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Submitted article is focused on the problem of employees' remuneration. It investigates the importance of remuneration systems at management of companies. The article deals with factors influencing employees, their motivation for reaching company's goals, and with company remuneration systems as well. The observed topic was, is and will be still actual because increasing of employees' performance in connection with concurrent effort for quality employees maintenance is very demanding managerial task in every stage of company's development. Last, but not the least, it is necessary to realize that remuneration systems should lead not only to increase in company's performance, but they should support especially the reaching of company's goals. In present, increasing the value of company is possible to be considered as the highest company's goal. Increase of company's value can be ensured also by the means of value based remuneration as an important and effective tool of value based management. Because it is a tool which is relatively new and not experienced in the Czech environment, the focus is directed on it as well in the article. Then, the aim of the article is to provide complex view on the problem of importance of remuneration systems in small and middle sized companies in the South Moravian Region.

The objective of the three-year small-plot trial was to assess the effect of the weather of the year, forecrop, variety, form of sulphur (elementary and sulphate) and additional nitrogen fertilising on the yields and the content of N-substances of the malt barley varieties Jersey and Sebastian. The trial was carried out in 2006-2008 at the experimental site of the Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, the Žabčice locality. The Jersey and Sebastian varieties were grown after three different forecrops - winter wheat with ploughed down straw, sugar beet with ploughed down tops and maize for grain with ploughed down straw. The fertilising treatments differed in the form of sulphur (elementary and sulphate) and date of the additional nitrogen fertilising. As the sulphate form we chose ammonium sulphate (40 kg.ha^-1 N and 45.6 kg.ha^-1 S) and the same amount was supplied in the form of elementary sulphur; nitrogen was in the form of urea. A dose of 30 kg.ha^-1 of ammonium nitrate with limestone (ANL) was applied as additional nitrogen fertilising. The results show that the weather conditions of the respective years had an almost 94 % effect on yields. The very strong effect of the weather overshadowed the effect of the forecrop (3.8 %); the effect of the variety was only half that of the forecrop (1.8 %). The form of additionally applied sulphur and nitrogen during cultivation had a relatively little effect on the yields (0.2 %). The forecrop affected the content of N-substances most of all (47.3 %). The quality of barley grain is markedly dependent on the course of the weather of the year (40.1 %); the effect of the variety on the content of N-substances was relatively low (1.6 %). Applications of various forms of sulphur had a small effect on the grain quality (0.01 %), while the effect on additional nitrogen fertilising on the content of N-substances was 8.5 %.

On existing conditions on global market (almost identical quality, almost identical purchasing values) companies have to definite the total rating of importance of evaluative criteria. In post-crisis period the problem of suppliers' evaluation is one of the biggest, because companies had to use all resources and all possibilities to develop their own business. Many authors wrote about collaborative planning and warehousing as one of possibilities to optimization work inside supply chain. For this paper define small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) as enterprises with the size of maximum 250 employers.
In literature was read we couldn't find information about own system of suppliers evaluation for small and medium-sized enterprises.
SME can have some different types of business and in this case need the universal system of evaluation. The research of this paper is oriented on small and medium-sized enterprises with different types of business. The new theoretical universal method of calculation for evaluation existing suppliers for small and medium-sized enterprises will present in this paper. This theoretical method is based on average values. This method includes traditional evaluative criteria (quality, delivery time) and other (mobility of supplier, possibilities of new level of partnership). This method of evaluation can not be used for continual manufacture. New method can improve the total evaluation of supplier in small and medium-sized enterprises.

The ruminal degradability of starch ("RDS") is an important indicator of utilization of starch by ruminal microorganism. Degradability rate influences the starch amount that will be utilized in rumen and the amount that will be digested in abomasum. The importance of those by-pass nutrients grows up with the increasing of dairy milk production.
The aim of this experiment was to determinate the influence of the locality, hybrid, treatment against european corn borer ("ECB") and used silages additive on the ruminal degradability of starch in the maize silage.
The experiment proceeded in three different localities. In each locality were grown on the parcels two groups of maize plants with regards to treatment against ECB (treated - experimental, untreated - control). Into each group were used three hybrids with the different number of FAO. At the harvest of silage maize was the chopped forage taken from each locality, group and hybrid apart and ensiled into experimental tubs. During conservation were prepared the silages without the addition of preparation, silages inoculated by the microbial preparation (amount 15g/l) and silages with the addition of the chemical agents (organic acids and salts blend 2l/t matter). The values of RDS were detected through the method "in sacco"(nylon bags).
The significant difference (P < 0.01) between the values of RDS was detected between the silages from various localities. (Senice na Hané 56.06 ± 4.00%; Starojická Lhota 48.02 ± 4.83%; Záblatí 43.49 ± 2.73%). The treatment against ECB did not affect significantly (P

