Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2018, 66(6), 1485-1496 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201866061485

Sports as a Stepping-Stone for Entrepreneurship: Examining Sports University Students

Marian Holienka1, Jana Holienková2, Miroslav Holienka3
1 Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 820 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 917 01 Trnava, Slovak Republic
3 Department of Sports Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Nábr. arm. gen. L. Svobodu 9, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Sports and entrepreneurship have several common attributes. Therefore, when focusing on entrepreneurship among university students, sports students deserve special attention. The main aim of our exploratory study was to examine personality traits, enterprising tendencies and entrepreneurial propensity of sports students. Our study was based on data gathered through own data collection using a survey instrument comprising of established measures of enterprising tendencies and interpersonal aspect of personality, and items capturing individual's entrepreneurial propensity and other personal and environmental attributes. We have collected 254 responses from 130 sports and 124 pedagogy students, who served as a comparison group. Our findings show that sports students exhibit higher enterprising tendency, significant differences in four out of eight examined general personality traits, and higher entrepreneurial propensity compared to their pedagogy counterparts. In search of potential origins of these differences and high embeddedness of entrepreneurship among sports students, we explored selected individual attributes as well as environmental factors related to respondents' personal and university settings. Based on our findings, we develop implications for entrepreneurship encouragement and utilization of enterprising potential in sports student population.

Keywords: entrepreneurship, students, sports, enterprising tendency, personality traits, education
Grants and funding:

This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-14-0647.

Published: December 19, 2018  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Holienka, M., Holienková, J., & Holienka, M. (2018). Sports as a Stepping-Stone for Entrepreneurship: Examining Sports University Students. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis66(6), 1485-1496. doi: 10.11118/actaun201866061485
Download citation

