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The paper deals with the yields of Festulolium, Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius and Festulolium-Dactylis glomerata mixture during the growing season and at the end of the growing season. The yields were assessed in the Bohemian-Moravian upland at 560 m a.s.l. A small-plot experiment was established in three repetitions. The assessment was made in three subsequent years. The experiment was annually fertilized with 50 kg.ha^-1 N, 30 kg.ha^-1 P and 60 kg.ha^-1 K. Evaluated were dry matter yields and RYT values (Relative Yield Total) in the mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata. In summer, the sward was used either for one cut (harvest in early June) or two cuts (harvests in early June and late July). At the end of the growing season, the stand was harvested in October or in November or in December. Yields of the first cut in early June ranged from 5.90 to 9.12 t.ha^-1. Yields of the second cut in late July ranged from 1.05 to 4.60 t.ha^-1. Statistic difference between the species was significant (P < 0.05) in the respective cuts. Total yields of dry matter in the growing season ranged from 7.51 to 10.05 t.ha^-1. Number of cuts and year showed a statistically highly significant influence (P < 0.01) on DM yields. The mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata exhibited an additive relation (RYT = 1) in the first cut and an antagonistic relation (RYT < 1) in the second cut. At the end of the growing season, the yields ranged from 0.71 to 2.27 t.ha^-1. Average yields of one-cut swards (harvested in summer in early June) were at the end of the growing season 2.27 t.ha^-1 and average yields of two-cut swards (harvested in summer in early June and late July) were 0.79 t.ha^-1. From October to December, the yields were decreasing from 1.78 to 1.32 t.ha^-1. Species, number of cuts in summer, harvest date at the end of the growing season and year showed a statistically highly significant influence (P < 0.01) on dry matter yields. In the first two production years, the mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata exhibited an antagonistic relation (RYT < 1) at the end of the growing season. In the third production year, the relation between Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata as expressed by the RYT value could be identified as synergic (RYT > 1).

The effects of a reducing agent (L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate), oxidising agents (inactivated dry yeast, L-tyrosine) and other two amino acids (L-threonine and L-tryptophan) on the rheological characteristics of wheat flour dough and its quality were studied. The addition of oxidising agents increases the values such as tenacity and decreases extensibility which were measured on the alveograph. From the consistograph values, weakening of the dough also decreases. While reducing agents increase the extensibility and weakening of the dough, they decrease its deformation energy. The addition of L-tryptophan caused a higher increase in tenacity of the dough but on the other hand a larger decrease in extensibility and deformation energy. L-tryptophan caused better stability of the dough. L-treonine was found to be an oxidising agent. The dough with L-threonine weakened rapidly and therefore fast preparation of the dough is necessary. It means that the time of mixing and dough proofing must be reduced.

Experiments were conducted in field plots to evaluate the effects of three alternative dried organic, or organomineral, fertilizers on yield and quality of the early maturing cauliflower variety, 'Gameta'. Plots were established in Žabčice (South Moravia, Czech Republic) in 2005-2007. We used the following fertilization treatments: Agormin T, Agro, Dvorecký agroferm, cattle farmyard manure and solo mineral fertilizers, compared to an unfertilized control. All plots, except the control, were fertilized to achieve the same level of nutrients, as determined by the soil analyses and the chosen target yield. We assessed the following traits at harvest: weight of above-ground mass, marketable yield, head weight and head diameter. Levels of ascorbic acid, nitrates, dry matter and mineral ions (potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium) were measured in the heads. Agormin T significantly increased the weight of above-ground mass and total marketable yield. All organic fertilizers significantly increased head weight and head diameter in comparison to both the unfertilized control and mineral fertilizers. Ascorbic acid levels were not significantly affected by the fertilizers. The highest value of ascorbic acid was observed for farmyard manure, the lowest for Dvorecký agroferm. Dried fertilizers had no positive effect on ascorbic acid levels and total solids, as compared to farmyard manure. In contrast, Agormin T resulted in significantly lower levels of dry matter. Solo mineral fertilization resulted in the highest levels of nitrates in cauliflower heads. Fertilization with Agro and farmyard manure significantly increased the levels of nitrates in heads, as compared to the control, but all values were under the hygienic limit. The different fertilizer treatments did not have any significant effects on the levels of mineral cations. The dried granulated fertilizers Agormin T, Agro and Dvorecký agroferm were shown to be good alternatives to bulky farmyard manure for early ripening cauliflower. Only Agormin T decreased the dry matter content in heads.

