Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2008, 56(5), 13-17 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200856050013

Obsahy minerálních živin v půdě a půdní mikrobiální aktivita u vinné révy naočkované arbuskulární mykorhizní houbou (AM) v Chile

Eduardo von Bennewitz1, Estrella Garrido1, Claudio Fredes1, Lorena Gutierrez1, Tomáš Lošák2
1 Universidad Católica del Maule, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Casilla 684, Curicó-Chile
2 Ústav agrochemie, půdoznalství, mikrobiologie a výživy rostlin, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika

Dvouletý experiment byl uskutečněn s cílem zjistit efekt inokulace kořenů arbuskulární mykorhizní houbou (AM), její vliv na koncentraci živin v půdě a půdní mikrobiální aktivitu u vinné révy (Vitis vinifera) cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' pěstované v Chile. Rostliny byly naočkované granulovaným inokulantem (Mycosym Tri-ton®) a kultivovány ve 20L plastových nádobách s nesterilizovanou písčito-jílovitou půdou z třídy vertisolů v klimatických podmínkách města Curicó (34° 58' j.š.; 71° 14' v. d.; 228 m n. m.), Chile.
Analýza půdy byla provedena na počátku pokusu a po dvou letech (čtyři vzorky rhizosferní půdy z každé varianty) z důvodů zjištění vlivu mykorhizní infekce na obsah živin v půdě a některé fyzikální vlastnosti. Půdní mikrobiální aktivita byla určena pomocí měření produkce půdního CO2, a to desetkrát z 50 g půdy z každé varianty. Infekce kořenů mykorhizou byla zkoumána ze vzorků čerstvých kořenů odebraných během let 2005 a 2006. Bylo analyzováno padesát vzorků z každé varianty a byla procentuálně vyhodnocena délka kořenů mající arbuskuly a vesikuly.
Během obou let (2005 a 2006) byla prokázána mykorhizní infekce, i přes to, že u kontrolního vzorku nebyla mykorhiza aplikována. Mykorhizní kolonizace neovlivnila koncentraci živin v půdě - N, P, K, Ca, Mg, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, B, organické hmoty, pH/KCl and ECe. Půdní CO2-C in vitro produkce se viditelně snížila během průběhu pokusu. Ve většině případů nebyly pozorovány signifikantní diference mezi variantami.

VA-mycorhiza, Vitis × vinifera, inoculace, půdní mikrobiální aktivita

Soil mineral concentrations and soil microbial activity in grapevine inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus in Chile

A two year-experiment was carried out to study an effect of root inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus on soil mineral concentrations and soil microbial activity in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv. "Cabernet Sauvignon" cultivated in Chile. Plants were inoculated with a commercial granular inoculant (Mycosym Tri-ton®) and cultivated in 20 L plastic pots filled with an unsterilized sandy clay soil from the Vertisols class under climatic conditions of Curicó (34°58' S; 71°14' W; 228 m ASL), Chile.
Soil analyses were carried out at the beginning of the study and after two years (four samples of rhizospheric soil for each treatment) to assess the effects of mycorrhizal infection on soil mineral concentration and physical properties. Soil microbial activity was measured by quantifying the soil production of CO2 in ten replications of 50 g of soil from each treatment. Root mycorrhizal infection was assessed through samples of fresh roots collected during 2005 and 2006. Fifty samples for each treatment were analyzed and the percentage of root length containing arbuscules and vesicles was assessed.
During both years (2005 and 2006) all treatments showed mycorrhizal infection, even the Control treatment where no AM was applied. Mycorrhizal colonization did not affect the soil concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, B, organic matter, pH/KCl and ECe. Soil CO2-C in vitro production markedly decreased during the period of the study. No significant differences where detected among treatments in most cases.

Keywords: VA-mycorrhiza, Vitis × vinifera, inoculation, soil microbial activity
Grants and funding:

This study was supported by the Research project No "81928", Mycorrhizal symbiosis in Vitis vinifera cv. "Cabernet Sauvignon" which is financed by the Universidad Católica del Maule-Chile.

Received: April 30, 2008; Published: November 3, 2014  Show citation

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von Bennewitz, E., Garrido, E., Fredes, C., Gutierrez, L., & Lošák, T. (2008). Soil mineral concentrations and soil microbial activity in grapevine inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus in Chile. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 56(5), 13-17. doi: 10.11118/actaun200856050013
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