RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
A1 Nerušil, Pavel
A1 Kohoutek, Alois
A1 Komárek, Petr
A1 Odstrčilová, Věra
T1 Effects of utilisation intensity and fertilization level on forage production and quality of permanent grassland on a fluvisoil
JF Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis
YR 2014
VO 56
IS 5
SP 153
OP 162
DO 10.11118/actaun200856050153
UL https://acta.mendelu.cz/artkey/acu-200805-0021.php
AB In 2003-2007 the issue of the forage production and quality on the permanent grassland was researched by the Crop Research Institute Prague, Research Station Jevíčko. The long-term small plot trials with tall oatgrass stand type (Arrhenatherion) were established in 2003 on a fluvisoil. Four types of utilisation were used in the trial: 1. Intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) - 4 cuts per year (1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; cut on 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; May, every next after 45 days); 2. Medium intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) - 3 cuts per year (1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; cut on 30&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; May, every next after 60 days); 3. Low intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) - 2 cuts per year (1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; cut on 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; June, 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; after 90 days); 4. Extensive (I&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) - 2 cuts per year (1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; cut on 30&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; June, 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; after 90 days) and four levels of fertilizer application: F&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; = no fertilization; F&lt;sub&gt;PK&lt;/sub&gt; = P&lt;sub&gt;30&lt;/sub&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;; F&lt;sub&gt;PKN90&lt;/sub&gt; = P&lt;sub&gt;30&lt;/sub&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt;+N&lt;sub&gt;90&lt;/sub&gt;; F&lt;sub&gt;PKN180&lt;/sub&gt; = P&lt;sub&gt;30&lt;/sub&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt;+N&lt;sub&gt;180&lt;/sub&gt;. The overall average DM production of grasslands over five years was 7.19 t.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. The lowest annual DM production is 6.77 t.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; during the intensive utilisation (I&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) and it increases towards the extensive (I&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation to 7.62 t.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, at all levels of fertilization. Application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers did not have significant effects on grassland DM yield. Application of N-fertilizer increased DM production (P&lt;sub&gt;0.01&lt;/sub&gt;) already on the level F&lt;sub&gt;PKN90&lt;/sub&gt; to 8.49 t.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, on the level F&lt;sub&gt;PKN180&lt;/sub&gt; DM matter still increased up to 9.51 t.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. Forage quality was highest during the intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation and relatively lowest during the extensive (I&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation. The intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation of permanent grassland improves OMD (P&lt;sub&gt;0.01&lt;/sub&gt;), concentration of CP and NEL and decreases fiber concentration (P&lt;sub&gt;0.01&lt;/sub&gt;) when compared with the extensive (I&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation. Fertilizing did not affect quality significantly except for CP concentration which increases with N-fertilization while NEL concentration decreases. Optimal utilisation intensity for dairy cows with annual production of 7-8 thousand kg of milk seems to be the intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation with the level of fertilization F&lt;sub&gt;PKN180&lt;/sub&gt; for given grass stand (plant society Arrhenatheretum). The forage from the medium intensively (I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) utilized grassland meets quality parameters for suckler cows at the end of lactation period, the forage from less intensively and extensively (I&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, I&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) utilized grassland is suitable for cows only in the dry period in the form of hay.