Effect of addition 6% of linseed oil (designated L06), 6% and 10% of fish oil (R06 and R10) to feed on the fatty acid spectrum of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was investigated. The basic feedmixture which was used as a control variant (K - 34% protein; 9% fat) and the three with oil addition (L06, R06 and R10) were fed to carp fingerling (43.25 g average weight) for 60 days - from 23^rd April to 20^th June. Before that the fish were fed for 2 month by whey grain and commercial feed for carp fingerling in pond fish-culture (KP feed mixture - 33% protein; 5% fat) at daily feeding rate 1.5% of actually fish mass. This procedure was intended to create feeding conditions closest to those witnessed in market fish farmed in ponds during the vegetation season nevertheless the spectrum of fatty acids present in the fish muscle at the experiment's beginning did not fully correspond to what was observed in carps living in ponds and fed by cereals.
An addition of 6% of linseed oil to the feed lowers the content of the oleic acid and MUFA and, at the same time, it boosts the contents of the α-linoleic acid, n-3 PUFA and the general PUFA in the meat of carp fed on mixtures thus enriched. Additions of 6% and 10% of fish oil to the feed for common carp increases the content of the eicosapentaenoic acid. The 10% addition proved beneficial for also the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA. The high content of the docosapentaenoic acid and the general PUFA in the meat of fish as early as the beginning of the experiment resulted in a smaller number of significant changes in the spectrum of fatty acids (particularly the docosahexaenoic acid, PUFA and n-3/n-6 PUFA) found in the fish meat of the L06, R06 and R10 experimental variants.

Heat-treated salamis "Vysočina" were produced with standard way in a meat factory; their diameter was 55 mm. Samples were stored under laboratory conditions at different temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C and sensory analysed every week during one month storage. The dry matter (d.m.) was measured, too. Descriptors of general appearance, sausage casing, texture, cut surface, dry edge, smell, taste, and salty were monitored. Biggest changes were in descriptors general appearance and sausage casing (P < 0.001) and also in dry edge (P < 0.010) during the month period. Germs of moulds were found only at 5 and 10 °C. Rapid increase of d.m. in samples was noticeable in the first week of the storage time. It was 3 % d.m. at 5 °C and 11 % d.m. at 25 °C. Increase of d.m. of salamis continues slowly in the next three weeks period; the total difference was about 10 % d.m. in the temperature range measured. Decrease of d.m. at 5 °C was noticed in the last week of the measurement. The difference was 3.5 % d.m. This change means that the equilibrium moisture content of the samples of salamis has been reached at the temperature 5 °C. The best sensorial quality of salamis "Vysočina" was in the storage temperature ranged from 15 to 20 °C.

The IASB project "Business Combinations" started in 2001. The increase of financial statements quality and international harmonization of business combinations recording were main objectives of this project. The project was divided into two phases. IFRS 3 (2004) Business Combinations" which replaced former IAS 22 was the result of the first phase. Partial harmonization of recording and financial reporting of business combination in Europe and in the USA was the main objective of IFRS 3 (2004). IFRS 3 (2004) is based on SFAS 141 (2001). SFAS 141 (2001) was developed in 2001 and replaced APB (Accounting Principles Board) Opinion No. 16 Business Combinations and SFAS 38. There is the pooling interest method forbidden and only the purchase method is allowed for all kinds of business combinations. Based on the comparison of both methodical approaches to business combinations are demonstrated reasons for refusing of pooling interest method. The second phase is aimed at purchase method application and new methodical approaches to business combination recording and it is the objective of the conclusion of this paper.