The paper aims to introduce a synergic approach to the strategic marketing management, which appears to be a challenge with respect to enhancing competitiveness of industrial companies in a small open economy. The potential of these companies consists in managing relations with the key stakeholders, which by means of effective establishing, maintaining and terminating of the mutual relations leads to developing of marketing networks, enables more effective tradeability of their offers, besides domestic embracing also global markets. The success of these relationships depends on the quantity and quality of mutual exchanges and in particular on the strengthening socially and knowledge-based links. The theoretical principles underlying the synergic approach within the marketing management are closely connected with the present marketing concepts, a new approach to the value creating, effectiveness of marketing activities and will form a basis for research of the industrial companies within the Czech Republic with the orientation to marketing activities effectiveness and performance of the company. The methods used in the paper are secondary analysis of statistics, analysis of scientific and professional literature, reports and researches of authors. The scientific aim of the paper is to review of current situation in this area and to create theoretical basis for the research on the industrial market.

In many product categories is one of the factors influencing consumer behaviour also the country of origin what is the main goal of this article. Consumers are influenced by their own origin, by experiences with domestic and foreign products and stereotyped ideas about quality and reliability of products from other countries. The results of many marketing studies have concluded that the evaluation of products is significantly influenced by knowledge of where the products were produced. However, when directly analysing the importance of country of origin in the purchase decision, buyers mostly minimize its impact. They want to look like logical or rational consumers who decide rather for more objective internal product attributes (taste, design and appearance) than the external factors, including the origin.

Distribution can be defined as a way of goods from producer to consumer. In wine production industry there exist several distribution channels, through which wine is distributed to the final consumer. Aim of this paper is to identify and compare advantages and disadvantages of particular distribution channels for wine sales related to a small wine-producer.
Distribution of wine to the final consumer is done through dealers represented by retail chains, specialized wine-shops, hotels, and restaurants. In a smaller scale it is done through internet sales, own outlets and wine auctions. According to the research of Focus agency, Marketing & Social Research, done in 2009, customers buy wine mostly in retail chains and decide on sort and quality of wine directly at the moment of purchase. Selection is based except wine quality also on the shape of the bottle, etiquette, and also cork (consumers explicitly prefer cork, and the screw top rather discourages). Certain part of customers - specifically those, who are more acquainted with wine - buy wine in special wine-shops. The research shows a decrease of direct wine-sales.
When using services of independent trade organizations, producers have to control the intensity of commercial activities and knowledge of technical characteristics of products. Small wine producers, though, do not have to use this distribution channel, and can focus only on direct sales. For some small wine producers, specifically those operating in the areas with an extended possibility for wine-tourism, this channel can be more suitable and effective than using retail chains. This way of distribution does not require extensive start-up investments, it is directly dependent on producers own effort, and can be done as a supplementary activity to the main source of income.
Regardless the particular choice of a distribution channel by a small wine producer it is necessary to be judged not only from the viewpoint of its advantages and disadvantages, but also by a detailed analysis of costs of sales.

