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Paper presents new original application WOOD3D in form of program code assembling. The work extends the previous article "Part I - Theoretical approach" in detail description of implemented C++ classes of utilized projects Visualization Toolkit (VTK), Insight Toolkit (ITK) and MIMX. Code is written in CMake style and it is available as multiplatform application. Currently GNU Linux (32/64b) and MS Windows (32/64b) platforms were released. Article discusses various filter classes for image filtering. Mainly Otsu and Binary threshold filters are classified for anatomy wood samples thresholding. Registration of images series is emphasized for difference of colour spaces compensation is included. Resulted work flow of image analysis is new methodological approach for images processing through the composition, visualization, filtering, registration and finite element mesh formation. Application generates script in ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) which is fully compatible with ANSYS finite element solver and designer environment. The script includes the whole definition of unstructured finite element mesh formed by individual elements and nodes. Due to simple notation, the same script can be used for generation of geometrical entities in element positions. Such formed volumetric entities are prepared for further geometry approximation (e.g. by boolean or more advanced methods). Hexahedral and tetrahedral types of mesh elements are formed on user request with specified mesh options. Hexahedral meshes are formed both with uniform element size and with anisotropic character. Modified octree method for hexahedral mesh with anisotropic character was declared in application. Multicore CPUs in the application are supported for fast image analysis realization. Visualization of image series and consequent 3D image are realized in VTK format sufficiently known and public format, visualized in GPL application Paraview. Future work based on mesh improvement through mesh error statistic, image acquisition and thresholding improvement by more sophisticated filters together with code optimization for fast image analysis is discussed. Also fractal characteristics classification on microscopic scale level is taken into account for further work.

The occurrence of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in gladiolus, iris, tulip and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) in iris was investigated by examining the plants by the means of serological techniques (ELISA). ELISA was applied to determine the presence of BYMV, CMV, TRV infections in both aerial and underground parts of gladiolus, iris, and tulip, and IYSV on the aerial parts of iris, respectively. 262 gladiolus plants were tested. 63.7% was infected by BYMV, 29.4 % by CMV, and 2.7 % by TRV. Out of 180 plants of iris, 1.1% was infected by BYMV, 6.7% by CMV, 2.8% by TRV, and 0% by IYSV. Out of 28 plants of tulip, 28.6% was infected by CMV, and 7.1% by TRV. ELISA proved to be a suitable method for detection of viruses in leaves of these ornamental plants, but it often failed to detect viruses in flowers and corms. A high transmission of BYMV by gladiolus cormlets was also found.

Aim of the paper is to delimitate a partial procedure in the process of modelling and simulation of decision-making results took by individual market subjects. Article's fundamental is an elemental example of agent system (and derivatively multiagent system) utilization by means of computer technology, which represents so-called computer malingering or computer simulation method. Next to classical word argumentations and mathematically-statistical methods this approach represents a relatively new tool applicable in social sciences (principle of autonomous agent was described in the year 1986).
Application is effected by the help of freely accessible software tool. Model's dynamics consists in random selections of agents pair where probability tells whether they will interact or not. Interaction in this case means copying of so-called cultural characteristics.
Introduced construction's output is verification of predicament which says that taking-over postures, behaviour standards, opinions etc. in population though leads to diffusion of definite cultural pattern, nevertheless doesn't lead to populations' homogenization.
In conclusion the deterministic character of introduced application is being specified. Also the direction of next progress at work with it this construction is being foreshadowed. Authors are aware of multiple enlargement necessity of characteristics variety and values that the characters may take. This goes hand in hand with mounting of whole process to the context with next methods dealing wiht motives forming consumer's decisions.