Cyanobacterial water blooms became a global problem/issue because beside a dramatic deterioration of water quality parameters they also produce cyanobacterial toxins being harmful for animals and humans. Cyanotoxins especially the most prominent one, microcystin-LR (MC-LR), are of major concern and they have been reported to cause even death of mammals following ingestion or ingurgitation due to hepatotoxic modes of action. The aim of the recent study is to summarize briefly the impacts of microcystin on laboratory rodents, mice and rats, being used as models for other mammals including human beings. Most experimental approaches used intraperitoneal rather than oral and intratracheal application of microcystins, especially MC-LR, being the most efficient way to induce adverse impacts on different target organs. However, no matter how the exposure of rodents was performed, microcystins induced severe harmful impacts on the different target organs, preferentially the liver, for instances hemorrhages and apoptosis in liver, liver tumours, adverse effects on gut, kidney, testis and epididymis including spermatogenesis, on lung, on serum parameters and on progeny. In addition to these histological findings, microcystin was found to affect specifically biochemical parameters of target organs such as enzymes e.g. GST, CAT, GR, GPX, SOD, AST, ALT, γ-GT, protein phosphatases, SDH, SoDH and LDH or stress proteins such as HSP-70 and further parameters such as hepatic sulfhydryl content, GSH depletion, total bilirubin, urea nitrogen, and creatinine. Gene array analyses revealed that microcystin affects genes related to actin organization, cell cycle, apoptosis, cellular redox potential, cell signalling, albumin metabolism, glucose homeostasis pathway and organic anion transport polypeptide system. In combination with a further proteomics approach the proteomic analyses indicate that liver apoptosis induced by microcystin can be induced by two pathways: the BID-BAX-BCL2 and the reactive oxygen species pathway. The reviewed data clearly show that microcystin, especially MC-LR is able to cause severe adverse impacts on laboratory rodents and therefore there is an emerging need for further research to cover the major concern about cyanobacterial water blooms affecting mammals including human beings.

Milk yield varies during lactation, following what is termed a lactation curve. ŽIŽLAVSKÝ and MIKŠÍK (1988) recorded changes in milk yield within a day, too. TEPLÝ et al. (1979) a KOUŘIMSKÁ et al. (2007) published variation within a day ± 1.10 kg in milk yield, ± 0.75 % in milk fat content and ± 0.20 % in milk protein content. Milk yield of cows can be expressed in many different ways, for instance, in kilograms per lactation or in kilograms per day. A practical parameter describing milk production is milk yield (kg) per milking.
The object of experiment were 12 cows of Holstein cattle on the first lactation from the 100-day of lactation to 200-day of lactation. The samples of milk were collected from January to May 2007, once a month from the morning and evening milking (milking interval 12 h ± 15 min.). The following parameters were monitored: milk production - milk yield (kg), milk protein production (kg), milk fat production (kg); milk composition - milk protein content (%), milk fat content (%), lactose content (%), milk solids-not-fat content (%), milk total solids content (%); technological properties of milk - titratable acidity (SH), active acidity (pH), rennet coagulation time (s), quality of curd (class) and somatic cell count as a parameter of udder health.
Highly significant differences were found (P < 0.01) between morning milk yield (15.7 kg) and evening milk yield (13.8 kg), between morning milk protein production (0.51 kg) and evening milk protein production (0.45 kg) and between evening milk fat content (4.41 %) and morning milk fat content (3.95 %). A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between morning milk total solids content (12.62 %) and evening milk total solids content (12.07 %). No significant differences were found between morning (M) and evening (E) values of the remaining parameters: milk fat production (M 0.62 kg; E 0.60 kg), milk protein content (M 3.24 %; E 3.27 %), milk lactose content (M 4.78 %; E 4.86 %), milk solids-not-fat content (M 7.69 %; E 7.71 %), somatic cell count (M 80 000/1 mL; E 101 000/1 mL), titratable acidity (M 7.75 SH; E 7.64 SH), active acidity (M pH 6.58; E pH 6.61), rennet coagulation time (M 189 s.; E 191 s.), quality of curd (M 1.60 class; E 1.57 class).

