Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karel Brychta Author-Workplace-Name: Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Business and Management, Institute of Finance, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Aleksandra Sulik-Górecka Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics in Katowice, Faculty of Finance and Insurance, Department of Accounting, ul. 1 Maja 50, 40-287 Katowice, Poland Title: Legal Regulation for Advance Pricing Agreements in the Czech Republic and Poland - a Comparative Case Study Abstract: An appropriate transfer pricing policy and procedures help to reach a win-win situation between involved parties - taxpayers and tax administration authorities. The paper deals with one of the instruments that could help to reach such a desirable status - namely with the Advance Pricing Agreement (hereinafter referred to as "APA" only). The aim of the paper is to identify fundamental rules as stated for the APAs in the standards of the OECD and subsequently describe, assess and compare general rules for the APAs in the Czech and Polish domestic law.The research realized is based on a qualitative research; a case study was selected for its realization. A content analysis of a text was a technique used for the collection of relevant data and information. On the basis of results reached, one can observe that the Czech domestic legal regulation does not meet the criteria, unlike polish one, for the APAs as stated by the OECD. The legal regulation contained in the Czech domestic law is insufficient and in this respect the provisions contained in the Polish domestic law can be considered as a suitable and inspiring. Following this conclusion, authors present some de lege ferenda proposals for the Czech domestic law rising from the Polish domestic law. Keywords: advance pricing agreements, advance/binding ruling, Czech Republic, Poland, transfer pricing Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 209-224 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010209 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010209.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010209.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201901-0021.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2019067010209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beáta Gavurová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Banking and Investment, Faculty of Economics Technical University of Košice, Němcovej 32, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia Author-Name: Martina Halásková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Public Economics, Faculty of Economics, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Sokolská třída 33, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic Author-Name: Samuel Koróny Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Economics, Matej Bel University, Cesta na amfiteáter 1, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia Title: Research and Development Indicators of EU28 Countries from Viewpoint of Super-efficiency DEA Analysis Abstract: Research and development are important sources of economic growth and social welfare and play a key role in creating new knowledge, products and technological processes. In our paper we focused on the analysis and evaluation of research and innovation potential in the European Union countries in 2010 and 2015 using Data Envelopment Analysis. For the evaluation, seven indicators were selected, as starting point for the evaluation of research activities and the measurement of the innovation performance and of competitiveness of the individual countries. Input capital indicators were - R&D expenditure in the higher education sector and in the business enterprise sector as % of GDP. Input human labour indicators were total researchers (FTE), human resources in science and technology (HRST) as % of active population and employment in total service intensive sectors as % of total employment. Output indicators were the number of scientific publications and high-tech export as % of total export. On basis of DEA super-efficiency analyses results we can make following conclusions. The best group of five countries is characterized by efficient status in both analysed periods 2010 and 2015 (Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus, Croatia and United Kingdom). The second group contains two countries Germany and Italy. This countries improved status from inefficient in 2010 to efficient in 2015. In the third group are five countries that worsened their status from efficient in 2010 to inefficient one in 2015: Portugal, Malta, Poland, Luxembourg and Netherlands. In last fourth group are all other EU28 countries that were inefficient in both analysed periods 2010 and 2015. In group of V4 countries situation is not optimistic. Poland worsened its status from efficient in 2010 to inefficient one in 2015 and three remaining countries - Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia stagnated in inefficient status in both periods. On the opposite there was not significant difference in super-efficiencies in 2010 and in 2015 and in their differences between capitalist and post-socialist EU28 countries. Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis, EU countries, indicators, research & development, slack based model, super-efficiency analysis Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 225-242 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010225 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010225.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010225.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201901-0022.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2019067010225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zuzana Gocmanová Author-Workplace-Name: DELL Bratislava, Fazuľová 7, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: Jaromír Skorkovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Corporate Economy, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Štěpán Veselý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 4, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Arne Nováka 1, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Böhm Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Where Do You Want to Go Skiing? The Effect of the Reference Point and Loss Aversion Abstract: We reported the results from a simple experiment where participants (n = 646) picked their preferred winter holiday from three possible alternatives. To make the experiment as realistic as possible, the alternatives among which participants could choose, were very similar to actual winter holidays offered by an existing travel agency. Our results are consistent with predictions made by prospect theory: alternatives that compare favorably to a reference option are chosen more often than alternatives that compare unfavorably to a reference option. The reference option, experimentally manipulated in this paper, was one of the three alternatives available to participants. Including different reference alternatives into the available choice set changed relative preferences over the remaining alternatives. Our findings provide further evidence that prospect theory can have practical implications for marketers who can influence consumer choice by merely presenting specially composed sets of alternatives. Keywords: prospect theory, reference point, loss aversion, preference shifts, marketing Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 243-252 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010243 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010243.