Somatic cell count (SCC) is an indicator of mammary gland health state. Lactose (L) can be reduced with mastitis and SCC increase. Mammary gland health is an essential factor of milk quality. Monitoring of mammary gland health is important for prevention and treatment of milk secretion disorders. The goal of this work was to analyse the relationship between SCC and L in various biological species. 7 sets of individual and bulk milk samples (MSs) were analysed (n = 479, 479, 345, 80, 90 and 102) for SCC and L content. 3 sets were with cow (C) milk and 1 set with goat (G), 1 with sheep (S) and 1 with human (H) MSs. The relations in C milk were used as reference. SCC geometric means were markedly lower in C milk (62, 99 and 81 10³.ml^-1) and H milk (103 10³.ml^-1) as compared to small ruminants (G 3 509 and S 609 10³.ml^-1). The mean L values were lower in small ruminants (G 4.36% and S 4.42%) as compared to C milk (4.95%, 4.97% and in 1st lactation 5.10%) and higher in H milk (5.77%). L contents in Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein correlated negatively to SCC (log SCC)) in all lactations (-0.36 P < 0.001 and -0.33 P < 0.001). L content in 1st lactation correlated with SCC markedly narrower than in cows for all lactations (-0.49 P < 0.001). The SCC×L relationship in G (White short-haired) milk (-0.35 P < 0.01) was in good relation to C milk and in S (Tsigai) milk (-0.51 P < 0.001) was markedly narrower as in C and G milk. Lower mean SCC in H milk as compared to G and S milk and comparable to C milk did not show significant negative relationship to L which was 0.08 (P > 0.05) for original SCC values. Surprisingly there was not found the SCC×L relationship in H milk which could be comparable to other mammal species milk. It could be caused by bacteriologically negative results in MSs with higher SCC (> 300 10³.ml^-1). As well as at C milk also at G and S milk and in contrast to H milk it is possible to use the SCC×L relationship for improvement of result interpretation and prevention control in occurrence of milk secretion production disorders in routine monitoring systems such as milk recording with individual MSs and milk quality control with bulk MSs. The quality of decision-making schemes in algorithms for practical monitoring of mammary gland health could be improved.

The work is focused on characterization of selected physical properties of sewage sand from the waste water treatment plants. Sand is transported into wastewater mainly in areas with a combined sewerage system - principally in connection with rainfalls, in case of which it is transported through the sewerage system together with rainwater, but also (within smaller extents) due to leakages of sewerage systems or bad conduct of natural persons and legal entities. The main attention was focused on basic physical parameters such as content of total solid, ash free dry mass, density and granulometry. These material parameters are very often underestimated so the set of quality data is completly missing, as well as a background for designers of wastewater treatment plants. This paper should be quite useful e.g. for the purpose of technological equipment design in the region of South Moravia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of maize replacement in feeding rations on the amino acid content in cows' milk. Cows were fed total mix ration based on the maize, clover silage and hay. There was a difference in the concentrate of the feeding ration. The first group (fed maize) was the control group, another two groups were experimental, one fed wheat and second fed triticale. During six weeks, totally 26 milk samples were taken from dairy cows of Czech Pied breed. Feed groups were preferably balanced in terms of milk yield, stage and number of lactations. The samples of feedstuffs as well as milk were modified for the analysis using acidic and oxidative hydrolyses. The analysis of amino acids content and composition of the sample hydrolysates was performed chromatographically by an AAA 400 analyzer, using Na-citrate buffers and ninhydrin detection. Total nitrogen content was determined according to Kjehldahl and the crude protein of the samples was determined by conversion from the nitrogen content multiplied by appropriate factor. The high content of crude protein in wheat did not influenced composition of milk from dairy cows fed this type of feedstuff. With respect to resulting amino acid content and composition of milk samples, none of the tested grains can be recommended as a full-value maize replacement. Each feedstuff is an abundant source of several and typical amino acids in milk. However, triticale (cultivar Kitaro) seems to be acceptable replacement of maize owing to better crude protein efficiency, composition and health indicators of milk quality.

The present work gives the results of the research of macrozoobenthos some running waters drainage areas of the Dyje River (southern Moravia - Czech Republic). Altogether, 762 taxa of macrozoobenthos were determined from the running waters of southern Moravia. Porifera (3), Hydrozoa (3), Turbellaria (8), Nematoda (14), Nematomorpha (1), Oligochaeta (60), Hirudinea (18), Bryozoa (5), Mollusca (44), Isopoda (2), Amphipoda (4), Decapoda (2), Hydracarina (17), Ephemeroptera (65), Plecoptera (55), Odonata (26), Heteroptera (3), Plannipennia (2), Trichoptera (128), Coleoptera (59), Diptera (243). Some taxa of macrozoobenthos are extinct unfortunately in running waters of Southern Moravia at present time. Another ones appear newly, for example snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum from New Zealand or Dreissena polymorpha from Pontic region. The data presented in this paper may serve as a basis for future monitoring of water quality and zoobenthos composition in connection with presumption of climate changes.