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of seedling preparation technology (seedling flats with cell size of 20 ml, 40 ml and seedlings pulled from patches) and of seedling age at the time of planting (development stages of 3-4 true leaves and 5-6 true leaves) to the qualitative characteristics of seedling of selected cabbage species: white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. alba DC.) - Aros, Avak, Midor; cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. botrytis L.) - Beta, Delta, Rober and savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. sabauda L.) - Vega, Versus. The diameter and weight of rosaces, resp. heads, was evaluated in the harvested production. After splitting the harvested crop into several groups, the percentage of non-standard portion of the yield was determined. The use of older seedlings (5-6 true leaves) for the white and savoy cabbage planting had a positive influence to both average yield and the harvest earliness. On the other hand, for the cauliflower conclusively better average crop of rosaces and earlier harvests were achieved with younger seedling transplanting (3-4 true leaves). Seedling flats proved to be the most suitable way of seedling preplantation; no differences were found between the characteristics of products cultivated from the seedling flats with 20 ml and 40 ml cell volumes. In average, smaller amount of non-standard harvest plant parts was, gained with the transplanting from larger seedling flats (40 ml cell volume).

Besides chemical and microbial parameters of white yoghurts, other quality indexes are also one of sensorial features. Products introduced in market have to fulfil set criteria. One of them is minimum endurance time. Of course, even during this period certain sensorial changes appear which can influence customer choice at repetitional purchase. Samples of white yoghurts of different fat proportion from different producers were evaluated by qualified staff. Samples were given to the lab right from the producer and assessed on their production day. Changes of particular descriptors were monitored depending on length of storage and fat proportion during their minimum endurance time. Finally, results were evaluated and graphically expressed.
Almost at all monitored yoghurts their sensorical features got worsed. The most significant change was detected at those samples, where dried whey used for their production. At these ones whey was releasing, thus the yoghurts were of different taste. The best evaluation got white yoghurt (1) during all period of expiration containing just milk and vital yoghurt culture.

The main goal of this paper was to create theoretical basis and find starting points for the audit of customer satisfaction on the service market. It focuses mainly on contemporary existing approaches to customer satisfaction quantification especially through indexes. The gained results will become the starting point for creating the consistent audit of customer satisfaction methodology on tourism service market applicable in the Czech environment. One part of the paper shows brief results of the performed tentative research that aimed for finding present awareness about the audit of customer satisfaction and about the frequency of its use by firms in the Czech Republic.

The effect of N and P fertilization on the dry matter content, concentration of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and their intake by the plant, production characteristics (achene yields, head diameter, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil production) and the content of fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, palmitooleic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic) was evaluated in the one-year pot trial with sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.). Nitrogen application had a positive effect on dry matter production and increased N intake by plants as early as the beginning of vegetation (4^th true leaf). The effect of P on dry matter production was not markedly evident until the later growth stage (10^th true leaf). At the end of the vegetation period the weight of plants of variants fertilised with N only and variants where P was applied evened out. Achene yields, head diameters, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil production increased statistically significantly after N application. Of all the monitored characteristics the increased level of P in the soil affected only the 1000-seed weight. The application of both nutrients did not significantly change the content of fatty acids.

NIR spectroscopy making use of a near infrared spectrum offers wide using in a food quality control. This quick method allows the measuring of numerous samples with minimal usage of chemicals. Due this fact it is also used in quantitative analyses of milk composition. In this study we observed an impact of different temperatures of cow's milk samples on measuring exactness. The milk samples were taken from separate dairy cows and immediately refrigerated to 6-8 °C. Until the analysis the samples were deposited in the refrigerator. Just before the analysis on FT NIR spectrometer they were warmed to 40 °C and then cooled down in water bath to the temperatures 20 °C, 21 °C, 23 °C and 25 °C. Afterwards the samples were measured on Petri dish in reflectance mode with resolution 8 and number of scans 100. The spectres of samples were evaluated using calibration models for determination of solids and contents of proteins, fat and lactose. Observed measures were statistically compared within separate temperatures in relation to standard temperature 20 °C.