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010243.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201901-0023.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2019067010243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tereza Konečná Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zuzana Hübnerová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Asymptotic Comparison of Parameters Estimates of Two-parameter Weibull Distribution Abstract: The Weibull distribution is frequently applied in various fields, ranging from economy, business, biology, to engineering. This paper aims at estimating the parameters of two-parameter Weibull distribution are determined. For this purpose, the method of quantiles (three different choices of quantiles) and Weibull probability plot method is utilized. The asymptotic covariance matrix of the parameter estimates is derived for both methods. For optimal random choices of quantiles, the variance, covariance and generalized variance is computed.The main contribution of this study is the introduction of the best choice of percentiles for the method of quantiles and the joint asymptotic efficiency comparison of applied methods. Keywords: Weibull distribution, estimation of parameters, method of quantiles, Weibull probability plot, asymptotic covariance matrix, joint asymptotic efficiency comparison Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 253-263 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010253 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010253.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010253.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201901-0024.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2019067010253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Kozáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Leadership, Faculty of Military Leadership, University Defence, Kounicova 65, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radomír Saliger Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Leadership, Faculty of Military Leadership, University Defence, Kounicova 65, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Direct Leadership in the Army of the Czech Republic Abstract: The purpose of this paper was identifying the level of emotional intelligence of future leaders in the level of direct leadership in the Army of the Czech Republic. The concept of emotional intelligence could be characterized as a file of social abilities, attributes and qualities, which are necessary for function of each individual in society, social interactions and during communication with others. Emotional intelligence is connected with required social competences of military leaders. In the research part was used method of quantitative research by using the standardized questionnaire research technique. This is a self-assessing test of emotional intelligence created by authors T. Bradberry a J. Greaves, which is based on model of author Daniel Goleman. The results of applied method describe the level and differences of emotional intelligence by each participant. The research sample consisted of a total 31 military students of fourth year master's degree programme of Faculty of military leadership, full time study in University of Defense in Brno. They are future officers, whom after graduation of study programme are predetermined to serve in the direct leadership in Army of the Czech Republic. This is a pilot research which will be followed by further standard research. The results of it are going to be applied the next period for suggestion and recommendation of interactive educational programs enhancing the competence of decision-making leaders. The results are discussed in the context of the training of military leaders under the auspices of Ministry of Defense in the Czech Republic. Keywords: direct leadership, emotional intelligence, leader, army of the Czech Republic Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 265-273 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010265 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010265.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010265.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201901-0025.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2019067010265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvie Kozlovská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jakub Šácha Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: František Toman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Determination of N-year Design Precipitation in the Czech Republic by Annual Maximum Series Method Abstract: The sum of design precipitation of a selected repetition period, provided that it is evenly distributed over the river basin area, is a basic input for the calculation of the direct outflow volume by the curve number method. It is necessary to determine the design precipitation for each location using the statistical methods and the longest available data series on daily precipitation sums, or more specifically their annual maximums. This paper deals with the determination of design precipitation from data of eight stations of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute for the period 1961-2013. From a series of annual maximum values of daily precipitation sums, N-year design precipitations were calculated using two methods (Gumbel and generalized extreme value distributions). The conformity of both models with empirical distribution of values was statistically tested to evaluate which of the models gave more accurate results. In these cases, it was more appropriate to use the generalized extreme value distribution. Finally, the newly calculated characteristics were compared with the design values used by Šamaj et al. (1985), where significant differences were found. Keywords: Gumbel distribution, generalized extreme value distribution (GEV), curve number method (CN), direct outflow volume, design precipitation, annual maximum series (AMS), repeat time Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 275-286 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010275 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010275.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010275.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201901-0026.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2019067010275 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tuan Doanh Le Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, 59C Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Ward 6, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Author-Name: Duong Phuong Thao Pham Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, 59C Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Ward 6, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Author-Name: Tuan Bach Le Author-Workplace-Name: Foreign Trade University, No.15, Street D5, