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The paper deals with the evaluation of economic contexts of the direct payments, as a targeted lump-sum financial transfer to the recipient's income, employment in agricultural policy. Based upon the basic types of subsidies and their economic costs evaluation from the point of view of their deforming effects as well as transaction costs the direct payments are analysed generally as a type of support without a distorting effect on the gathering and transmission of market signals. The direct payments imply that the predominant flow from public funding to agriculture is paid independently from the volume of the present production (its amount and structure) and make possible to choose the best structure of farm activities. However, their additional expenses are evaluated as a relatively very high. The transaction costs are high because the realisation of their objective (increase of the recipients' income) requires detailed personal information. Budgetary costs may also become extraordinarily high in the long term. On the basis at above the positive as well as negative components of their capacity for producers' decision-making processes and their impact on the competitiveness in the framework of the modern agriculture are evaluated. In the following part of the paper the relationships effects of decoupled payments and agrarian markets are evaluated. Results of analyses indicate, the decoupled payments are not fully production neutral. Four topics of influence through which decoupled payments could affect production decisions are bringing to the attention as follows: wealth and investment effects (direct wealth effect, a wealth-facilitated increased investment effect, and a secondary wealth effect resulting from the increase in investment), sector consolidation effects, payment basis effects, and producer risk and expectations effects.

The article is focused on an analysis of educational attainment of an individual and income situation of their household. At the beginning, a compendious summary of secondary sources is introduced. It resumes data supporting and contradicting the hypothesis about education as a determinant of an income situation. The preliminary theses analysis is performed by results quantification of a project called European Union - Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Aim of the paper is to verify the input thesis assumed from secondary resources. The thesis concerns the direct proportion between a level of education achieved and level of financial income. An introduction of a methodology and research summarized data forms a basis for particular analyses which are based on a conjunction of obtained information on household average monthly income and the educational attainment of their leading member. Analyses are sustained by contingency which characterizes social groups, i.e. spheres in which leading members are mostly involved with regard to income.
Research results proved the validity of the preliminary thesis about correlation, respectively direct proportionality of educational attainment and monthly income amount. Education is consequently identified as one of income situation determinants. The authors anticipate specificity of the selected point of view. Results are therefore presented only as a partial argument and a possible base for further enquiries.

The aim of the article is to provide a survey of approaches to the investigation of social capital. And the another purpose is to present a proposal for a concept of social capital that would make it possible to quantify the market-unrealised capital potential with respect to sustainable development of multifunctional agriculture. For identification of social capital due to the specificities of our conditions - mobilizational individual capital and its manifestations in identification with the environment is in order to capture the individual dimensions of the approache mentioned.

Distribution can be defined as a way of goods from producer to consumer. In wine production industry there exist several distribution channels, through which wine is distributed to the final consumer. Aim of this paper is to identify and compare advantages and disadvantages of particular distribution channels for wine sales related to a small wine-producer.
Distribution of wine to the final consumer is done through dealers represented by retail chains, specialized wine-shops, hotels, and restaurants. In a smaller scale it is done through internet sales, own outlets and wine auctions. According to the research of Focus agency, Marketing & Social Research, done in 2009, customers buy wine mostly in retail chains and decide on sort and quality of wine directly at the moment of purchase. Selection is based except wine quality also on the shape of the bottle, etiquette, and also cork (consumers explicitly prefer cork, and the screw top rather discourages). Certain part of customers - specifically those, who are more acquainted with wine - buy wine in special wine-shops. The research shows a decrease of direct wine-sales.
When using services of independent trade organizations, producers have to control the intensity of commercial activities and knowledge of technical characteristics of products. Small wine producers, though, do not have to use this distribution channel, and can focus only on direct sales. For some small wine producers, specifically those operating in the areas with an extended possibility for wine-tourism, this channel can be more suitable and effective than using retail chains. This way of distribution does not require extensive start-up investments, it is directly dependent on producers own effort, and can be done as a supplementary activity to the main source of income.
Regardless the particular choice of a distribution channel by a small wine producer it is necessary to be judged not only from the viewpoint of its advantages and disadvantages, but also by a detailed analysis of costs of sales.

This paper proposes an analysis of the possible means for eliminating risks due to liability for environmental damage caused by the actions of an operator whose activities potentially threaten the natural environment and may cause biodiversity damage. Risks are assessed with regard to risk insurability criteria for potential damage to the natural environment. The importance of risk management is stressed in the new form known as Enterprise Risk Management. Risk management is becoming increasingly important as part of the Solvency II concept, currently in preparation by European Commission, whose first and second pillars accent risk management in financial institutions and consistent quantification of existing, hidden and potential risks.
This paper focuses on an analysis of specific presumptions about the insurability of risk as concerns environmental insurance. The paper was written as part of research project MSM 6215648904, carried out by the Faculty of Business and Economics, under the name "The Czech Republic in the processes of integration and globalization, and the development of the agriculture and service sector in the new conditions of the integrated European market", following the goals and methodology of the research project.