In a small-plot trial with potatoes were applied increasing doses of selenium to the soil (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 kg Se.ha^-1) and after harvest were explored the content of selenium, phosphorus and sulphur in raw tubers and in the tops. The trials were conducted in two localities - Žabčice and Valečov using the semi-early variety Ditta. Selenium was applied to the soil in the form of sodium selenite before planting the potatoes. Chemical analyses discovered that with the applied dose the level of selenium increased in both tubers and tops and that the correlation between the applied selenium dose and its content in tubers and tops was significant (α < 0.05) and positive (r = 0.885 and r = 0.908, respectively). With an increasing dose of selenium the reduction in the level of sulphur in the tops (r = -0.872, α < 0.05) was statistically significant. In both localities the range of the sulphur levels in tubers was very narrow, i.e. 0.16-0.18%, and the effect of the selenium dose was not significant. The phosphorus content in tubers and tops did not change significantly after application of a dose of up to 48 kg Se.ha^-1. With the highest dose of selenium the content of phosphorus in both tops and tubers decreased significantly.

In today's dynamically changing environment marketing has a significant role. Creating successful marketing strategies requires large amount of high quality information of various kinds and data types. A powerful database management system is a necessary condition for marketing strategies creation support. The paper briefly describes the field of marketing strategies and specifies the features that should be provided by database systems in connection with these strategies support. Major commercial (Oracle, DB2, MS SQL, Sybase) and open-source (PostgreSQL, MySQL, Firebird) databases are than examined from the point of view of accordance with these characteristics and their comparison in made. The results are useful for making the decision before acquisition of a database system during information system's hardware architecture specification.

The contribution is aimed at the assessment of recommended crop management practices of chosen cereals for organic farming. To increase competitiveness, these practices are modified depending on soil and climatic conditions, and on a way of production use. Furthermore, impacts of the recommended crop management practices on economics of growing chosen cereals are evaluated and compared with economic results obtained under conventional farming. It is assumed that achieved results will contribute to the increase in proportion of arable crops in the Czech Republic where organic production offer does not meet current demands.
When evaluating results of growing individual cereal species in a selective set of organic farms, triticale, spelt and spring barley (in this ranking) can be considered as profitable crops. Moreover, triticale and spelt have even higher gross margin under organic farming than under conventional farming (by 62 % in triticale). Oat brings losses, however, it is important for livestock production. Winter wheat seems to be also unprofitable since less grain is produced at lower imputs per hectare and only part of it is produced in quality "bio", i.e. marketed for higher prices. Rye also brings losses under organic farming, particularly due to lower yields, similarly to the other mentioned cereals.
Special cereal species that are still neglected in organic farming systems are of potential use. Durum wheat has vitreous kernels with a high content of quality gluten which is used for pasta production. It can be grown in the maize production area on fertile soils only.

Ergosterol is a natural compound with steroidic structure produced mainly by fungi. Due to this, it is considered as a marker of fungal spoilage. In this work, the content of ergosterol was monitored in samples of three forage crops (Festuca arundinacea x Lolium multiflorum, Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius) during period October-December 2005 and different term of summer harvesting (June or July). There were adapted and applied liquid chromatographic method with fotometric detection in ultraviolet region for determination of this compound. It was found, that the content of ergosterol strongly increased in all december's samples with small variations between all three forage crops. Samples, where the summer harvest was performed in July had significantly lower content of ergosterol. Obtained results showed that level of monitored compounds was under limits in all samples.

This paper is devoted to the possibilities of Economic Value Added index usage in the conditions of Czech food-processing industry and is trying to provide independent empirical evidence on the indicator's qualities. The EVA proponents attach to it a superiority compared to other common performance measures. The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between Economic Value Added, traditional performance measures (ROA and ROE) and ability of creation of shareholder wealth for food-processing firms in the Czech Republic. The way of intended comparison is not dissimilar to the main world studies, which are quoted in this paper. A critical point of the EVA's application in the conditions of Czech economy is a lack of good quality information from capital market, which at the same time, serve as an exogenous criterion for assessing the quality of the examined measures in the mentioned studies. In the absence of quality capital market information, a criterion for assessing the information content of performance measures suitable for conditions of Czech economy is developed in this paper. This also shows how to circumvent the handicap of the available data.
The intent of this article is fulfilled by providing a simple regression test of the hypothesis, that the EVA measure is more associated with improved shareholder wealth than traditional performance measures ROA and ROE. The results of regression analysis show higher quality information content of EVA indicator in the relationship to the ability of shareholder wealth creation than traditional performance measures. This fact supports the tested hypothesis as well as the conclusions of corporate finance theory, that from the theoretical point of view EVA is seen as a superior performance metric.