The main objective of this work was to evaluate influnce of transportation on the air quality using IAQ (index of air quality). The data from one of the AIM station were evaluated. The trend in air quality development in years 1996-2003 was described. In days with adverse IAQ values the probable cause of the phenomenon was determined. It is obvious that adverse IAQ values were recorded during these synoptic situations: centre anticyklone, wedge of high pressure, weak pressure field and warm sector of front systém. The most frequent was the centre anticyklone synoptic situation which is typical (mainly during winter) by air temperature inversion.

Routine milk analyses using the efficient indirect infra-red method are important for the milk food chain quality. The reliability of the results depends on the calibration quality. It is important to use a relevant set of reference calibration samples (RCSs). RCSs with right range of values can be prepared using various methods. This paper was aimed to balance the impacts of dilution for decrease of main components in RCSs because of minimal change of matrix interference effects. Cow milk samples (MSs) were diluted (4/1) using distilled water, NaCl solution and a solution with specific composition (SC; because of disturbance in the balance of the milk matrix (NaCl 1.145; KCl 0.849; K₂HPO₄ 1.8463; citric acid 1.7; urea 0.3 g/l)) for reduction in main milk components. Fat (F), crude protein (CP), lactose (L), milk freezing point (MFP), osmolality (OS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in all (original as well as modified) MSs. The lowest MFP and OS were in the original milk -0.5559 °C and 274.5 mOsmol/kg. The MFP was increased to -0.4369 °C and osmolality decreased to 217.83 mOsmol/kg by the addition of water. The MFP was decreased (-0.4903 °C) and returned to original milk value by the addition of NaCl solutin. MFP was -0.4788 °C due to SC addition. The decrease was less than for NaCl. The ability of other SC components (K₂HPO₄, KCl, citric acid and urea) to MFP decrease is less than for NaCl solution. EC was highest for NaCl set 4.69 mS/cm, EC for SC was 4.48 mS/cm (P < 0.001). The original MSs set showed EC 4.27 mS/cm. The SC was the nearest to original MSs in terms of total mineral composition. ECs for both modifications differed (P < 0.001) from original MSs. The procedure is applicable for balance of interference effects of milk matrix because of relevant calibration.

Visual appearance of documents and their formal quality is considered to be as important as the content quality. Formal and typographical quality of documents can be evaluated by an automated system that processes raster images of documents. A document is described by a formal model that treats a page as an object and also as a set of elements, whereas page elements include text and graphic object. All elements are described by their parameters depending on elements' type. For future evaluation, mainly text objects are important. This paper describes the experimental determination of chosen document elements parameters from raster images. Techniques for image processing are used, where an image is represented as a matrix of dots and parameter values are extracted. Algorithms for parameter extraction from raster images were designed and were aimed mainly at typographical parameters like indentation, alignment, font size or spacing. Algorithms were tested on a set of 100 images of paragraphs or pages and provide very good results. Extracted parameters can be directly used for typographical quality evaluation.

This work contains the results of influence of water management in lowland region of the Dyje River on water biocenoses. Research was carried out in 1977-1984, when building of the three reservoirs were started. The effect of the newly built reservoirs on the biocoenoses of the reach immediately below it was mainly beneficial. Before the reservoir near Nové Mlýny was bulit, the fish population of the Dyje River was regularly threatened by poor water quality. After completion of the three reservoirs in 1989 the pollution brought by the Dyje River was largely removed by the purification processes in the reservoirs, so that the Dyje River became cleaner than it was. The better trophic conditions and water quality downstream of the reservoirs were reflected in increased fish catches and higher fish weights. The newly built fish passes make possible migration of rare fish species from the Danube River as far as to reservoirs the Nové Mlýny.

