus. Its main microscopic features are: visible growth rings, gradual transition between early- and late wood, rather small opposite bordered pits in 1-2 loosely spaced vertical rows with infrequent crassulae, uniseriate rays formed of procumbent cells without ray tracheids, 1-3 "glyptostroboid" cross-field pits per field and resin canals absent. The four remaining stumps (Nos. 2-5) have been identified as Taxodioxylon germanicum. Their main microscopic features are: growth rings, abrupt transition between early- and late wood, opposite bordered pits in 1-3 regular vertical rows with frequent crassulae, uniseriate rays formed of procumbent cells without ray tracheids, 1-3 taxodioid cross-field pits per field arranged mostly in one horizontal row, axial parenchyma both in early and late wood (diffuse arrangement) with smooth transverse end walls and resin canals absent. This species most probably represents the wood of Sequoia.

The goal of this article is to project the complex access to the analyses of sources of local flash-flood of watched watershed area of Moštěnka River. In article is used space modeling a space analysis. Consequently to assess the prepared built-technical arrangements and to project alternative, complement, not invasive arrangements. The article presents the fundamental results of applied research, which was in 2007 and 2008. The article shows, that the built-technical arrangements in combination with not invasive, organized arrangements markedly reduce fall-outs of flash-flood. The results was presented and devolved on the Department of landscape planning Kyjov town and to city managers of interested villages. The state ameliorative management, villages and farmers cooperation will be investors.

The objective of this work was to find an effective method of polyploidy induction using chemomutagens, colchicine and oryzalin, in diploid cultivar of Phlox paniculata 'Fujiyama' (syn. Mt. Fuji, Fuji). Ploidy level was determined by the flow cytometry method (FCM). Two methods of treating the explants (in vitro regenerated shoots) were tested; chemomutagen infiltration from nutrient media ("the infiltration method") and dipping of the explants in a chemical mutagen solution ("the dip method"). The highest values of tetraploid (5%), mixoploid (1.67%) frequency and polyploidization efficiency (1.25) were found in explants treated with 0.2% colchicine for 24 h in the dip method. Concentrations of 10 µM oryzalin and 0.2% colchicine for 14 d were the most effective for obtaining tetraploids in the infiltration method. The results will be exploited to other P. paniculata cultivars for breeding of this species.

The work is focused on quantification of influence of operation on flow properties of motorcycle engine oil. Three different kinds of synthetic engine oil (MOTUL) were tested, namely unused oil, run-in oil (650 km after engine reboring) and regular engine oil (6200 km of motorcycle operation). The samples were frozen to below zero temperatures and kinematic viscosity was continuously monitored in the range of -5 °C and +115 °C. Consequently, the kinematic viscosity at reference temperatures of 0, 40 and 100 °C was compared. Viscosity was measured by digital viscometer with concentric cylinders measuring geometry. The biggest difference occurred in case of lower temperatures where e.g. at 0 °C decrease to 29 % and 43 % of its original value was detected for used oil and run-in oil respectively. Flow behavior was modeled using several mathematical models -Arrhenius equation, exponential, and Gaussian equation. The best match between experimental and computed data was received in case of Gaussian fit with R² = 0.997 and 0.992 for run-in and used oil, respectively. The models are generally usable for description of rheological behavior of given engine oil.

Effective management and sharing of geodata is one of the priorities of the European Union (INSPIRE activity) and companies all around the world. Many different companies and organisations publish their geodata using web mapping services. This situation leads to a multiple publishing of similar or completely same geodata. On the other hand, there is frequently a problem how to determine an appropriate mapserver with the required data. This paper presents a geodata search engine which solves the problem how to access geodata more effectively. Presented solution aggregates data from the different mapservers and provides an interface according to the Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Server specification. This allows to use our solution in the standard GIS tools as common mapserver. Completely new feature is a request which allows to select map layers which fulfills specified criteria. Selection could be given by keywords in a map layer description and by defining a bounding box on Earth surface. Response is a list of appropriate layers sorted according to their relevance. Presented solution could be among other applications significant source of information for many data mining techniques. It allows to interconnect processed data with their space-temporal context.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate consumers' perception of bread quality in Slovakia. Bread belongs to essential foodstuffs and we all have it served on our table every day.
Cereal products keep their importance in people's nutrition mainly because of their preventive effects on health. They saturate about 40 % of the daily energy need of an average European, who in average acquires from cereals about 30 % of proteins, vitamin B1, niatin and phosphorus, around 1/6 of fats (out of it 19 % of linol acid), almost 60 % of saccharides, 1/4 iron and about 13 % of vitamin B2 and calcium. If we add some cereal fiber which is an effective prevention factor of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic and oncological diseases of colon and anus, we will get a complex picture about positive effects of cereals in our nutrition. If we were to mark any foodstuff which has been accompanying the mankind in the course of history, it could be bread. Its consummation is spread in the whole world. Only the ones who once suffered from its lack have recognized its value.
It results from our research that consumers in Slovakia prefer consuming the wheat-ray bread (38.5 %). The respondents - consumers prefer at choosing buying bread in terms of the external, subjective factors, the overall shape when choosing bread (45 %) and dark color of crust (25 %). They showed minimum interest in white color crust and packaging size. In terms of the internal, objective factors, the most important factor for respondents, for women as well as for men was freshness of foodstuffs followed by fiber (with a big difference) (12.82 %).
Almost 60 % of bread consumers claimed that they did not have any possibility to obtain the required information regarding bread in supermarkets and hypermarkets because it is not possible to find professional staff providing them with the required information. A different situation is in the classical, small, self-service, and specialized stores, where personal contact of a shop-assistant and a customer is more often. Results of the performed marketing research of consumer behavior in the market with bakery products will become a sort of the initial basis for departments involved in the research. The team of co-authors have the task to define bread quality on the basis of chemical analyses in accordance with consumers needs.

