Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(5), 203-208 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058050203

Organické látky v kořenových exsudátech rostliny Miscanthus × Giganteus a limitace aktivity mikroorganismů v rhizosférní půdě této rostliny minerálními živinami

Hana Kaňová1, Joffrey Carre2, Valerie Vranová1, Klement Rejšek1, Pavel Formánek1
1 Ústav geologie a pedologie, Mendelova univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika
2 University Paul Verlaine Metz, CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville Yutz - Impasse A. Kastler - 57970 Yutz - France

Cílem této práce bylo stanovení vybraných nízkomolekulárních organických látek v kořenových exsudátech rostliny Miscanthus × Giganteus a stanovení limitace aktivity mikroorganismů v rhizosférní půdě této rostliny minerálními živinami. Kořenové exsudáty M. × Giganteus byly sbírány v 0,5 mM CaCl2, přičemž rostliny v různých fázích růstu byly použity k daným účelům. Z jednotlivých cukrů byly v kořenových exsudátech M. × Giganteus stanoveny glukóza a sacharóza (rostliny v pozdně letní fázi růstu); organické kyseliny determinované v kořenových exsudátech mladých (27 dní) rostlin byly přítomny v následujícím pořadí koncentrací: kyselina jantarová > propionová > citronová > vinná > jablečná > šťavelová > askorbová > octová > fumarová. Respirace mikroorganismů v rhizosféře byla limitována přítomností minerálních živin. Zvýšení respirace rhizosférních mikroorganismů po přídavku nejvyšších koncentrací minerálních živin (500 μg / g sušiny půdy) se projevilo v následujícím pořadí : nitráty > vápník > draslík > amonný iont, a to o 165, 99, 52 and 31 % ve srovnáni s rhizosférní půdou bez ošetření danými elementy. Vzhledem k absenci poznatků o limitaci mikroorganismů rhizosférní půdy minerálními živinami je třeba důkladnějšího a rozsáhlejšího výzkumu pro pochopení významu minerálních živin v mikrobiální aktivitě rhizosféry.

kořenové exsudáty, Miscanthus × Giganteus, organické kyseliny, cukry, respirace, rhizosféra, půda, minerální živiny

Organic compounds in root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus greef et deu and limitation of microorganisms in its rhizosphere by nutrients

This study was conducted to determine the composition of sugars and organic acids in root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus and to find out if microorganisms of the rhizospheric soil are limited by mineral nutrients. The following sugars and organic acids were determined in root exudates of this plant: glucose, saccharose, and acids such as succinic, propionic, citric, tartaric, malic, oxalic, ascorbic, acetic and fumaric. Respiration of soil from rhizosphere of Miscanthus × Giganteus was found to be limited by N, K and Ca. Respiration rate after application of mineral compounds increased in following orther: nitrate > calcium > potassium > ammonium, giving approx. 165, 99, 52 and 31 % increase compared to control. Further research is necessary to determine the role of plant nutrients from the point of their limitations for rhizosphere microorganisms, to broader very rare knowledges in this topic, especially for polluted soils to stimulate efficiency of phytoremediations.

Keywords: root exudates, Miscanthus × Giganteus, organic acids, sugars, respiration, rhizosphere, soil, mineral nutrients
Grants and funding:

The study was supported by the project "Assesment of qualitative composition of root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus in different stages of growth" (IGA MENDELU 2009) and by project "Extension of current knowledge on bioavailable amino acids in soil and their utilization by soil microorganisms and plant roots" (IGA MENDELU 2010-2012).

Received: June 24, 2010; Published: August 6, 2014  Show citation

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Kaňová, H., Carre, J., Vranová, V., Rejšek, K., & Formánek, P. (2010). Organic compounds in root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus greef et deu and limitation of microorganisms in its rhizosphere by nutrients. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 58(5), 203-208. doi: 10.11118/actaun201058050203
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