Cambisols cover an estimated 45% of agricultural soils in the Czech Republic. We aimed our work at stabile forms of organic carbon and humic substances quality in Cambisols under different types of soil management (grassland and arable soil). Object of our study were the following subtypes of Cambisols: Eutric Cambisol (locality Vatín - arable soil), Eutric Cambisol (locality Vatín - grassland), Haplic Cambisol (locality Náměšť n/Oslavou - arable soil), Leptic Cambisol (locality Ocmanice - grassland), Haplic Cambisol (locality Nové Město na Moravě - arable soil), Haplic Cambisol (locality Přemyslov - Tři Kameny - grassland), Arenic Cambisol (locality Pocoucov - arable soil), Dystric Cambisol (locality Sněžné - arable soil), Dystric Cambisol (locality Velká Skrovnice - arable soil), Dystric Cambisol (locality Vojnův Městec - arable soil). Non-destructive spectroscopic methods such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy for humic substances (HS) quality assessment were used. Total organic carbon (TOC) content was determined by oxidimetric titration. Fractionation of HS was made by short fractionation method. Isolation of pure humic acids (HA) preparation was made according to the standard IHSS method.
Results showed that TOC and humus content varied from 2.70 % (grassland) to 1.3 % (arable soil). Average HS sum was 8.4 mg/kg in grassland and 6.4 mg/kg in arable soil. Average HA sum was 3.6 mg/kg in grassland and 3 mg/kg in arable soil. Fulvic acids (FA) content was 4.7 mg/kg in grassland and 3.7 mg/kg in arable soil. HS quality was low and very similar for all studied samples. HA/FA ratio low (< 1). HS absorbance in UV-VIS spectral range was low and similar in all studied samples. Higher absorption in this spectral range was closely connected with higher HS content. Also in 2D-synchronous fluorescence scan spectra similar shape of spectral lines was detected. Relative fluorescence intensity strongly depended on HA and FA content. Five main fluorescence peaks for HA and FA presence at λ_ex./ λ_em.: 468/488, 482/502, 450/470, 376/396, 340/360 at constant difference of Δλ=20 nm were measured. ¹³C NMR spectra of HA isolated from Eutric Cambisol showed low aromaticity degree and high content of aliphatic moieties. HA were young (= less aromatic compounds in HA molecule) and no differences in HA structure were detected to compare arable soil and grassland.

Counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total anaerobes and enterococci were determined in the course of ripening in the edge part (E) and the core part (C) of Dutch-type semi-hard cheese produced with different fat content (30 and 45 %) by two different producers (H and R) using two different starter cultures (L and Y). Counts of LAB at the beginning of ripening (day 0) in H producer's samples were higher (P < 0,01) in comparison with the R producer's ones. Count of enterococci was the highest (P < 0,05) at the end of the ripening (176^th day) in sample R30YE. Higher (P < 0,01) enterococci counts were in R producer's cheeses (in comparison with the H producer's ones). Enterococci contamination was higher (P < 0,05) in E-samples than C-samples. Content of the sum of all BA in cheese was negatively correlated (P < 0,05) with counts of lactic acid bacteria (r = -0,24) and counts of total anaerobes (r = -0,23). No correlation between the sum of BA content and enterococci counts was found.

We conducted this study to evaluate the new in vitro system, DAISY^II to determine organic matter (OM) digestibility in ruminant feedstuffs with and without addition of the yeast culture (RUMEX) in the amount of 0 grams; 0.30 grams and 2.40 grams/2L of rumen fluid. Three types of total mix rations (TMR) were used in the experiment. Feedstufs samples were mixed in the ruminal fluid of cows. The material was incubated at 39 degrees of Celsius for 48 hours. Results from the DAISY^II were compared with one another. Higher fibrous material content in 1 kilogram of dry matter (145.4 grams or 218.6 grams) and less energy ME (10.24 MJ or 11.88 MJ/kilogram of dry matter) in each TMR gave rise to worse organic matter digestibility. The highest digestibility of organic matter was noted at TMR 1 (81.04 % (0 g) or 83.47 % (0.30 g) or 84.30 % (2.4 g) with the addition of the yeast culture) and the lowest digestibility was noted at TMR 3 (78.98 % (0 g) or 82.49 % (0.30 g) or 82.95 % (2.4 g)). The supplement of the yeast culture in the amount of 0.3 grams (P

During the summer time of 2005 the pilot study focused on analysis of rural areas (especially its human and landscape potential) was provided. There was choosed four villages in region Vysočina along Svratka and Fryšávka river (microregion Novoměstsko) as a model area. The study based on own methodological approach which follows indicators of sustainable developments over the time. This set is divided into four groups - landscape/environment, society, economic and demographic characteristics. There are four quantitative indicators of the SD in each groups. This basic set is completed by qualitative research (interwiews, questionnaire etc.). This approach can be used as one of the tools of regional development policy. The study was supported by Internal Grant Agency of Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry.