The article is aimed at studying the effect of temperature on structure of intermetallic phases of the protective zinc layer. The main objective of the article is a description of the structure and the changes that can occur during the heating process. The first part of the article deals with the description of the structure and mechanical properties of the interfacial phases and their arrangement. The main part of the article is aimed at study of brittle intermetallic phases, which arise due to increased temperature. For this reason, a set of samples of steel CSN 11 321 (DC01) was prepared. These samples were subjected to thermal heating in the tempering furnace. Subsequently metallographic cross sections were prepared, observed and assessed using SEM microscopy and EDS analysis. Also accelerated corrosion tests and pull off bend tests were performed. Conclusion of the article is trying to explain the influence of intermetallic phases on degradation of the protective layer.

The paper evaluates the quality of model silages made of wilted grass biomass and treated with silage additives. Grass species used for the production of silages were Lolium perenne, Festulolium pabulare and Festulolium braunii harvested in the first cut at the stage of earing. The assessed grass species were wilted after the cut for an identical time 36 hours (2008), resp. 24 hours (2009). The treatment was made either with a chemical preparation (formic acid, propionic acid, ammonium formate) and/or with a biological inoculant (Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus salivarius, cellulase, hemicellulase and amylase). The amount of the chemical ingredient was 4 l.t^-1 and the amount of the biological additive was 10 g.t^-1. The biomass was after wilting ensilaged in containers whose diameter and height were 0.15 m and 0.64 m, respectively. After 60 days of ensilaging, the silages were assessed for pH, organic acids content, ethanol content and acidity of water extract (AWE); organic nutrients assessed in the silages were crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), crude protein (CP) and digestibility of organic matter (DOM). Hygienic safety was assessed from the contents of zearalenon, fumonisin and aflatoxin mycotoxins. The high (P < 0.05) dry matter (DM) content in Festulolium pabulare silages indicates that the species tends to rapid wilting. The higher DM content reflected in lower biomass losses (P < 0.05). The lowest pH values (P < 0.05) were detected in silages made of Festulolium braunii. The fact relates to the higher content of lactic acid in the prepared microsilages. The use of ensiling additives affected the quality of extracts. Namely the application of the biological additive led to the increased content (P < 0.05) of not only lactic acid but acetic acid too. Titrable acidity was not affected by the ensiling additives. As to the emanation of ethanol, heterofermentative bacteria of lactic fermentation apparently took part in the fermentation process of the silages as well. While the evaluated forage species showed differences in the digestibility of organic matter (P < 0.05), the application of preservatives did not influence the content of organic nutrients. Fumonisin was not detected at all and aflatoxins were below the level of detection. None of the assessed factors had an effect on the content of zearalenon; in spite of the fact, an apparent tendency towards a higher content of zearalenon was recorded in Lolium perenne.

The aim of this study was detection of prevalence of the parasitecoenoses of sika deer (Cervus nippon) living in the wild in the area of Western Bohemia (Czech Republic) and to compare roundup data with results from previous investigations.
All together 560 samples of excrements and 8 grallochs were examined. The research was done from March 2005 to June 2007. The samples of excrements were collected during the whole research period in periodical monthly intervals always in the amount of 20 pieces. Grallochs were examined by partial helmintological dissection, the samples of excrements by Baermann method and flotation. Parasites were detected only in 26.8 % of examined samples. The spectrum of detected parasites included: coccidia Eimeria spp. (8.6 %), lungworms (LW) Dictyocaulus sp. and Bicaulus sagittatus (23.4 %), and nematode worms from the group of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) (7.9 %). In fine we can confirm that the Sika game is quite resistant against parasitoses under our conditions, and health of Sika game in monitored localities is good.

One of the natural properties of wood and wood-based materials is their soaking capacity (hygroscopicity). The moisture content of wood and building constructions of wood and wood based materials significantly influences the service life and reliability of these constructions and buildings. The equilibrium weight moisture content of built-in wood corresponding to temperature/moisture conditions inside the cladding has therefore a decisive influence on the basic requirements placed on building constructions. The wood in wooden frame cladding changes its moisture content depending on temperature and moisture conditions of the environment it is built into. The water vapor condensation doesn't necessarily have to occur right in the wooden framework of the cladding for the equilibrium moisture content to rise over the level permissible for the reliable function of a given construction. In spite of the fact that the common heat-technical assessment cannot be considered fully capable of detecting the effects of these factors on the functional reliability of wood-based constructions and buildings, an extension has been proposed of the present method of design an assessment of building constructions according to the ČSN 73 0540 standard regarding the interpretation of equilibrium moisture content in relation to the temperature/moisture conditions and their time behavior inside a construction.