The article deals with the verification of the starting hypothesis of complementariness of the law of consumer protection and the law of intellectual property. In order to achieve that goal the author analyzes individual the Czech Trade Marks Act from the standpoint of protection of rights and interests of consumers.
The article follows the categorical requirement of a public law rule, the Consumer Protection Act, which prohibits deceiving consumers and establishes that deceiving may also consist in offering products and services unjustified designated by misleading trade mark.
The consumer is deceived most frequently when trade marks are used for designation of products and their promotion. The Trade Marks Act may be analyzed in relation to consumer protection first from the standpoint of consumer protection against trade marks misleading someone about the origin and quality of products and services designated by them. Then it is possible to examine the question whether requirements of a designation for being registered as a trade mark are at the same time those attributes of the trade mark which meet the declared intention of the lawmaker, i.e. that the trade mark should be a source of information for the consumer about the origin and quality of the product designated by it.
Especially, the article deals with an interpretation of the conception "Likelihood of Confusion" as the fundamental conception while judging the conflict with elderly trademarks applying for the registration into the list of The Patent Office.
A perception of an average consumer is a fundamental factor for a judgement of "Likelihood of Confusion" as results from the decision practice of The Czech Patent Office, Czech courts and The European Court of Justice. This is proof of the conclusion that rules of the Trademark Law are rules of the Consumer protection Law.

Production of industrial feeds for livestock and pets is an integral part of food products' production. Production of feeds thus shares in sales worth twenty billion CZK. The paper describes and analyses the basic external environment factors operating in this sector. Most important external environment factors were identified using Porter's model of five movement forces of competition within an industry. Threat of entry of new companies in the sector can be expected especially from abroad. Capital investments required in this sector are very high and therefore only imports of finished product can be expected or direct purchase of an already built operation. Existing manufacturers also have a competitive advantage in certain brand-loyalty and market position. An important force within the industry is represented by suppliers, quality and price of raw materials. Most important inputs for production of feeding mixtures represent cereals and an ingredient with oil seed, and the price of both commodities is rather unstable and is expected to grow. In the analysed sector there operate many companies, none of them having dominant position. Major companies are briefly described in this paper as MIKROP Čebín, VVS Verměřovice, ZZN Pelhřimov, Tekro.
Production of feed mixtures is significantly influenced by livestock development. Unfortunately, there is a gradual reduction in livestock numbers in all categories, above all pigs and cattle. Feed manufacturers should focus on the expansion of other parts of the market - feeds for pets, fish, etc. It is arguable that the role of substitutes in the industrial feed production is not high. Full-value substitute for the industry does not exist.

Determination of humic acids spectral characteristics performed fast and convenient method for their quality evaluation. Humic acids (HA) were isolated from five different soil types (Luvi-haplic Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, Haplic Cambisol, Leptic Cambisol and Eutric Cambisol) and from compost. Basic soil characteristics were determined by commonly used methods. Fractional compositon of humus showed that humic acids content was decreasing in order: compost > Luvi-haplic Chernozem > Haplic Luvisol > Eutric Cambisol > Haplic Cambisol > Leptic Cambisol. Isolated humic acids preparations were characterized comparatively by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Elemental analysis showed the highest carbon content in Luvi-haplic Chernozem HA. The lowest carbon amount was in Eutric Cambisol. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detected elements in situ in HA molecule. All samples contained Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ca, K, S, P, Si and Br. Practically no differences in elements content between soil humic substances and compost were detected. The amount of aromatic carbon was higher in Luvi-haplic Chernozem to compare with other samples. Humic acids isolated from Cambisols, on the basis ¹³C NMR spectroscopic data, showed that all samples contained less aromatic carbon and significantly more aliphatic carbon.

Casein measurement is important for cheesemaking and control of dairy cow nutrition. Reference Kjeldahl method is not suitable for routine purposes. Infra-red spectroscopy MIR and MIR-FT use can be a solutin. However, their casein specifity is relatively limited. Aim of the work was to assess the quality of performed calibrations for validation of calibration parameters. A retrospective analysis of MIR and MIR-FT calibrations was performed for estimation of limits their suitable parameters. Mean casein values of reference sample sets varied from 2.49 to 2.7% (2.61 ± 0.155). Mean variation range was 0.561 ± 0.164%. The mean correlation coefficient of calibration (KKK) was 0.974 ± 0.018 (P < 0.001). The mean standard deviation of mean for individual differences (SDID) was 0.03 ± 0.011% (from 0.01 to 0.08). MIR-FT results were slightly better both for calibration and for proficiency testing. The high and low KKKs were higher in the case of accepted calibration as in proficiency testing for MIR-FT and MIR (0.986 > 0.964 and 0.970 > 0.948; 0.982 > 0.947 and 0.947 > 0.911; P < 0.001). The casein number varied from 79.4 to 80.56% in bulk milk samples in three years, its variability was low from 1.4 to 1.5% relatively, which shows on relatively reliable casein analyses by methods MIR and MIR-FT. It does not need to agree fuly for individual milk samples. It is linked more to MIR than MIR-FT. Limits for acceptable calibration parameters were derived: > 0.945 for KKK; 0.048 for SDID and 0.029% for mean difference as maximum.