References

  1. ANSARI, P. and HUSIN, S. 2015. Entrepreneurship Education in Sports: Issues and Challenges. In: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Management, Finance & Entrepreneurship (ICMFE-2015). International Foundation for Research and Development, 11 - 12 April. Medan, Indonesia: IFRD, pp. 60 - 66.
  2. ARENIUS, P. and MINNITI, M. 2005. Perceptual Variables and Nascent Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 24(3): 233-247. DOI: 10.1007/s11187-005-1984-x Go to original source...
  3. BANDURA, A. 1986. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  4. BAUM, J. R. and LOCKE, E. A. 2004. The relation of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4): 587-598. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.89.4.587 Go to original source...
  5. BECKER, G. S. 1993 Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education. 3rd Edition. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. Go to original source...
  6. BOSMA, N. et al. 2012. Entrepreneurship and role models. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2): 410-424. DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2011.03.004 Go to original source...
  7. BRANDSTÄTTER, H. 2011. Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: A look at five meta-analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3): 222-230. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.007 Go to original source...
  8. CAIRD, S. 1990. What Does it Mean to be Enterprising? British Journal of Management, 1(3): 137-145. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8551.1990.tb00002.x Go to original source...
  9. CAIRD, S. 1991. Testing Enterprising Tendency in Occupational Groups. British Journal of Management, 2(4): 177-186. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8551.1991.tb00025.x Go to original source...
  10. CAIRD, S. 1993. What do psychological tests suggest about entrepreneurs? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 8(6): 11-20. DOI: 10.1108/02683949310047428 Go to original source...
  11. FLEŠKOVÁ, M. and BABIAKOVÁ, B. 2011. Entrepreneurship in relation to Big Five personality dimensions [in Slovak: Podnikanie vo vzťahu k osobnostným dimenziám Big Five]. In: Sociálne procesy a osobnosť 2010: zborník príspevkov. Stará Lesná, 20-22 September. Košice: Spoločenskovedný ústav SAV, pp. 100-107.
  12. GARTNER, W. B. 1988. Who is an Entrepreneur? is the wrong question. American Journal of Small Business, 12(4): 11-32. DOI: 10.1177/104225878801200401 Go to original source...
  13. GERI, S. 2013. Research on Entrepreneurial Characteristics of Students in School of Physical Education and Sports. Turkish Journal of Education, 2(3): 50-60.
  14. GONZÁLEZ-SERRANO, M. H. et al. 2016. The influence of gender and academic training in the entrepreneurial intention of physical activity and sport sciences students [in Spanish: La influencia del género y de la formación académica en la intención de emprender de los estudiantes de ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte]. Intangible Capital, 12(3): 759-788. DOI: 10.3926/ic.783 Go to original source...
  15. GONZÁLEZ-SERRANO, M. H. et al. 2017. The importance of developing the entrepreneurial capacities in sport sciences university students. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 9(4): 625-640. DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2017.1316762 Go to original source...
  16. HOLIENKA M., HOLIENKOVÁ J. and GÁL P. 2015. Entrepreneurial Characteristics of Students in Different Fields of Study: a View from Entrepreneurship Education Perspective. Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun., 63(6): 1879-1889. DOI: 10.11118/actaun201563061879 Go to original source...
  17. HOLIENKA, M. and HOLIENKOVÁ, J. 2014. Enterprising tendencies of management and psychology students: differences and common attributes. Comenius Management Review, 8(1): 39-52.
  18. HOLIENKA, M., GÁL, P. and PILKOVÁ, A. 2018. Slovak students and entrepreneurship. GUESSS 2016 [in Slovak: Slovenskí študenti a podnikanie. GUESSS 2016]. Bratislava: Comenius University in Bratislava. In print.
  19. HOLMSTRӦM, S., LINDBERG, E. and JANSSON, J. 2016. Entrepreneurial Education Embedded in Sport Psychology: A Swedish Case Study. Journal of Education and Training, 3(1): 126-138. DOI: 10.5296/jet.v3i1.8374 Go to original source...
  20. HU, R. and YE, Y. 2017. Do Entrepreneurial Alertness and Self-efficacy Predict Chinese Sports Major Students' Entrepreneurial Intention? Social Behavior and Personality, 45(7): 1187-1196. DOI: 10.2224/sbp.6356 Go to original source...
  21. CHLOSTA, S. et al. 2012. Parental role models and the decision to become self-employed: The moderating effect of personality. Small Business Economy, 38: 121-138. DOI: 10.1007/s11187-010-9270-y Go to original source...
  22. JANSEN, S. et al. 2015. How education, stimulation, and incubation encourage student entrepreneurship: Observations from MIT, IIIT, and Utrecht University. The International Journal of Management Education, 13(2): 170-181. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijme.2015.03.001 Go to original source...
  23. JARVIS, M. 2006. Sport psychology: a student's handbook. Hove, East Sussex: Routledge.
  24. JONES, P. and JONES, A. 2014. Attitudes of Sports Development and Sports Management undergraduate students towards entrepreneurship. Education + Training, 56(8/9): 716-732. DOI: 10.1108/ET-06-2014-0060 Go to original source...
  25. KOŽENÝ, J. and GANICKÝ, P. 1976. Interpersonal diagnosis of personality questionnaire [in Czech: Dotazník interpersonální diagnózy - ICL]. Bratislava: Psychodiagnostické a didaktické testy.
  26. LEUTNER, F. et al. 2014. The relationship between the entrepreneurial personality and the Big Five personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 63: 58-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.042 Go to original source...
  27. LINDQUIST, M., SOL, J. and VAN PRAAG, M. 2015. Why Do Entrepreneurial Parents Have Entrepreneurial Children? Journal of Labor Economics, 33(2): 269-296 DOI: 10.1086/678493 Go to original source...
  28. MESÁROŠOVÁ, M. and MESÁROŠ, P. 2013. Enterprising tendency of students and entrepreneurs [in Slovak: Podnikateľská tendencia študentov a podnikateľov]. In: Psychológia práce a organizácie 2012: zborník z medzinárodnej konferencie. UPJŠ, 23-24 April. Košice: UPJŠ, 89-101.
  29. NAMBISAN, S. 2015. Embracing Entrepreneurship Across Disciplines. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2015. Go to original source...
  30. NECK, H. et al. 2014. Teaching Entrepreneurship. A Practice-Based Approach. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  31. ORBÁNOVÁ, D. and VELICHOVÁ, L. 2013. Importance of Entrepreneurship and Financial Literacy in the Socio-Economic Progress and Personal Growth of Young People in the Slovak Republic [in Slovak: Význam podnikavosti a finančnej gramotnosti v socioekonomickom a osobnom rozvoji mladých ľudí v Slovenskej republike]. Sociológia, 45(5): 470-488.
  32. RAMOS-RODRIGUEZ, R. A. et al. 2010. What you know or who you know? The role of intellectual and social capital in opportunity recognition. International Small Business Journal, 28(6): 566-582. DOI: 10.1177/0266242610369753 Go to original source...
  33. RAUCH, A. and FRESE, M. 2007. Let's put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4): 353-385. DOI: 10.1080/13594320701595438 Go to original source...
  34. RAUCH, A. and FRESE, M. 2012. Born to Be an Entrepreneur? Revisiting the Personality Approach to Entrepreneurship. In: BAUM, J. R. et al. (Eds.). The Psychology of Entrepreneurship. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  35. ROTTER, J. B. 1966. Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1): 1-28. DOI: 10.1037/h0092976 Go to original source...
  36. SERARSLAN, M. Z. and OZMAN, C. 2015. Investigation of entrepreneurship levels of university students studying at sports management departments in terms of some variables. Journal of Health, Sport and Tourism, 6(1): 50-55.
  37. SIEGER, P., FUEGLISTALLER, U. and ZELLWEGER, T. 2016. Student Entrepreneurship 2016: Insights From 50 Countries. St. Gallen/Bern: KMU-HSG/IMU.
  38. SORENSEN, J. B. 2007. Closure and exposure: Mechanisms in the intergenerational transmission of self-employment. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 25(83): 83-124. DOI: 10.1016/S0733-558X(06)25003-1 Go to original source...
  39. VAN AUKEN, H. et al. 2006. The influence of role models on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Developmental Engineering, 11(2): 157-167. Go to original source...
  40. WELSCH, D. H. B. 2014. Creative Cross-Disciplinary Entrepreneurship. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.