The work describes the effect of the atmospheric corrosion upon the mechanical properties of blind rivets. The subject of given research is: corrosion of metal materials, system resistance, design modification and others means of prevention against the corrosion attack. The problem of blind rivets, blind rivet setting, setting equipment, terminology and definitions, characteristic, and special blind rivet setting is also analysed. The experiment itself, the experimental method and the evaluation of the test are described. Mechanism of riveted joint damage produced by galvanic corrosion is proposed. Considerable corrosion damage occurred at combination of the joint members and connected materials with different electrochemical potentials. Exposition to the corroding environment produces release of rivet clam, together with decrease of rivet stiffness. The proof of these mechanisms is documented by functional dependence F - ΔL and metallographic tests.

The aim of the project was to evaluate developmental changes in land use (using the method of retrospective time profiles) and their effects on the function and stability of rural landscape in the model area of the University Agriculture Enterprise in Žabčice. The former states of landscape have been evaluated according to archival aerial photographs and maps of selected area. The present situation was examined on orthophotomaps and by field survey. Another aim was taking of the soil samples from the model area and their physical analysis for determination of soil moisture. Soil drying out disposition on particular parts of model area has been found out by analysis of soil samples and climatic characteristics. The third aim was to evaluate the "green structure" of the model area and to propose its regeneration. The results of the two previous aims have been used as a basis for the proposal, together with evaluation of the present condition. The bad condition of the scattered vegetation has been found out by the field survey, especially by the lack of maintenance and spreading of invasive plants.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensory quality of carcass of layer males ISA Brown. The males were fattened to 90 and 132 days. In both ages samples of breast and thigh were used for the sensory evaluation.
The birds were provided by a private producer. There were 20 birds in each experimental group. Both the groups were housed on deep litter and fed a commercial broiler diet. The first group was slaughtered at 90 days of age at a processing plant, the second group continued fattening till 132 days at the Department of Animal Breeding. At 132 days, the birds were slaughtered at the in-house abattoir.
The sensory evaluation was carried out at the sensory laboratory at the Department of Food Technology at MZLU in Brno. The sensory evaluation was carried out by the trained staff of the Department. Samples were evaluated by the sensory profile method with description of edge points.
The higher age had highly significant (p < 0.01) effect on tenderness of the breast muscle (meat from the older birds was assessed as tougher). The age had significant effect (p < 0.05) also on the colour of thigh muscle (the meat of the older birds was assessed as darker). Thus, the evaluators concluded the shorter fattening period as more favourable.
However, as for carcass weight, weight of carcass parts and processing at an automatic slaughtering line, the longer fattening period (132 days) seems to be more convenient. It is also necessary to take into account increased cost and marketing possibilities for such products.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between growing degree day method and accumulation of root reserve saccharides before over wintering by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the condition of Czech Republic. In 2002-2004, the field experiment was conducted at the Research station of the Czech University of Life Sciences in central Bohemia. The interval between summer and last autumn harvest was 40-50 days or 60-70 days, respectively. These intervals were expressed as cumulative growing degree-days (GDD) for each year. The plants were sampled in each autumn with four replicates for each variant; the average depth of sampling was 150 mm. The weight of roots, amount of starch, and water soluble saccharides (WSC) per m² was determined. The total accumulation of root reserve saccharides was determined mainly by conditions during all vegetation period. The length of the interval or cumulative GDD influenced only variation of this basic amount. The GDD was corresponded better with starch content whilst WSC was more related to length of the interval. In central Bohemia condition, the GDD 600-700 °C was preliminary determined for maximal accumulation of root reserve saccharides. The GDD above this level did not significantly increase the root reserve accumulation. For exact verify of this model, other experiments in more sites are needed.

