Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2008, 56(5), 243-250 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200856050243

Ovlivnění obsahu síry a fosforu u brambor po aplikaci selenu do půdy

Ľubica Zemková1, Jaroslav Hlušek1, Tomáš Lošák1, Miroslav Jůzl2, Petr Elzner2
1 Ústav agrochemie, půdoznalství, mikrobiologie a výživy rostlin, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika
2 Ústav pěstování, šlechtění rostlin a rostlinolékařství, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika

V maloparcelkovém pokusu s bramborami byly aplikovány zvyšující se dávky selenu do půdy a po sklizni byl sledován obsah selenu, fosforu a síry v syrových hlízách a v nati brambor. Ke sledování byla použita poloraná odrůda Ditta a pokus byl prováděn na dvou lokalitách - Žabčice a Valečov. Selen byl aplikován ve formě seleničitanu sodného do půdy před výsadbou brambor v dávkách 0, 12, 24, 48 a 72 kg Se . ha-1. Odběr vzorků brambor byl proveden po 99 dnech vegetace. Z chemických analýz byl zjištěn nárůst obsahu selenu v hlízách i v nati brambor s jeho aplikovanou dávkou a rovněž průkazná (α < 0,05) pozitivní korelace mezi aplikovanou dávkou selenu a jeho obsahem v hlízách (r = 0,885) a v nati brambor (r = 0,908). Porovnáním analyzovaných částí, t.j. hlízy a nať, byl zaznamenán vyšší obsah selenu v nati brambor. Dále byl v pokusu sledován vliv aplikace selenu na obsah síry a fosforu v nati a v hlízách brambor. Bylo prokázáno statisticky významné snížení obsahu síry v nati brambor (r = -0,872, α < 0,05) s narůstající dávkou selenu. Obsah síry v nati byl u kontrolní varianty bez aplikace selenu 0,48 % v lokalitě Žabčice a 0,49 % v lokalitě Valečov a u varianty s nejvyšší dávkou selenu obsah síry klesal v obou lokalitách na 0,26 % a 0,29 %. Obsah síry v hlízách byl na obou lokalitách v úzkém rozpětí 0,16-0,18 %. Při hodnocení obsahu fosforu v rostlině byl zaznamenán statisticky průkazný pokles obsahu fosforu v hlízách a v nati brambor při aplikaci dávky 72 kg Se . ha-1 v porovnání s variantou bez aplikace selenu, ale obsah fosforu se signifikantně neměnil při aplikaci dávek do 48 kg Se . ha-1. Ze zjištěných výsledků je zřejmé, že cílenou suplementací selenu do půdy je možné navýšit jeho obsah v rostlinách brambor, a tím zajistit vyšší příjem selenu u obyvatelstva. Bylo také zjištěno, že aplikace selenu ovlivňuje obsah fosforu a síry v rostlině.

selen, dávky, brambory, fosfor, síra, interakce

The effect of selenium application to the soil on the sulphur and phosphorus content in potatoes

In a small-plot trial with potatoes were applied increasing doses of selenium to the soil (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 kg Se.ha-1) and after harvest were explored the content of selenium, phosphorus and sulphur in raw tubers and in the tops. The trials were conducted in two localities - Žabčice and Valečov using the semi-early variety Ditta. Selenium was applied to the soil in the form of sodium selenite before planting the potatoes. Chemical analyses discovered that with the applied dose the level of selenium increased in both tubers and tops and that the correlation between the applied selenium dose and its content in tubers and tops was significant (α < 0.05) and positive (r = 0.885 and r = 0.908, respectively). With an increasing dose of selenium the reduction in the level of sulphur in the tops (r = -0.872, α < 0.05) was statistically significant. In both localities the range of the sulphur levels in tubers was very narrow, i.e. 0.16-0.18%, and the effect of the selenium dose was not significant. The phosphorus content in tubers and tops did not change significantly after application of a dose of up to 48 kg Se.ha-1. With the highest dose of selenium the content of phosphorus in both tops and tubers decreased significantly.

Keywords: selenium, doses, potatoes, phosphorus, sulphur, interaction
Grants and funding:

The present study is a part of the project of NAZV No. 1G46058 called "Strengthening the competitive ability of potato producers growing tubers of higher consumer quality". This study was supported by the Research Plan No. MSM6215648905 "Biological and technological aspects of sustainability of controlled ecosystems and their adaptability to climate change", which is financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic.

Received: April 28, 2008; Published: November 3, 2014  Show citation

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Zemková, Ľ., Hlušek, J., Lošák, T., Jůzl, M., & Elzner, P. (2008). The effect of selenium application to the soil on the sulphur and phosphorus content in potatoes. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 56(5), 243-250. doi: 10.11118/actaun200856050243
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