The effect of fermented pig manure processed on a bed of wooden shavings and fermented for seven days by larvae of house flies on the yield parameters of sunflowers have been investigated on Haplic Luvisol in the pot trial realized in vegetative cage placed on the territory of SAU in Nitra. The experiment consisted of six treatments (0, NPK, Manure₁, Manure₂, Manure₃, Veget). Treatments 0, NPK, and Veget were compared with the treatments Manure₁, Manure₂, and Manure₃, i.e. with fermented manure applied at doses of 4, 6, and 8 t.ha^-1.
The results showed that application of fermented manure resulted in statistically significant greater stem thickness, higher leaf chlorophyll content, composites and harvest yield of seeds. The plants appeared healthy. Increasing the doses of fermented manure resulted in greater harvest yield of achenes and fat content in them. The dose of 4 t.ha^-1 of fermented manure has proven to be insufficient.
Out of the tested doses of 4, 6 and 8 t.ha^-1 of fermented manure the highest achene yield has been achieved at the dose of 8 t.ha^-1 but it was lower than the yield of the treatments fertilized by NPK fertilizers or Veget. From the viewpoint of achene yield quality (fat content) out of six variants the best parameters were achieved with the treatment where fermented manure at the dose of 8 t.ha^-1 was applied.
The gathered data point towards the applicability and usefulness of manure processed by larvae of flies in agronomy. It is of note, that the manure fermentation period can be significantly shortened, whereby reducing the storage difficulties.

Sensory-evaluation was conducted on 80 chickens (ROSS 308) 36 days old. Chickens were divided into groups by course of the diet addition of Amaranth or fishmeal in basic fed diets BR1 and BR2 (addition 2% of fish meal, 10% of no-heat-treated Amaranth, 10% of heat-treated Amaranth - popping, 10% of dry mass of Amaranth). Groups were separated by sex in rearing. Totally were 8 groups of 10 chickens. It was evaluated sensory quality of breast and legs (thigh and drumstick). There were 8 members of evaluation group; evaluation was done by group of 8 members satisfied all conditions in ISO 8586-1 in special room for sensory analysis (according to ISO 8589).
It was used five-point scale (1 - at least desirable, 5 - the most desirable) in evaluation of five main (descriptors) attributes of meat (colour, texture, juiciness, odour and taste).
Breast meat texture of group of heat-treated Amaranth was evaluated even with shear-force measuring (W.B.).
The correlation coefficient was -0,91 for statistical relationship between sensorial measured texture and evaluation of the shear-force. Addition of no-heat-treated and dry mass of Amaranth had positive effect (P < 0,05) on colour (paler meat), taste and odour (more desirable) than addition of fishmeal and heat-treated Amaranth. Members of evaluation group detected moderate fish aftertaste and taste of thighs at meat, when chickens were fed by fishmeal (but without statistical variance). Beyond, variance (P < 0,05) was detected with addition of fishmeal only in compare with dry mass of Amaranth addition. This diet was evaluated as more desirable than others groups in relation to taste and odour of meat. All groups fed by Amaranth were positive evaluated in taste and odour and no group were qualify as unacceptable for consumers. Contrasts between sexes were not indicated in this age of young chickens, but only tendency to better texture and taste of the meat of pullets.