Funding development of the company through the "Initial Public Offering" has a high representation globally, the Czech Republic unlike, and belongs to traditional methods of raising funds necessary for development of business in the developed capital markets. In the United States of America, Japan and in the Western Europe countries the method of company funding through IPO has been applying for several decades already. The first public stock offerings began to be applied in these markets in higher volumes from the beginning of the 60^th of the last century. From that period importance of IPO goes up globally and the initial public stock offerings begin to be applied more and more even in the Central and Eastern European countries. Under the conditions of the Czech capital market this way funding of development of the company, connected with its entering into the capital market, is not very usual. The Strategy of Sustainable Development of the Czech Republic considers this situation the weakness of the Czech economy, and its resolving has to be paid a due care. The present paper introduces the results of an analysis identifying the causes of the low numbers of IPOs in the Czech Republic. These causes were analyzed in a comprehensive way covering the period of time from the beginnings of the modern-day capital market in the Czech Republic until the present times. In order to reach the objective, the secondary research of the literature sources, focused on the issue in question and the primary research in the Czech companies was carried out.

Fermented pig slurry as a fermentation residue of biogas plants was used for vegetables fertilization as a replacement of industrial mineral fertilizers. Tomatoes were grown in vessels, celery and spinach in the field, radish and lettuce in the greenhouse. Besides dry matter content determination vegetables were evaluated from the food quality point of view. Is consists of microbiological assessment, nitrates and selected elements (Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Hg) content determination.

Quality traits of three broccoli cultivars, which were grown for autumn crop was determined: 'Chevalier' F₁, 'Milady' F₁ (cultivars of Dutch origin) and 'Cezar' F₁ (of Polish origin). Immediately after harvest sensory quality of broccoli was evaluated, using the quantitative descriptive analysis method (QDA). In 'brainstorming' session there were chosen 14 attributes (profiles) concerning smell, texture, taste / flavour. Overall quality impression was also scored and hedonic test of broccoli liking was performed. Other quality traits determined were: antioxidant activity, total carotenoids content, vitamin C content, colour parameters in CIE L*a*b* system. These traits were determined separately for florets and stems of broccoli plants, both of which are usable parts of this vegetable. Results showed that investigated cultivars differed in respect of quality traits concerning sensory attributes, antioxidant activity, carotenoids content, vitamin C content and colour parameters. Results showed also that florets of broccoli performed higher antioxidant activity than stems. Carotenoids content in broccoli cultivars was much higher in florets than in stems, but vitamin C content was on similar level in florets and stems of the plants. Florets and stems of all broccoli cultivars differed much in respect of colour parameters - lightness, greenness and yellowness.

The paper introduces the review of the present state of art in the measurement of the interaction of electromagnetic waves with different kinds of materials. It is analysis of the possibilities of the measurement of the interaction of high frequencies waves (microwaves) with materials and proposal of the experimental method for the studies mentioned above.
The electromagnetic field consists of two components: electric and magnetic field. The influence of these components on materials is different. The influence of the magnetic field is negligible and it has no impact on practical use. The influence of the electric field is strong as the interaction between them results in the creation of electric currents in the material (Křivánek and Buchar, 1993).
Experiments focused on the evaluation of the complex dielectric permitivity of different materials have been performed. The permitivity of solid material is also measurable by phasemethod, when the specimen is a part of transmission sub-circuit. Microwave instrument for complex permittivity measurement works in X frequency band (8.2-12.5) GHz, the frequency 10.1 GHz was used for all the measurement in the laboratory of physics, Mendel University in Brno. The extensive number of experimental data have been obtained for different materials. The length of the square side of the aerial open end was 50 mm and internal dimensions of waveguides were 23 mm × 10 mm. The samples have form of the plate shape with dimensions 150 mm × 150 mm × 4 mm.