High quality text preparing using computer desktop publishing systems usually uses line-breaking algorithm which cannot make provision for line heights and typeset paragraph accurately when composition width, page break, line index or other object appears. This article deals with enhancing of line-breaking algorithm based on optimum-fit algorithm. This algorithm is enhanced with calculation of immediate typesetting width and thus solves problem of forced change. Line-breaking algorithm enhancement causes expansion potentialities of high-quality typesetting in cases that have not been yet covered with present typesetting systems.

The aim of my work was sensory analysis of organically produced fermented salamis and their comparison with conventionally produced salami. The products used in the analysis were: Bio Uherský salám with sea salt, Bio Uherský salám with kitchen salt and conventionally produced Uherský salám. The following parameters were analyzed: slice appearance, texture, aroma and taste. The sensory analysis was carried out by 93 students, as part of practical exercises of a sensory analysis course. Samples were compared and significant differences (P < 0,01) were found in texture, slice appearance and colour. Both salamis of organic origin were firmer, slice appearance was worse and they had untypical colour. Bio Uherský salám with sea salt and Bio Uherský salám with kitchen salt were more distinctive in taste and aroma (P < 0,01). During the analysis no factors were found which can negatively influence the general sensory quality of products. The best product was found to be conventionally produced uherský salám, but significant differences (P < 0,01) were found only between conventionally produced Uherský salám and Bio Uherský salám with kitchen salt.

The paper deals with problems concerning customers' satisfaction. It summarizes results of primary research focused on an analysis of fundamental factors, which shape clients' preferences, influence the level of satisfaction of transportation companies' customers in general and in transportation companies under study in particular. Altogether 49 % of respondents mentioned that the type of transportation means was the most important factor that influenced their satisfaction. As other significant factors influencing the satisfaction of respondents the following were mentioned: prices of transportation, quality of services during the transportation, respecting regular pauses during transportation, and the possibility of refreshments during the transportation. All companies that were addressed monitored the level of satisfaction of their customers (nearly 20 % did this every month). Each company that monitored satisfaction of its customers every year also developed a marketing plan of their activities. The paper also contains detailed results of conducted inquiries as well as the relevant discussion.

The paper is focused on the assessment of leaf extension rate (LER), leaf appearance rate (LAR) and leaf senescence rate (LSR) in the Festulolium (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. × Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and in the Dactylis glomerata L. at the end of the growing season from the end of September to the beginning of December. In summer, the swards were used for a single cut (beginning of June) or for a double cut (beginning of June and end of July). Measurements were made in three periods from 14 Sept. to 11 Oct., from 11 Oct. to 29 Oct., and from 29 Oct. to 6 Dec. In the first period, LER was higher in Dactylis glomerata L. (3.770 mm tiller^-1 d^-1) than in Festulolium (2.376 mm tiller^-1 d^-1). In the second and third period, LER was higher in Festulolium (0.859 resp. 0.271 mm tiller^-1 d^-1) than in Dactylis glomerata L. (0.694, resp. 0.199 mm tiller^-1 d^-1). LAR values measured in Festulolium in the studied periods were 0.277 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1, 0.079 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1 and 0.038 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1 and LAR values of Dactylis glomerata L. were 0.225 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1, 0.054 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1 and 0.027 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1. In the course of the whole period of study, LSR showed the highest values in Dactylis glomerata L. (7.869 mm tiller^-1 d^-1, 5.947 mm tiller^-1 d^-1 and 4.757 mm tiller^-1 d^-1) while the LSR values of Festulolium were lower (2.904 mm tiller^-1 d^-1, 2.375 mm tiller^-1 d^-1 and 1.205 mm tiller^-1 d^-1). The influence of both the species and the period of measurement on the LER, LAR and LSR values was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) to very highly significant (P < 0.001). The interaction between the species and the period of measurement was very highly significant (P < 0.001) in the LER characteristic. The influence of the intensity of sward use in summer on the LSR values was very highly significant (P < 0.001), too.

