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The aim of this paper is to present results of the research focused on the examination of differences of selected psychological characteristics between a group of 144 employed people and a group of 121 unemployed people. The following personality characteristics were measured and compared: action versus state orientation (behaviour control (resp. behaviour regulation) after the experience of failure and in the processes of decision-making and behaviour planning), perseverance in the conception of Sense of coherence and social support. We found out that after having lost their job, people of higher education could better plan their decision-making and actions and they had a better ability to cope with an actual situation (Sense of coherence). The research further showed that females were unemployed more often as compared with males and that the loss of job had a worse effect on their mental state. Compared with unemployed males, the females were more experience-and feeling-oriented and their Sense of coherence showed more prominent decline. Unemployed people had a lower level of action orientation after previous failure than employed people. This conspicuous decrease of orientation to action is given apparently by the loss of the job itself and not by the duration of unemployment. The number of people composing the social support decreases with the increasing age of males. Of all the researched predictors, which were employment/unemployment, duration of unemployment, gender, education and age, gender acts (co-acts) most on the selected personality characteristics - action versus state orientation, Sense of coherence and social support.

The paper deals with the conception of the professional manager. In the current Czech management environment the terms of professionalism and professional manager are not defined, understood and respect properly. The paper was written on the basis of a primary research among 112 middle and top managers in the Czech Republic.
The beginning of the paper focuses on the introduction of the method used for the research and then follows the evaluation process of the respondents' answers. These answers were noticed and transformed into the electronic form for the subsequent evaluation process, which is described in detail in the results part. The categories were stated on the basis of recurrence of the characteristics in the answers, and the frequency of these characteristics was measured.
The outcome of the paper is the specification of the term 'Professionalism' and the characteristics of the term 'Professional Manager' by above mentioned research. The research results are discussed with the literature review in the concluding part, and the opportunities for the further development are given.

Although the statutory minimum wage is not a new category, in the Czech Republic we encounter the definition and regulation of a minimum wage for the first time in the 1990 amendment to Act No. 65/1965 Coll., the Labour Code. The specific amount of the minimum wage and the conditions of its operation were then subsequently determined by government regulation in February 1991. Since that time, the value of minimum wage has been adjusted fifteenth times (the last increase was in January 2007).
The aim of this article is to present selected results of two researches of acceptance of the statutory minimum wage by Czech enterprises. The first research makes use of the data collected by questionnaire research in 83 small and medium-sized enterprises in the South Moravia Region in 2005, the second one the data of 116 enterprises in the entire Czech Republic (in 2007). The data have been processed by means of the standard methods of descriptive statistics and of the appropriate methods of the statistical analyses (Spearman correlation coefficient of sequential correlation, Kendall coefficient, χ² - independence test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and others).

The paper presents results of research aimed at the examination of connections between selected personality characteristics and the duration of unemployment in examined people. Our assumption that the duration of unemployment decreases with better education was confirmed. On the other hand, it is also age that plays an important part in finding a new job. The more advanced the age the longer the duration of unemployment. Groups of older individuals were more frequently unemployed for long time. The value of the personality characteristic - perseverance in the Sense of coherence concept prominently decreases with the prolonged unemployment. A conspicuous decrease in the Sense of coherence value - dimension of manageability occurs after one year of unemployment. This prominent decrease is caused namely by results recorded in the group of females.
The number of people composing the social support decreases with the duration of unemployment and with the increasing age, in males particularly. The negative impact of social support on the reintroduction of unemployed people into labour process is mitigated by possible distinctive and firm action orientation and Sense of coherence (namely the dimension of manageability).