The aim of this study was to determine the microbial contamination of raw pork and beef, to estimate the prevalence of enterococci and investigate the antibiotic multiple resistance of enterococci. Total bacterial counts (TBC) were cultured on Plate count agar and enterococci count were cultured on Slanetz - Bartley agar. The TBC after 24 h post mortem reached the value 3.61 ± 0.78 log cfu.cm^-2 for pork and 2.58 ± 0.63 log cfu.cm^-2 for beef. The count of enterococci after 24 h post mortem reached the value 1.98 ± 1.29 log cfu.cm^-2 for pork and 1.16 ± 0.47 log cfu.cm^-2 for beef. The average value of TBC in pork and beef were significantly (P < 0.05) higher after 7 days of ripening at 4 °C storage than 24 h post mortem and in pork and beef reached the value 4.69 ± 1.46 log cfu.cm^-2 and 4.32 ± 1.44 log cfu.cm^-2 resp. The average values of enterococci count after 7 days of ripening in pork and beef were 2.00 ± 1.27 log cfu.cm^-2 and 0.84 ± 0.80 log cfu.cm^-2 resp. Susceptibilities of isolated enterococci from pork to antimicrobial agents were tested using the disc diffusion method. Enterococcus faecium was the predominat species out of 50 isolates recovered from pork (72%), followed by E. faecalis (10%). Other enterococcal isolates were identified sporadically (E. mundtti-8%, E. spp.-10%). Out of 50 isolates of enterococci 14% were resistant to vancomycin and 10% were resistant to erythromycin, 18% to ampicillin, 24% to gentamicin and 34% to tetracycline. The calculated antibiotic code profiles indicated that large proportion of enterococci were resistant to all tested antibiotics except vancomycin. Our study suggests that raw pork and beef play a potential role as reservoirs of enterococci multiresistant to antibiotics.

The paper deals with the importance of Intrastat and Eurostat for mutual trade with goods between EU countries and third countries. It informs about the importance of statistical data for all legal forms of trade companies, multinational companies, public administration institutions and service businesses. It points out that accepting the Czech Republic as a member of EU changed the use of terminology in foreign trade. For goods transactions between EU member states the terms sending and receiving are used, whereas the traditional terminology export - import is used for foreign trade with the third countries.
Paper describes legal regulations including the instructions for statistical data records, specifically the Directive of the European parliament and Council No. 638/2004, appended by the Commission directive No. 1980/2004 and Public notice of the Czech statistical office from 18^th May, 2005. Based on the retrospective view it shows the development of legal regulation and the importance of quoted directive for determining and recording statistical data. It notifies that statistical data are necessary for recognition of the course of integration of the internal market, formation of agricultural policy and adopting anti-dumping measures. Paper acquaints with organisation of statistics within the European Union. It also notifies that statistical system includes also the countries of Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein.
Results of foreign trade in 2007 show the involvement of the Czech Republic in mutual trade with the EU countries, to which 85.22 % of the total value of exported goods was sent, which represents the amount of CZK 194 056 per inhabitant of the Czech Republic. In the same year, goods of the total share of 69.90 % was received from the EU countries, which represents the amount of CZK 162 021 per inhabitant. Our most important trade partner is Germany, with which we have reached the turnover of CZK 1 429 986. According to the goods nomenclature, the highest share was exported in the case of motor vehicles (18.25 %), and machines and equipment (11.90 %).
Calculation was done using the method of vertical and horizontal analysis. Authors got to the conclusion, that the use of these methods only is insufficient for evaluation of the mutual trade relations' dynamics. Total values have to be recalculated to a comparable indicator, which is one inhabitant of a particular country.

The main aim of this work is focused on weak solution of coupled physical task the microwave drying of wood with stress-strain effects and moisture/temperature dependency. Due to well known weak solution for separated physical fields without coupled effect, author concerns with coupled stress-strain relation coupled with moisture and temperature distribution. For scale dependency the subgrid upscaling method was used. Solved region is assumed to be divided into discontinual subregions according to investigated scale. This approach sugests sequential type of solution for highly coupled task. This way, very huge structures (huge according to geometry and also physics) can be solved in reasonable time and with memory consumptions. Main emphasis was putted on evaluation of structural response of the whole complex. Due to influence of moisture, temperature and time the coupled physical task of structural response is solved. Sugested aproach is of course usable not only for structural response, but for other physical fields, which were taken into account. Weak solution is based on slightly modified Ritz-Galerkin method. The work is continuing of the previous article General model of wood in typical coupled tasks: Part I. - Phenomenological approach.

The aim of the performed research was to obtain knowledge on the ability of aquatic plants naturally growing at a site to absorb trace metals contained in bottom sediments and surface water. Furthermore, we compared differences in the accumulation of trace metals by the individual groups of aquatic plants (submerged and emergent) and assessed a possible use of the individual plant species in phytoremediation techniques. Representative samples of water, sediments and aquatic macrophytes were taken from three anthropogenically loaded streams in six monitoring cycles in several collection profiles differing in the distance from a source of contamination. The samples were analysed for the total content of selected trace metals (As, Cd, Pb, Al, Hg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni and Cu). For comparison, one profile at an unloaded site was sampled as well. The obtained results were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis of data. Increased contents of Fe, Al, Mn, Cr and Zn were detected in sediments and plant biomass at loaded sites, namely 2-3× higher than at the comparing site. The contents of metals in surface water samples were altogether below the detection limit of the analytical method. When evaluating the individual plant species, we can state that the lowest contents of metals were detected in shore species (reed canary grass Phalaroides arundinacea, wood club-rush Scirpus silvaticus and red dock Rumex aquaticus); plant species growing in the very water current (water star-wort Callitriche sp. and flote-grass Glyceria fluitans) exhibited mean contents of metals. In species forming mats (Fontinalis antipyretica and Cladophora sp.), these contents were several times higher as compared to the previous species. The results of the performed research show that one of important factors, which influence the accumulation of trace metals in plants, is their ecological group (emergent - submerged) affiliation and the species classification within this group. Based on the evaluated data, we can recommend species of moss and algae that form mats eventually species growing in the very water flow for the future use in phytoremediation techniques.

Stair with load bearing bolts is the special modern type of wooden staircase. This new type of staircase needs a basic verification by valuable standards for using in a different indoor using. Stair with load bearing bolts is combined wooden and metal materials and their mechanical properties in construction.
The goal of this paper is to review wooden tread behaviour as consequence of static load defining by Eurocode 5, implemented in Czech standards. Static load is exactly defined in different load values and the loading places. The three different loading place dimensions are defined by Eurocode 5 too.
The wooden tread mechanical behaviour is modelled by FEM software ANSYS 11.0. The numerical simulation offers the distribution of specific magnitudes in the numerical model. The analysis is broken into three parts: geometric model, material model and finite element model. The geometric model is created via script by Ansys Parametric Design Language. This method allows using parametric creation. Material model is defined like linear elastic material model for nine independent values.
The defined evaluative criteria begin to ultimative limit state and serviability limit state. The Eurocode 5 for this case defined the minimum load value and the maximum deflection value in vertical direction. The last selected is Hoffman's failure criterion used to identify the possible crash places. Hoffman's failure criterion is appropriate for orthotropic material like wood. The loading places must simulate the real constructional tread using.

Our research object was to record and to measure as much as possible Akhalteke horses, which are bred in Czech Republic, Russia and Kazakhstan. We measured and recorded 3 basic body measures - Height at withers, chest girth and girth of cannon. The only condition we have was the age of horses determined on to 3.5 years and older. At the end we recorded 260 horses. We divided the values to the groups according to state, sex and age cathegory. We use the GLM method and Tukey-B test to evaluate the results. The results of the analyse of the Height at withers (HW) shew the statistically conclusively lower values of Czech horses than in horses from Russia and Kazakhstan. The average of the HW of Czech Akhalteke horses is 154.0385cm, in comparison with Russia 157.94 cm and Kazakhstanu 156.53 cm. Next we found the statistically conclusive differencies of the values of the Girth of Chest (GCh) between Akhalteke horses from Russia (179.65 cm), Czech Akhalteke horses (177.08 cm) and horses from Kazakhstan (174.82 cm). Also the Akhalteke mares (180.06 cm) had the statistically conclusivelly higher the GCh than stallions (176.58 cm).

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cultivation, sowing, fertilisation techniques and chosen hybrids of maize upon infestation Ostrinia nubilalis. The experiment was performed in the maize monocultures in pilot plant test of Agrodružstvo Klas Křičeň (Pardubice district, Pardubice county) between 2001-2003. An increase in the number and the harmfulness of Ostrinia nubilalis were observed in the vegetation. This significant spread is the result of the monocultural way of growing the crop with the individual treatments being conducted on the same plots (damaged plant of year 2001 - 37 %, 2002 - 44 %, 2003 - 66 %). The time sowing method had a significant influence on the increased number of Ostrinia nubilalis (1^st term of sowing 15,3 %, 2^nd term of sowing 53,9 %). Only corn cobs were harvested and large amounts of postharvest remnants stayed on the field which acted as a reservoir for the next season. Neither various soil cultivation techniques, difference between the second sowing, soil protection technology, or traditional cultivation prove to be no significant (difference 7,0 %).