Ejaculate specific conductivity σ (S.m^-1) was measured for 10 breeding stallions. The set of measurings was performed three times for native ejaculate and three times for ejaculate stored for 24 hours at 4 °C. The average value of specific conductivity of native ejaculate was found to be 1.22 ± 0.11 S.m^-1, the same quantity for stored ejaculate was calculated to be 1.11 ± 0.11 S.m^-1. The values of coefficients of variation have been calculated for several quantities, and qualitative (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, and sperm motility) and quantitative parameters have been compared by way of phenotype coefficients of correlation. Two dependencies, namely specific conductivity vs. sperm concentration (r_p = -0.79; P < 0.99) and specific conductivity vs. motility (r_p = -0.78; P < 0.99), have been evaluated as relevant and enabling supplementary description of stallion ejaculate quality by means of other (physical) quantity.

Within the framework of hybridization of domestic prunes and black apricots (Prunus domestica L. x Armeniaca dasycarpa Ehrh.) altogether sixteen plants were obtained, of which twelve were identified as hybrids and were kept alive, the same as the variety Jibeck. In hybrids, various degrees of domination of morphological traits of domestic prune were observed. Traits of black apricot were manifested weakly in seven hybrids and in the other five and in the variety Jibeck more perfect, semi dominant. In latter the effect of double set of genes was manifested, which was brought into the zygote by unreduced microspores of the black apricot. Some important properties of unmodified status, such as resistance to abiotic and biotic environmental factors, growth inhibition, yielding capacity, earliness, and high quality of fruit, were combined in these hybrids. The obtained hybrids are very interesting from the viewpoint of selection and breeding of new varieties of domestic prune, obtaining tetraploid and hybrid varieties of black apricot, and breeding and selection of individuals of ordinary apricot with some valuable traits of domestic prune.

The paper analyses buying behaviour of Czech households on the market with footwear and cloths. It aims at factors influ, encing this behaviour, e.g. price, brand, quality, product attributes, habits, price reductions, advertisement, innovation and word-of-mauth. Primary data were obtained via survey of 727 Czech households by staff of the Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno. The paper provides results of correlation analysis and factor analysis. When making purchase decisions, households identify attributes and parameters of clothes and footwear as the most important factor. Due to factor analysis, factors were reduced into four comprehensive groups.

During the vegetative period of the year 2005 (June-October) we carried out hydrobiological and hydrochemical monitoring of selected ponds inhered in Southern Moravia in relation to different fishery management intensities. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen content, pH, conductivity and water transparency were monitored directly at taking place, N-NH₄⁺, N-NO₂^-, N-NO₃^-, P-PO₄^3- content and chlorophyll-a concentration were measured in hydrochemical laboratory. At the same time, water samples for taxonomical analyses of phytoplankton and assessment of toxin content of cyanobacteria were taken. All ponds were characterized by low water transparency, high values of pH, N-NH₄⁺, P-PO₄^3- and high chlorophyll a concentration. We detected maximum concentration of 18.7 µg.l^-1 microcystins in ponds dominated by the species Microcystis aeruginosa. Total microcystin concentration in water of all ponds with dominance of pikoplanktonic cyanobacteria were below detection limit (LOD < 0.125 µg.l^-1). The dominance of cyanobacteria species shifts from coccal (especially genus Microcystis) to small-colonial pikoplanctonic (genus Aphanocapsa, Aphanothece) and to single-filamentous (genus Planktothrix, Limnothrix, Pseudanabaena) cyanobacteria related to increasing fish stock density.

Assesment of soil organic matter quality is one of the urgent problems of contemporary agriculture. Determination of humic acids (HAs) optical properties using spectroscopic techniques could be a reliable step for this evaluation. We followed differences in the functional groups of HAs preparations and showed correlation between optical indexes and fractional composition of humus. UV-VIS and SFS spectral lines and indexes were measured in mixture 0.1M pyrophosphate sodium solution and 0,1M NaOH, after filtration and appropriate dilution. Differences in the structural composition of HAs originating from different soil types were studied after isolation of HAs preparations using FTIR spectroscopy (KBr + HAs pellets, SRATR FTIR method). Results showed that studied HAs preparations could be divided into two groups. First group included HAs isolated from Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol with higher content of aromatic constituents and condensation degree. The second group were HAs isolated from Eutric Cambisol and Fluvi-Eutric Gleysol. They reflected lower content of aromatic compounds, lower condensation degree and more aliphatic structural groups in the HAs molecule. Linear correlation between fractional composition of humus and optical indexes (I₅₀₁/I₄₈₇, Q_4/6) was found.

