Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2008, 56(5), 203-210 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200856050203

Změny ve vybraných produkčních parametrech a ve složení mastných kyselin slunečnice (Helianthus annuus, L.) v závislosti na aplikaci dusíku a fosforu

Petr Škarpa, Tomáš Lošák
Ústav agrochemie, půdoznalství, mikrobiologie a výživy rostlin, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika

V jednoletém nádobovém vegetačním pokusu byl sledován vliv N a P hnojení na obsah sušiny, koncentrace živin (N, P, K, Ca a Mg) a jejich odběr rostlinou, výnos nažek, průměr terče, hmotnost tisíce semen, olejnatost, produkce oleje a kvalitu oleje z pohledu zastoupení mastných kyselin (palmitová, stearová, palmitoolejová, olejová, linolová a linolenová) u slunečnice roční (Helianthus annuus, L.). Aplikace dusíku pozitivně ovlivnila produkci sušiny a zvýšila odběr N rostlinou již na počátku vegetace (4. pravý list). Fosfor se na produkci sušiny výrazně projevil až v pozdější fázi růstu (10. pravý list). Na konci vegetace se hmotnost rostlin mezi variantami hnojenými pouze dusíkem a variantami s aplikací fosforu vyrovnala. Výnos nažek, průměr terčů, hmotnost tisíce semen, olejnatost a produkce oleje se statisticky průkazně zvýšily vlivem aplikace dusíku. Zvýšenou zásobou fosforu v půdě byla ze sledovaných charakteristik signifikantně ovlivněna pouze hmotnost tisíce semen. Obsah mastných kyselin se vlivem aplikace obou živin průkazně nezměnil. Přesto bylo zaznamenáno po N hnojení zvýšení koncentrace kyseliny olejové (18:1) a pokles obsahu kyseliny linolové (18:2). V návaznosti na to došlo ke zvýšení jejich poměru (kys. olejová : kys. linolová). Fosfor se na koncentraci sledovaných mastných kyselin výrazněji neprojevil.

dusíkaté a fosforečné hnojení, výnos nažek, průměr terče, hmotnost tisíce nažek, olejnatost, mastné kyseliny

Changes in selected production parameters and fatty acid composition of sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.) in response to nitrogen and phosphorus applications

The effect of N and P fertilization on the dry matter content, concentration of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and their intake by the plant, production characteristics (achene yields, head diameter, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil production) and the content of fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, palmitooleic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic) was evaluated in the one-year pot trial with sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.). Nitrogen application had a positive effect on dry matter production and increased N intake by plants as early as the beginning of vegetation (4th true leaf). The effect of P on dry matter production was not markedly evident until the later growth stage (10th true leaf). At the end of the vegetation period the weight of plants of variants fertilised with N only and variants where P was applied evened out. Achene yields, head diameters, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil production increased statistically significantly after N application. Of all the monitored characteristics the increased level of P in the soil affected only the 1000-seed weight. The application of both nutrients did not significantly change the content of fatty acids.

Keywords: N fertilization, P fertilization, achene's yields, head diameter, 1000-seed weight, oil content, fatty acids
Grants and funding:

This study was supported by the Research plan No. MSM6215648905 "Biological and technological aspects of sustainability of controlled ecosystems and their adaptability to climate change", which is financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic and by the NAZV QH 81271"Optimalisation of the nutrition and fertilisation of the sunflower with the aim to increase the yield and quality of production".

Received: May 25, 2008; Published: November 3, 2014  Show citation

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Škarpa, P., & Lošák, T. (2008). Changes in selected production parameters and fatty acid composition of sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.) in response to nitrogen and phosphorus applications. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 56(5), 203-210. doi: 10.11118/actaun200856050203
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