Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2014, 62(4), 685-695 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201462040685

Pro-active Behaviour in Context of Team Climate

Ladislav Pilař, Jitka Pokorná, Tereza Balcarová
Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic

Employees are considered to be the main source of creativity, innovation, change and development of the enterprise, which can be considered as key success factors. However, if the company climate does not encourage employee activity, development may slow or stagnate. This article focuses on the possibility of prediction of personal initiative and employee silence based on quantification of the team climate. Relationships between constructs (1) "Team climate" and (2) "Pro-active Behaviour" are evaluated on the basis of Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analysis. All factors of the construct "Team climate": (T1) Future olrientation, (T2) Peer support of change, (T3) Team Vision and (T4) Regular Contact, have a significant impact on the factors of the construct "Pro-active Behaviour": (P1) Initiative and a negative impact on (P2) Defence silence. No statistically significant effect in relation to the factors (P3) Loyalty and (P4) Stagnation was identified. The effects, in relation to the initiative of the employees were identified in the interval r = |0.305| - |0.488|. The factor of Defence silence of employees effects "Team climate" factors in the interval r = |0.329| - |0.550|. In both cases this concerns medium dependence. The research results can be used to quantify the quality of team climate in order to enhance the individuals' long-term initiative and organisational effectiveness. This knowledge serves managers as the basis for leadership and development of pro-active behaviour of team members.

Keywords: Team climate, Initiative, Employee Silence, Defence Silence, Loyalty, Stagnation, Pro-active Behaviour
Grants and funding:

The article originated as a part of the Internal Grant Agency (IGA) of the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Registration Numbers 20131053 and 20131026.

Published: October 4, 2014  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Pilař, L., Pokorná, J., & Balcarová, T. (2014). Pro-active Behaviour in Context of Team Climate. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis62(4), 685-695. doi: 10.11118/actaun201462040685
Download citation