The aim of the study was evaluate the influence of season and sires on profit and quality of embryos after superovulated treatment. Next we evaluated the conception rate after transfer of fresh and frozen embryos.
In 1991-2004 there were used the beef cattle.
Into the basic statistic evaluation it was involved 487 realised embryo recoveries and 2008 realised transfers in 1991-2004. Data for database were obtaining from ETprotocols - ET team Research Institute for Cattle Breeding, Ltd., Rapotin, prof. Říha. The data processing was carried out by means of the common variation-statistical methods.
The best results were achieved in summer (suitable 3.68 ± 3.65; the ratio of the suitable and total: 59.3%) and in autumn (suitable 3.54 ± 3.80; the ratio: 54.48%) and the good results, little different from the summer and autumn results, were achieved in spring.
The average number of the recovered ova of the chosen breeds sires were variable (from 6.60 ± 6.17 in Blonde d'Aquitaine to 17.16 ± 6.66 in Charolais). The most of the suitable embryos was recovered in the donors inseminated by the Hereford breed sires (7.15 ± 6.42). It was evaluated the above-average conception in the Simmental breed (63.43 %).

Effect of two mycotoxin adsorbents with different mechanisms of action were followed in 180 purebred and terminal combination boars reared in artificial insemination stations. The following parameters of boar sperm quality were investigated: volume in millilitres, concentration and motility, and numbers of pathological spermatozoa. When processing the boar semen, the dilution ration and numbers of AI doses were recorded. Compared were two preparations: in case of Preparation 1 the number of evaluated ejaculates was 1,037 while in case of Preparation 2 altogether 1,109 ejaculates were evaluated. Boars receiving diets with Preparation 1 produced more voluminous ejaculates (by 4.1 ml) and their concentration of spermatozoa was also higher (by 39 thous./ml; P ≤ 0.001). Dilution parameters were better as well and numbers produced of AI doses were also higher. In case of Preparation 2 the motility of spermatozoa was a higher while the numbers of sperms were lower. The obtained results demonstrated that a suitable adsorbent can show a positive effect on both quantitative and qualitative parameters of boar sperm.

High-powered means of slaughter chickens production cause on certain individuals abnormal biochemical development of postmortal changes in their muscles. It consequently lead to interferences of sensory quality of the chicken meat. So called myopathies of the chicken breast meat occur in the low extent. It is typical variation in dark colouring of breast muscle.
Veterinary supervision confiscates chickens embodying myopathy by reason of sensorical unacceptable dark muscle colour. Deepness of colour is evaluated by adspection of veterinary supervisors. It is tendency leading to find out objective parameters for evaluating this sensual chicken meat colour variation. Incidence of the chickens with myopathy has been evaluating for 3 years in big poultry slaughter, therewithal high-quality chickens and chickens with perspicuous myopathy have been taking out of slaughter-line.
Electric conductivity values and pH values were measuring during 60 till 330 minutes post mortem in breast muscles. Aproximately 9 millions chicken was annually slaughtered and 13 thousands of them was confiscated out of the slaughter line by reason of myopathy. It amounts to 0.14 per cent of annually count of processed chickens. Myopatical chickens had significantly higher muscle pH values as compared with healthy ones. Healthy chicken muscles decreased on ultimative pH values aproximately past 3 hours post mortem. It means pH 6.03, and after 300 minutes decreased to pH 5.82. However, myopatical chickens values varied from pH 6.46 to pH 6.30.
Concurrently measured values of electric conductivity significantly corellated with pH values.
Whereto, it's predication of similarity chicken myopathies and dark, firm, dry (DFD) pork or turkey meat. Beyond unacceptable dark meat colour have disadvantage in poor post mortem acidifying of the meat and in consequence of microbial proteolyse. Significantly correlation between pH and electric conductivity values foreshadows on identification of myopatical chicken meat by means of conductivity measuring.