Some associated substances which are not innate to the drying wood may be evaporated together with moisture to the surrounding environment during the drying process. These substances in high concentrations can be dangerous and have negativ influence on the living environment. This work deals about the results of expertize condensation arose during the drying of spruce wood. Wet spruce lumber was dried by dehumidification system with low temperature conditions (55 °C). The analysis of condensate fluid (water) collected during the first part of drying process shows on a content of some volatile organic compounds. The condensed fluid was get from drying of spruce timbre of 24 mm of width. The timbre was dried in a small semi industrials scale drying kiln when the moisture of the lumber was 56% in the beginning of the process. Volume of the lumber under examination was 2.2 m³. The condensate fluid was originally from down pipe. The condensate fluid was collected during the initiatory phase of the drying, four hours after the initiation of the drying process itself. First, the value of pH of the condensate fluid was measured. Determination of volatile organic compounds was done by accredited method SOA-16. The concentration of these substances were under the limits set in the statute No. 61/2003 Law Digest.

The aim of this article is to analyse efficiency of sales channels in the time when new products are being launched. As the most suitable method for this analysis was chosen the method of mystery shopping because it can properly compare and measure the most aspects of sales process quality. The results of mystery shopping focused on sales approach of sales assistants showed significant differences in performance of external and internal sales channels in analysed time periods. At the moment there is no significant difference in the support of external and internal sales channels during product launches because it is perceived that both of these sales channels should be highly motivated to sell new products and therefore there is no need in this busy periods to split the effort into two individually designed sales supports. As depicted in the article it would be benefitial to change this approach since the potential of external sales channels is not fully revealed and used as much as it could be. Seeing the fact that all companies generate enormous pressure to launch new products with the highest excellency implementing diverse support should be one of possibilities how to achieve it. Description and explanation of differences in mystery shopping results in external and internal sales channels are used as a base for formulating an approach how sales and marketing efficiency during product launches in external sales channels could be increased.

The changes of vaginal and vestibular impedance during the oestrous cycle in goats were examined. The onset of oestrus was teased with a buck once a day during the experiment. Impedance was measured by a four-terminal method. The vaginal impedance was recorded under slight pressure of electrodes to the vaginal dorsal wall at the cervix. The vestibular impedance was recorded under slight pressure of electrodes to the vestibular dorsal wall 5 cm from the vulva and at the vulva. The impedance was measured once a day from 4 days before the expected oestrus to 6 days after onset of oestrus. The vaginal impedance at the cervix decreased during pro-oestrus (P < 0.01) and increased during oestrus (P < 0.01). The vestibular impedance 5 cm from the vulva decreased during pro-oestrus (P < 0.01) and increased after oestrus (P < 0.01). The decrease of vaginal impedance during peri-oestrus was nearly twofold in comparison with the vestibular impedance 5 cm from the vulva. No significant decrease of the vestibular impedance at the vulva was found during the oestrous cycle. The results indicate that the vaginal impedance at the cervix and vestibular impedance 5 cm from the vulva measured by means of a four-terminal method during the oestrous cycle display cyclic changes that are closely related to the oestrous behaviour of goats.

The aim of this paper is to examine the abrasive resistance of the plywood formatted by fiberglass. Our methodology for the evaluation of the newly designed material was developed so that it corresponds to the related European standards. It is complemented with the sampling method and the preparation of the samples for examination including their climatization. According to our design, we carried out the measurements of the selected structures of fire-proof multi-layered veneer materials with coats of different surface weight in combination with the fiberglass. The gained data about the abrasive resistance can be considered as reliable. The rates of abrasive resistance were examined in reference to the EU current standards which set their area of application. This research is part of the MSMT project No. MSM 6215648902 "Les a dřevo" (Forest and Wood).