The effect of broad-leaved dock (BLD) on nutritive value and fermentation process of grassland forages was studied together with the effect of formic acid addition (4.0 vs. 2.0 l.t^-1) and inoculation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Herbage of dock exhibits low DM content, crude protein and fibre contents, yet its NEL concentration is low.
Despite of the low DM content in BLD silages, the fermentation process was successful, but the silages show significantly higher contents of lactic acid (176.5 %), acetic acid (198.2 %) and lover pH values (4.24 vs. 4.39) as compared with than the grass silage. Silages made of dock do not contain butyric acid and exhibit low rates of proteolysis (9.2 % NH₃ from total N). Addition of formic acid shows in the group of assessed silages significant reduction content of lactic acid (-6.5 %) and acetic acid (-9.3 %) and significant decrease of pH value (-0.05). The use of probiotic preparation leads to significantly higher lactic acid production (+39.3 %) and to lover pH value (-0.23) as compare with control without additions.

In this paper, an attempt at measure formulation of aberation in the set of results of soil analyses observed on chernozems within Soil science is presented. The statistical evaluation was realized based on the report results from separate districts. The chernozem (regardless of subtype) were chosen as suitable for statistical evaluation. The analysis of one character was calculated for the set of results in topsoil (0-30 cm) and subsoil (30-60 cm). The comparison of average content in topsoil and subsoil was made by t-test. The significant difference is shown in content of humus (topsoil 2.61% and subsoil 1.86%), phosphorus (topsoil 8.31 mg/100 g, subsoil 4.75 mg/100 g) and kalium (topsoil 16.28 mg/100 g and subsoil 9.96 mg/100 g). There is no significant difference in other characters such as content of particles under 0,01 mm (topsoil 40.16% and subsoil 42.67%), exchange reaction (topsoil 7.03 and subsoil 7.00) and CEC - cation exchange kapacity (topsoil 23.74 mmol/100 g and subsoil 23.50 mmol/100 g). With respect to chernozems character it can be deduced, that in most of not anthropically influenced samples from mollic horizon the similar features were observed in both monitored depths. This presumption is supported also by observed differencies: humus content in topsoil was distinctly increased by addition of organic substances in organic fertilisers and by cultivation of perennial forage crops. The aberation was not observed in soil reaction. This fact could be interpreted by suppressor soil ability. Similarly, no aberation was documented in CEC. In view of quality/health of soils it is positive detection because both: exchange reaction and CEC are classified in basic soil characters. The maximal aberation was observed in phosphorous content in topsoil (with log-normal (extreme) distribution of results) and, somewhat less, in kalium content. Both characters are classified in most anthropically affected due to the addition of both components in fertilisers. Similar situation can be monitored also in the influence of humus content.

Caraway has very low competitive ability against most of weed species. Therefore, it is important to choose a suitable herbicide control, especially at biennial caraway. The experiments with the herbicides applied in caraway were found in pure growth, with variety Kepron (with standard length of vegetative period). The aim of the trials was to find out the differences at achenes yiled and essential oil content after the treatment by the various herbicides, applied preemergently. Also, the selective activity of individual herbicides was tested, including the different doses. The herbicides used in the experiments had enough level of selektivity on the plants of caraway. They had a positive effect on the yiled comparing to non-treated control variant in all observed years. There was no statistically significant difference in essential oil kontent between the treated variants and non-treated control. On the basis of these results, the most suitable herbicide was chosen for the "minor" registration for caraway.

The aim of this contribution is the evaluation rye pentosans in the relation to protein content, Falling number, content of maltose and amylograph values. Population and hybrid varieties of rye were grown during 2003-2005. Trials were situated in three different locations of the Czech Republic - Hradec nad Svitavou, Krásné údolí and Staňkov. Content of pentosans varied between 6.60-9.21 %. The highest content of pentosans (average of the three years and three locations) achieved the hybrid variety Picasso (8.11 %), which had the highest Falling number (235.8 s) and amylograph maximum (625.5 AJ), too. The location Hradec nad Svitavou (8.21 % pentosans) was the best and the year 2003 (8.34 % pentosans) was the most positive.
The results were affected by soil and weather conditions which have influence on protein content. Between the pentosans content and the Falling number a high positive correlation (r = 0.523, P < 0.01) was found and nonsignificant negative correlations with protein content (r = -0.070) and amylograph maximum (r = -0.072). Remarkable difference in the Falling number and amylograph maximum between population varieties (Daňkovské nové a Selgo) and hybrid variety (Picasso) were found.