References

  1. AÇIKGÖZ, A. and GÜNSEL, A. 2011. The effects of organisational climate on team innovativeness. Social and Behavioural Sciences, 24: 920-927. Go to original source...
  2. AGARWAL, U. A., DATTA, S. and BHARGAVA S. 2012. Linking LMX, innovative work behaviour and turnover intentions: The mediating role of work engagement. Career Development International, 17(3): 208-230. DOI: 10.1108/13620431211241063 Go to original source...
  3. AMABILE, T. M. 1998. How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review, 76(5): 77-87.
  4. ANDERSON, N. R. and WEST, M. A. 1994. The Team Climate Inventory: Manual and User’s Guide. Windsor: ASE/NFER-Nelson Press.
  5. ANDERSON, N. R. and WEST, M. A. 1998. Measuring climate for work group innovation: development and validation of the team climate inventory. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 19: 235-258. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199805)19:33.0.CO;2-C Go to original source...
  6. BAETZ, W. G. 2003. Organisational learning practices. NY: State University of New York, University of Albany.
  7. BEAR, M. and FRESE, M. 2003. Innovation is not Enough: Climates for Initiative and Psychological Safety, Process Innovations and Firm Performance. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 24: 45-68. DOI: 10.1002/job.179 Go to original source...
  8. BEAULIEU, M. D., DRAGIEVA, N., DEL GRANDE, C. et al. 2014. The Team Climate Inventory as a Measure of Primary Care Teams’ Processes: Validation of the French Version. Healthcare Policy, 9(3): 40-54. Go to original source...
  9. BLAŠKOVÁ, M. 2009. Correlations between the Increase in Motivation and Increase in Quality. Ekonomika a Management, 4: 54-68.
  10. BLUNCH, N. J. 2008. Introduction to structural equation modelling using SPSS and AMOS. Los Angeles: SAGE. Go to original source...
  11. BOLINO, M. C. and TRUNLEY, W. H. 2005. The Personal Costs of Citizenship Behaviour: The Relationship between Individual Initiative and Role overload, Job Stress, and Work-Family Conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90: 740-748. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.740 Go to original source...
  12. BOLINO, M., VALCEA, S. and HARVEY, J. 2010. Employee, manage thyself: The potentially negative implications of expecting employees to behave proactively. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 83: 325-346. DOI: 10.1348/096317910X493134 Go to original source...
  13. BROWN, T. A., 2006. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. NewYork: Guilford Press.
  14. BOWEN, N. K. 2011. Structural equation modeling. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Go to original source...
  15. BYRNE, B. M. 2001. Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and programming. Mahwah. N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  16. CESCHI, A., DOROFEEVA, K. and SARTORI, R. 2014. Studying teamwork and team climate by using a business simulation: How communication and innovation can improve group learning and decision-making performance. European Journal of Training and Development, 38(3): 211-230. DOI: 10.1108/EJTD-01-2013-0004 Go to original source...
  17. COLQUITT, J. A. and GREENBERG, J. 2005. Handbook of organisational justice. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  18. DAWSON, J. F. and RICHTER, A. W. 2006. Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: Development and application of a slope difference test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 917-926. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.917 Go to original source...
  19. DRACH-ZAHAVY, A. 2001. Understanding team innovation: The role of team processes and structures. AnitGroup Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 5(2): 111-123. DOI: 10.1037/1089-2699.5.2.111 Go to original source...
  20. FEDOROVÁ, A. and RAJCHLOVÁ, J. 2012. Development of number of employees in the Czech companies with venture capital investment. Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 11(7): 61-70. DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260070061 Go to original source...
  21. FRANCES, J. and MORRISON, E. W. 2003. Shades of Silence: Emerging Themes and Future Directions for Research on Silence in Organisations. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6): 1563-1568. Go to original source...
  22. FRESE, M. and FAY, D. 2001. Personal initiative: an active performance concept for work in the 21st Century. Research in Organisational Behaviour, 23: 133-187. DOI: 10.1016/S0191-3085(01)23005-6 Go to original source...
  23. FRESE, M., FAY, D., HILBURGER, T., LENG, K. and TAG, A. 1997. The concept of personal initiative: operationalization, reliability and validity in two German samples. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 70(2): 139-61. DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00639.x Go to original source...
  24. FRESE, M., GARST, H. and FAY, D. 2007. Making things happen: Reciprocal relationships between work characteristics and personal initiative (PI) in a fourwave longitudinal structural equation model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 1084-1102. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.1084 Go to original source...
  25. FRESE, M., KRING, W., SOOSE, A. and ZEMPEL, J. 1996. Personal initiative at work: Differences between East and West Germany. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 37-63. DOI: 10.2307/256630 Go to original source...
  26. FROHMAN, A. L. 1999. Personal Initiative Sparks Innovation. Research- Technology Management, 42(3): 32-38. DOI: 10.1080/08956308.1999.11671281 Go to original source...
  27. GARSON, D. 2006. PA765: Structural Equation Modeling. [Online]. Available on: http://www2.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/pa765/structur.htm. [20 Mar 2014].
  28. GRANT, A. M. 2008. Does intrinsic motivation fuel the prosocial fire? Motivational synergy in predicting persistence, performance, and productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1): 48-58. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.48 Go to original source...
