Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(4), 277-284 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058040277

Vliv sinic jako krmiva na ryby

Andrea Ziková1, Miroslava Palíková2, Jan Mareš1, Stanislav Navrátil2, Radovan Kopp1
1 Ústav zoologie, rybářství, hydrobiologie a včelařství, Mendelova univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika
2 Ústav veterinární ekologie a ochrany životního prostředí, Veterinární a farmaceutická univerzita Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Česká republika

Masivní rozvoj vodního květu sinic se stal v mnoha ohledech často diskutovaným celosvětovým tématem. Sinice jsou ve vodním prostředí sice významnými primárními producenty, mohou ale produkovat široké spektrum metabolitů s často negativním účinkem na ostatní organismy. Běžné druhy planktonních sinic jsou producenty toxických metabolitů - cyanotoxinů, které jsou toxické pro poikilotermní i homoiotermní obratlovce včetně člověka. Sinice a ryby se však vyvíjejí po mnoho let společně ve stejném prostředí bez zjevných negativních vlivů na rybí organismus. Navzdory experimentům, které potvrzují škodlivý vliv toxinů sinic na ryby aplikovaných převážně intraperitoneálně, tedy nepřirozenou cestou, pokusy s orální aplikací sinic rybám přinesly často protikladné výsledky. A to od mírné podpory růstu ryb, až po skutečnost, že microcystiny se mohou kumulovat v tkáních ryb a přenášet se v rámci potravního řetězce. Další experimenty však prokazují snížení koncentrace sinicových toxinů po přesunu ryb do čisté vody bez sinic. Na základě získaných výsledků by sinice jako primární producenti mohly být vzhledem ke svému složení využity jako komponent krmných směsí pro ryby. Tyto úvahy nabývají významu v souvislosti s hledáním náhrady za v současnosti nedostatkovou a drahou rybí moučku. Podmínkou je stanovení nutriční hodnoty použitých sinic a biodostupnost v nich obsažených živin pro jednotlivé skupiny ryb. Z pohledu spotřebitelů rybího masa je potřeba další výzkum, který prokáže, že při použití sinic obsahujících cyanotoxiny v krmivech pro ryby nemůže dojít k ohrožení zdraví konzumentů takto krmených ryb.

sinice, krmivo pro ryby, cyanotoxiny

Impacts of dietary cyanobacteria on fish

Development of cyanobacterial water bloom became a common issue all over the world. Cyanobacteria are the most important primary producers in aquatic ecosystems but in some abundant species their secondary metabolites called cyanotoxins seem to be harmful for many animal groups especially mammals but also fish. In fishes, adverse effects have been demonstrated in several studies applying cyanotoxins by unnatural injection. However, cyanobacteria and fish coevolved during ages and therefore the question arises whether cyanobacteria might be even used for fish via oral application (fish diet). The use of cyanobacteria for fish diets is varying including applications of pure cyanobacteria biomass as well as incorporation of cyanotoxin containing cyanobacteria biomass into commercial fish diet. The impacts of cyanobacteria in fish diets administered via the oral route revealed contradictory findings ranging from moderate negative to growth promoting impacts and it seems that any bioaccumulation of microcystins can become depurated by rearing fish in clean water for a short period. According to the results obtained from various experiments, cyanobacteria as primary producers might be used as a component of fish diets especially concerning partial replacement of fish meal. However, the determination of nutrition value and the bioavailibility of nutrients present in cyanobacteria for different fish species needs to be determined. Furthermore thorough research is needed to exclude any harmful problem for the final consumers - humans.

Keywords: blue-green algae, fish diet, cyanotoxins
Grants and funding:

This work was supported by the National Agency for Agricultural Research (project QH71015) and by the Research Project of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic "Veterinary aspects of food safety and quality" (MSM 62 15712402).

Received: March 2, 2010; Published: September 15, 2014  Show citation

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Ziková, A., Palíková, M., Mareš, J., Navrátil, S., & Kopp, R. (2010). Impacts of dietary cyanobacteria on fish. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 58(4), 277-284. doi: 10.11118/actaun201058040277
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