Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslava Vlčková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Buus Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Corporate Finance and Business Valuation, University of Economics, W. Churchill sq. 4, 130 67 Prague, Czech Republic Title: Some Statistical Properties of Models of Transitory Earnings Abstract: The fact that most of the financial ratios are mean-reverting, is well known. Due to the importance of earnings forecast accuracy, relevant scientific literature in this area concentrates on transitory earnings. The main models used for description of earnings and/or profitability time series are adaptive expectation, autoregressive and partial adjustment models. However, their construction implies severe drawbacks like assumption of intentional adjustment of earnings, sometimes even towards unknown target or towards company-specific target uninfluenced by market, instead of rather realistic assumption of random push of market forces, as we found earlier. This paper proposes a model of mechanical mean reversion of earnings (and/or other company financial data, including ratios). Simulation-based tests of accuracy in a cyclical environment and robustness to input variables non-normality show that the proposed model is more accurate and less biased in capturing the reversion of earnings to industry averages, compared to the most commonly used partial adjustment models. Keywords: accuracy of models, financial expectations, partial adjustment, mean reversion, transitory earnings, normality of residuals Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 189-198 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.015 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.015.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.015.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-202102-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:2021.015 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Boháček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing, University of Economics and Management, Nárožní 2600/9A, 158 00 Praha 5, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zdeněk Linhart Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing, University of Economics and Management, Nárožní 2600/9A, 158 00 Praha 5, Czech Republic Author-Name: Peter Matisko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing, University of Economics and Management, Nárožní 2600/9A, 158 00 Praha 5, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav Špaček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, University of Economics and Management, Nárožní 2600/9A, 158 00 Praha 5, Czech Republic Title: Marketing Dialogue With Pressure Groups Abstract: CSR actions are often controversial due to either the excessive voluntary or narrow standardized approach. The objective of this article is to find indices, which homogenize CSR campaigns of corporations according to specific attitudes and behaviour of individuals. Cluster analysis has significantly differentiated CSR volunteering contributors from non-volunteering critics. A small cluster of non-volunteering respondents calls for support of kids, criminals and addicts. Volunteering clusters are composed of employed respondents who are predominantly calling for equality and environment according to their work and leisure interest. The technology volunteering from the previous year disappeared from the list of CSR of respondents as it was aggregated either to other priority or finished and forgotten due to interests in a new project. Results demonstrate that responsibility is not related only to people in need but calls for simplification of complex public, corporate and human relationships to focus on its development. Keywords: volunteering and non-volunteering contributors, CSR campaigns homogenization indices, social equality Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 211-220 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.018 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.018.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.018.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-202102-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:2021.018 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ľubomír Kubínyi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Resource Management, Faculty of Military Leadership, University Defence, Kounicova 65, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radomír Saliger Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Leadership, Faculty of Military Leadership, University Defence, Kounicova 65, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Learning Competencies and Possibilities of Their Development in Military Professionals Abstract: The contribution is aimed at describing the importance of competencies in the lifelong learning processes, the definition of the concept of competency and the components of a learning competency. On the basis of the above-mentioned theoretical approaches, it identifies the possibility of using the most current approaches to increase the measure of efficiency of educational and training processes in military professionals of the Army of the Czech Republic. A system of further education has been created in the Army of the Czech Republic, which is designed as a system of various courses, trainings, stays abroad and other activities. These are formulated in the concept of staff development, which allows the staff to actively approach their self-development. Part of the paper describes the project investigating some aspects of motivation to learning in military professionals and the selected results acquired using the quantitative research method. Keywords: army of the Czech Republic, competencies, learning competencies, conceptualization, development, education, military professionals, research project Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 221-229 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.019 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.019.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.019.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-202102-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:2021.019 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, University of Ilorin Permanent site, Tanke, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author-Name: Blessing Akinola-Soji Author-Workplace-Name: Nigerian Stored Product Research Institute, Asa Dam Road, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author-Name: Gbolagade Benjamin Adesiji Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, University of Ilorin Permanent site, Tanke, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author-Name: Oluwasanjo Biodun Owojaiye Author-Workplace-Name: Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria Title: Knowledge and Competence of Agricultural Extension Field Workers in Farmer-Group Facilitation in Kwara State, Nigeria Abstract: The weakness of most farmer-groups in Nigeria has been linked to poor group facilitation by field agricultural extension workers. The study assessed the knowledge and competence of extension officers in group facilitation. A two-stage random sampling technique was used to select 174 farmers on which a structured interview schedule was administered. A questionnaire was administered on all 69 field extension workers in the study area. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and t-test were used for data analyses. Results reveal that 65.2% of extension workers had good knowledge of group facilitation. Farmers rated extension workers lower (mean = 2.36) than the workers rated themselves in group facilitation (means = 3.12). Work experience of extension workers and their access to training in group dynamics significantly influenced workers' competence at P < 0.05. There was a significant relationship between the knowledge and competence of extension workers at p < 0.05 (r = 0.843). The study assessed extension workers' competence in group facilitation using both self and farmers' assessments, identifying specific areas of deficiencies in knowledge and competence. Keywords: competence, knowledge, group dynamics, group facilitation, self-assessment Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 231-239 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.020 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.020.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.020.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-202102-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:2021.020 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bolaji Grace Abiona Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Administration, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Ogun State, Nigeria Author-Name: Dele Akin Adesanya Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Industrial Relation and Human Resource Management, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B 2020, Ogun State, Nigeria Author-Name: Samuel Temitope Oyekanmi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Administration, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Ogun State, Nigeria Author-Name: Micheal Tunde Ajayi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Administration, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Ogun State, Nigeria Title: Devianct Behavior of Employees and Job Performance - Evidence From Selected Agricultural Research Institutes in Nigeria Abstract: This study determined the effects of workplace deviance on employees' job performance in selected Research Institutes in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling technique was used to sample two hundred and fifty five (255) respondents. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Results revealed that mean age of respondents was 36.9 years and that majority (53.7%) of the respondents were male. The hierarchical regression analyses results indicated that overall job performance was significantly related to political deviance (b1 = -2.015, p < 0.05), personal deviance (b1 = -2.531, p < 0.05) and production deviance (b1 = 1.734, p < 0.05) This study concluded that despite various forms of workplace deviance identified in the study area, employees still perform better in their respective job assigned to them but not up to the maximum level expected. Finally, the study recommended that measure should be put in place to tame this act in other to achieve organizational goals. It was however recommended that conducive work environment be put in place to reduce work deviant behaviors. So also, training and workshops for the employees, both local and international level that can enhance their performance should also be put in place to reduce work place deviance. Keywords: workplace, deviance, employee, job performance, Agricultural Institute Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 241-249 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.021 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.021.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.021.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-202102-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:2021.021 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvie Zámečník Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radovan Kožíšek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Employee Retention in Selected Spanish Hotels: Motivation and Satisfaction Abstract: The purpose of this study is to understand internal main activities in Spanish hotels that managers use to maintain a good working climate and to compare them with the Herzberg's Two Factor Theory of satisfaction in hospitality business environment. This analysis shows the fact of motivation factor which can influence an individual employee commitment in order to increase internal satisfaction, improve the performance and avoid the staff fluctuation in hospitality environment. For qualitative interviews there were selected full-time employed managers working in five- and four-stars hotels in Barcelona. The obtained results and comparison demonstrated that the analyzed perspectives lead to a higher efficacy, loyalty, and individual performance in the area of chosen three dimensions: strategy, communication, and common feedback, only to motivated employees. The results would support the importance of effective implementation of these three dimensions and implications for Czech hospitality organizations. Keywords: motivation, working conditions, personal growth, job satisfaction, employee fluctuation, loyalty Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 251-257 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.022 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.022.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.022.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-202102-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:2021.022 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marián Čvirik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing, Faculty of Commerce, University of Economics in Bratislava, Dolnozemská cesta 1, 85235 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Consumer Ethnocentrism: Comparison of Slovakia and the Czech Republic Abstract: Consumer ethnocentrism is an important concept that few scientists are researching in the context of comparing two countries. The main aim of the article is to examine the level of consumer ethnocentrism and its differences in selected countries - Slovakia and Czech. The measurement was performed on the basis of the CETSCALE instrument. We verified the reliability of the instrument on the basis of Cronbach's alpha, while high reliability can be stated. The results suggest that Czechs are more consumer ethnocentric than Slovaks (about 9%). The one-way ANOVA test was used to explore the impact of selected demographic factors (age and gender) on consumer ethnocentrism in both countries studied (Czech Republic and Slovakia). The results suggest that demographic factors (age and gender) are significant factors in consumer ethnocentrism in both countries, but not in the same direction and strength. The reason for these differences can be just the difference in culture from which consumer ethnocentrism is based. In the future, it would be appropriate to examine precisely cultural differences in the context of consumer ethnocentrism. The results can be used in many fields (sociology, psychology, marketing) - both theories and praxis. Keywords: consumer ethnocentrism, culture, Slovak Republic, Czech Republic Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 259-266 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.023 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.023.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.023.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-202102-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:2021.023 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefan Ehrnböck Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Žufan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The "Normatives" Controlling Approach in SMEs in Bavaria Abstract: This paper analyzes the effectiveness and efficiency of the normatives' controlling against the operational and strategic controlling. The general focus in studies and focus of the controlling experts is mostly on the operational controlling. For the analysis of the normatives' controlling in Bavarian SMEs a primary research data set is used. The survey was aimed on Bavarian SME's in the machine building sector. We employ regression models for the assessment of significance of the influencing factors, which are causing the negation of the normatives' controlling. We use monthly hours worked in the normatives' controlling, percentage acceptance of the normatives' controlling, used normatives' controlling instruments and the number of employees working in the controlling department as the influencing factors. The empirical evidence shows significant results affecting Bavarian SME's - Acceptance (monthly capacity of the head of controlling department) was identified as a significant variable on a statistically significant level with the estimated coefficient of 0.217 in relation to the Hours (monthly hours of work capacity) of normatives' controlling departments, and Instruments (number of instruments used) were proved to significantly influence the Employees (number of employees in controlling department) with the coefficient of 2.099. With the growing importance of the ability of an organization to publicly demonstrate its success in reaching objectives and specifically in its societal impacts, the importance of setting normatives and their control will project into higher demands on the work capacity of the controlling departments. Keywords: normatives' controlling, sustainability, social and environmental aspects, norms, SME Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 275-279 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.025 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.025.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.025.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-202102-0011.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:2021.025 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katja Stammen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Educational Structure of Refugees Abstract: Since 2015, the Federal Republic of Germany has accepted more than one million refugees. In many cases, the refugee crisis in Germany is seen as an opportunity to compensate for the need for skilled labour. By 2030 there will be a shortage of around 3 million skilled workers. Therefore, this article focuses on the educational structure of refugees in the years 2015-2017. A survey of a total of 687 refugees and a comparative analysis using data from the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) revealed that about 70% of asylum seekers are of working age. 14% of the refugees have no formal education. More than 50% have attended primary and secondary school. Furthermore, 75% have not undergone any training. Therefore, integrative measures and offers of further education are absolutely necessary. The quality and implementation of these measures are primarily decisive for the success of the integration of refugees into the German labour market. Keywords: refugees, refugee crisis, educational structure, school education, vocational education, training, labour market Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 281-290 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.027 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.027.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun.2021.027.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-202102-0012.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:2021.027