  29. GRANT, A. M. and ASHFORD, S. J. 2008. The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organisational Behaviour, 28: 3-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002 Go to original source...
  30. GRANT, A. M., NURMOHAMED, S., ASHFORD, J. S. and DEKAS, K. 2011. The performance implications of ambivalent initiative: The interplay of autonomous and controlled motivations. Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 116(2): 241-251. DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.03.004 Go to original source...
  31. GRANT, A. M., PARKER, S. K. and COLLINS, C. G. 2009. Getting credit for proactive behaviour: Supervisor reactions depend on what you value and how you feel. Personnel Psychology, 62(1): 31-55. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.01128.x Go to original source...
  32. HAIR, J. F., BLACK, W. C., BABIN, B. J., ANDERSON, R. E., and TATHAM, R. L. 2006. Multivariate data analysis. 6th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  33. HARTGERINK, J. M., CRAMM, J. M., BAKKER, T. J. et al. 2014. The importance of multidisciplinary teamwork and team climate for relational coordination among teams delivering care to older patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(4): 791-799. DOI: 10.1111/jan.12233 Go to original source...
  34. HRON, J., PILAŘ, L., POKORNÁ, J., and ŠTÁDLEROVÁ, M. 2012. Possibilities of using the four-factorial inventory of the climate of innovation in the czech agricultural sector. Agris on-Line Papers in Economics and Informatics. 4(3): 31-39.
  35. HSU-MIN, T., FENG-CHUAN, L. and WEST, M. A. 2009. The Team Climate Inventory (TCI): A psychometric test on a Taiwanese sample of work groups. Small Group Research, 40(4): 465-482. Go to original source...
  36. CHATZI, S. C. and NIKOLAOU, I. 2008. Validation of the four-factor Team Climate Inventory in Greece. International Journal of Organisational Analysis, 15(4): 341-357. DOI: 10.1108/19348830710900142 Go to original source...
  37. CHEUNG, M. F. Y. and WONG, C. 2011. Transformational leadership, leader support, and employee creativity. Leadership & Organisation Development Journal, 32 (7): 656-672. DOI: 10.1108/01437731111169988 Go to original source...
  38. MATHISEN, G. E., EINARSEN, S., JØRSTAD, K. and BRØNNICK, K. S. 2004. Climate for work group creativity and innovation: Norwegian validation of the team climate inventory (TCI). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 45(5): 383-92. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2004.00420.x Go to original source...
  39. MICHALIK, C. C. 2003. Innovatives Engagement. Eine empirische Untersuchung zum Phänomen des Bootlegging, Wiesbaden: Gabler.
  40. PILAŘ, L. 2013. Determinanty procesu osobní iniciativy a mlčení zaměstnanců. Praha: ČZU.
  41. PROUDFOOT, J., JAYASINGHE, U. W., HOLTON, C., GRIMM, J., BUBNER, T., AMOROSO, C., BEILBY, J. and HARRIS, M. F. 2007. Praccap Research Team. Teamclimate for innovation: what difference does it make in general practice? International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(3): 164-169. DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzm005 Go to original source...
  42. RAGAZZONI, P., BAIARDI, P., ZOTTI, A. M., ANDERSON, N. and WEST, M. 2002. Research note: Italian validation of the team climate inventory: a measure of team climate for innovation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(4): 325-336. DOI: 10.1108/02683940210428128 Go to original source...
  43. RANK, J., PACE, V. L. and FRESE, M. 2004. Three avenues for future research on creativity, innovation, and initiative. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53: 518-528. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00185.x Go to original source...
  44. SCHLOSSER, F. and ZOLINE, R. 2012. Hearing voice and silence during stressful economic times. Employee Relations, 34(5): 555-573. DOI: 10.1108/01425451211248569 Go to original source...
  45. SCHNEIDER, B. and WHITE, S. S. 2004. Service Quality: Research Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  46. SUN, R., ZHAO, J. and CHEN, X. Y. 2011. Exploratory analysis about the status quo and differences of organisational innovative climate in China. Nankai Business Review International, 2(2): 195-212. DOI: 10.1108/20408741111139945 Go to original source...
  47. TABACHNICK, B. G. and FIDELL, L. S. 2007. Using Multivariate Statistics. 5th ed. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
  48. TALKE, K., SALOMO, S. and MENSEL, N. 2006. A Competence-Based Model of Initiatives for Innovations. Journal of Creativity and Innovation Management, 15(4): 373-384. Go to original source...
  49. TANGIRALA, S. and RAMANUJAM, R. 2008. Employee silence on critical work issues: The cross level effects of procedural justice climate. Personnel Psychology, 61: 37-68. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.00105.x Go to original source...
  50. VAKOLA, M. and BOURADAS, D. 2005. Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: an empirical investigation. Employee Relations, 27: 441-458. DOI: 10.1108/01425450510611997 Go to original source...
  51. VAN DYNE, L. and BOTERO, I. C. 2003. Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6): 1359-1392. DOI: 10.1111/1467-6486.00384 Go to original source...
  52. WALL, T. D. and JACKSON, P. R. 1995. New manufacturing initiatives and shopfloor job design. In: HOWARD, A. (Ed.): The changing nature of work. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 139-174.
  53. WEST, M. A. 1990. The social psychology of innovation in Gross. In: WEST, M. A. and FARR, J. L. (Eds): Innovation and Creativity at Work: Psychological and Organisational Strategies. Chichester: Wiley.
  54. WHITLEY, B., KITE, M. E. and ADAMS, H. L. 2012. Principles of research in behavioural science. 3rd ed. New York: Psychology Press. Go to original source...
  55. WRIGHT, B. M. and CORDERY, J. L. 1999. Production uncertainty as a contextual moderator of employee reactions to job design. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84: 456-463. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.84.3.456 Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.