In this work, the level of microbial contamination of pork and beef meat for processing of heat-untreated fermented meat products was monitored. In company providing samples for this work, meat was kept frozen for period of 6 days (144 hours), which was not effective due to the financialy expensive frozing storages. The relationship between meat freezing period and number of selected technological as well as hygienical significant microorganisms was monitored, with the aim to optimize frozing period to keep microbial quality of meat and meat products. Microbiological analysis of meat samples was performed before freezing of meat and after 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours of freezing. Furthermore, the analysis was carried out after 7 and 21 days of meat products storing period. Total number of microorganisms, total number of psychrotrophic microorganisms, yeast and fungi, coliforms, bacteria of the genus Enterococcus and bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae were detected. As from results, sufficient period for meat freezing was 72 hours. After this period total count of microorganisms as well as bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms bacteria and bacteria of the genus Enterococcus reached the level, which at next freezing was not influenced. Number of psychrotrophic microorganisms were growing by next prolonging of freezing period, above 72 hours. Numbers of yeast and moulds became almost unchanged during the whole freezing period.

A two year-experiment was carried out to study the effect of root inoculation with two biopreparations, Vambac^® (VA-mycorrhiza genus Glomus, Gigaspora and the rhizospheric bacteria Agrobacterium radiobacter) and Amalgerol^® (composed of vegetative and sea-algae oils and extracts) on leaf mineral concentration, vegetative and generative behaviour in two year old apple trees cv. 'Jonagold'/M.9. Trees were grown in 10 l plastic pots in unsterilized sandy clay soil (Fluvisols) under climatic conditions of South Moravia (49°,25' N; 16°,55' E), Czech Republic. Leaves were sampled eight times during the experiment (four times per year) for analysis of: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn. Mycorrhizal infection was determined with the gridline-intersection method. Inoculated plants showed higher VA root infection during both years (best results were 46% on the first year and 41.7% on the second year) and higher leaf P concentrations, in particular when biopreparations were applied together (P = 0.23% DW), than non inoculated (4% of root infection during year one and 15% during year two; P = 0.183% DW). N, K, Ca and Mg were not significantly affected by treatments. In many cases application of biopreparations decreased Fe, Mn and Zn leaf levels. Shoot length was strongly enhanced in inoculated plants only during the first year (46% more than non inoculated). No significant differences were detected between inoculated and non inoculated plants for: trunk diameter, spur number, root volume, leaf dry weight, number of blossoms and yield. It is concluded that the studied biopreparations have the capacity to colonize and persist in the roots of apple trees (VA-mycorrhizal fungus), enhance the uptake of phosphorus and vegetative growth but they could decreased the uptake of Fe, Mn and Zn.

Due to their worldwide distribution and also detrimental potential virus diseases of grapevine are economically very important. In grapevine plants Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) is one of the most harmful virus pathogens. The aim of this study was evaluate the occurrence of GFLV and ArMV in vineyards of the Grapevine Breeding Station Polešovice (Czech Republic) using the ELISA test and visual symptoms. In every year from 2001-2004 altogether 225 grapevine plants were tested for the occurrence of GFLV and ArMV. In case of GFLV positive results were obtained in 43 plants, i. e. in 19.11% of all samples. In case of ArMV there were 51 positive tests, i.e. 22.66%. Our results demonstrated a occurrence of GFLV and ArMV in propagation vineyards, which was comparable with results obtained abroad. It was also demonstrated that a professional visual selection could provide a good basis for the identification of virus diseases and their subsequent tests.

Combination of microbiology cultivation methods and methods of molecular biology is the best way how to achieve correct qualitative and quantitative probiotic analysis. The aim of this study was monitoring of amounts of different starter bacteria supplemented with probiotic bacterial cells Lactobacillus casei (Chr. Hansen) during fermentation and ripening of fermented sausages. Two starter cultures, one consisted of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Staphylococcus xylosus, the second of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Staphylococcus carnosus, were used for the production of sausages. As a detection method of starter and probiotic cell counts, the cultivation on MRS -IM - sorbitol agar was used. Furthermore, the confirmation of L. casei was carried out using species specific PCR. The counts of probiotic L. casei in both probiotic sausages were 10⁶/g and stayed at this level during the whole ripening period (100 days). The counts of starter bacteria were 10⁷/g after the 7 days of fermentation and stayed at this level during the whole fermentation period. PCR from one bacterial colony confirmed the identity of L. casei in 80% of analysed colonies.