In the experiment, the effect of chemical (A) and biological (B) additiva on the fermentation quality of climper high moisture maize grain corn was examined, compared with the untreated control (K). The chemical means contained propionic, formic and benzoic acids and ammonium formate as effective substances. As effective substances of bacterial water-soluble inoculants, selected were bacterial strains of Propionibacterium shermanii JS and Lactobacillus casei LC-705. Both conservative preservatives were added equally to the ensilaged material. The addition of chemical additivum under conditions of our experiment increased statistically significantly (P

Red clover is the most important forage legume in the Czech Republic. It is an unassuming species to climatic and soil condition, is suitable for mixtures with grasses and it is above other grassland species in forage quality. The most serious problem of red clover in grasslands is its lack of persistency (2-4 years). Considering of red clover growing area on arable land decrease and area of permanent grasslands increases, becomes persistency of varieties important attribute. The persistency of all Czech varieties was evaluated on the basis of dominance proportion investigation after 3 winters. Assessed varieties were established in mixture with grasses (60:40%). Significantly most persistent varieties were Amos 4n (24.5%), Dolina 4n (20.25 %) and Radegast 4n (19.25%). Varieties of Alsike clover were not significantly different from varieties of red clover.

In the experiment was the effect of biological additive on the fermentation quality of crushed maize ears of two hybrids by comparing with the untreated control. The bacterial inoculant "A" contained selected bacterial strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIMB 30121) and Enterococcus faecium (NCIMB 30122). As effective substances of bacterial water-soluble inoculant "B" were selected bacterial strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIMB 30121), Lactobacillus plantarum (DSM 12836), Lactobacillus brevis (DSM 12835), Lactobacillus buchneri (DSM 12856), Pediococcus acidialactici (P. pentosaceus) (DSM 12834). The addition of inoculant "A" in our experiment conditions increased statistically significantly (P

Within the frame of this paper the key theoretical knowledge to the selected topic is described, the presentation of partial results and discussion on the issue of the psychological aspects of managerial work, focusing on stress and its manifestations are submitted. The aim of this research was to identify the most frequent stress symptoms in the physiological, emotional and behavioral field and to define the main factors which cause them in work and private life terms. For the purpose of this research of stress effects on health area a questionnaire technology of our own design was chosen. For a deeper understanding of sources of an increased psychological stress in managerial activities a technique of interviews with the top managers was used. Research investigation has showed the action of stress on the senior managers, particularly increased during the current economic recession. The most significant signs of stress are manifested in physiological area, especially by fatigue, headache, digestion problems and sleep disturbances, as in the emotional area by anxiety, excessive concern and overall irritability. At the same time stress impacts also the behavioral area, where it has a negative impact to the work and family life. In the course of processing this subject, an absolutely obvious need occurred for a deeper processing of this large area of work stress, which will be subsequently dealing with, and whose output will be, the methodology of anti-stress strategy for HR (Human Resources) managers and Senior Executives of companies to prevent stress, promote health and quality of living conditions in the workplace.

Czech Republic has experienced significant changes on the market with food in last two decades. The paper presents summary of results of conducted analyses focusing on changes in levels of most important food categories, changes in consumer preferences, and suggests what trends we can expect in the near future. The analyses were based on date from Czech Statistical Office Yearbooks, EUROSTAT, INCOMA and GfK, and data from primary researches conducted on sample of total 2522 households in the Czech Republic through questionnaire researches in 2005, 2006 and 2007. The results show that in the Czech Republic, the ratio of expenditures for food out of total consumer expenditures is slowly decreasing and advances to (still lower) level typical for traditional EU countries. We have experienced growth of demand for products with higher added value; customers put more emphasis on perceived quality, longer durability and special product characteristics. Czech consumers increase their consumption of vegetables and fruit, bottled beverages, wine and alcoholic beverages, cheese, they decreased their consumption of meat (in total), milk and potatoes, stagnation was typical for bakery products, sugar and fats and oils. Development in all social classes was very similar. For the future, we can expect growing interest for food products in smaller packages and targeted at specific needs, growing demand for food products with higher added value, consumption of food formerly unusual for the Czech, more frequent out-of-home eating, and growing differences between individual segments of social groups, mainly due to uneven income distribution.