PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nerušil, Pavel
AU  - Kohoutek, Alois
AU  - Komárek, Petr
AU  - Odstrčilová, Věra
TI  - Effects of utilisation intensity and fertilization level on forage production and quality of permanent grassland on a fluvisoil
DP  - 2014 Nov 3
TA  - Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis
PG  - 153--162
VI  - 56
IP  - 5
AID - 10.11118/actaun200856050153
IS  - 12118516
AB  - In 2003-2007 the issue of the forage production and quality on the permanent grassland was researched by the Crop Research Institute Prague, Research Station Jevíčko. The long-term small plot trials with tall oatgrass stand type (Arrhenatherion) were established in 2003 on a fluvisoil. Four types of utilisation were used in the trial: 1. Intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) - 4 cuts per year (1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; cut on 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; May, every next after 45 days); 2. Medium intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) - 3 cuts per year (1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; cut on 30&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; May, every next after 60 days); 3. Low intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) - 2 cuts per year (1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; cut on 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; June, 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; after 90 days); 4. Extensive (I&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) - 2 cuts per year (1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; cut on 30&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; June, 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; after 90 days) and four levels of fertilizer application: F&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; = no fertilization; F&lt;sub&gt;PK&lt;/sub&gt; = P&lt;sub&gt;30&lt;/sub&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;; F&lt;sub&gt;PKN90&lt;/sub&gt; = P&lt;sub&gt;30&lt;/sub&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt;+N&lt;sub&gt;90&lt;/sub&gt;; F&lt;sub&gt;PKN180&lt;/sub&gt; = P&lt;sub&gt;30&lt;/sub&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt;+N&lt;sub&gt;180&lt;/sub&gt;. The overall average DM production of grasslands over five years was 7.19 t.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. The lowest annual DM production is 6.77 t.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; during the intensive utilisation (I&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) and it increases towards the extensive (I&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation to 7.62 t.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, at all levels of fertilization. Application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers did not have significant effects on grassland DM yield. Application of N-fertilizer increased DM production (P&lt;sub&gt;0.01&lt;/sub&gt;) already on the level F&lt;sub&gt;PKN90&lt;/sub&gt; to 8.49 t.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, on the level F&lt;sub&gt;PKN180&lt;/sub&gt; DM matter still increased up to 9.51 t.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. Forage quality was highest during the intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation and relatively lowest during the extensive (I&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation. The intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation of permanent grassland improves OMD (P&lt;sub&gt;0.01&lt;/sub&gt;), concentration of CP and NEL and decreases fiber concentration (P&lt;sub&gt;0.01&lt;/sub&gt;) when compared with the extensive (I&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation. Fertilizing did not affect quality significantly except for CP concentration which increases with N-fertilization while NEL concentration decreases. Optimal utilisation intensity for dairy cows with annual production of 7-8 thousand kg of milk seems to be the intensive (I&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) utilisation with the level of fertilization F&lt;sub&gt;PKN180&lt;/sub&gt; for given grass stand (plant society Arrhenatheretum). The forage from the medium intensively (I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) utilized grassland meets quality parameters for suckler cows at the end of lactation period, the forage from less intensively and extensively (I&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, I&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) utilized grassland is suitable for cows only in the dry period in the form of hay.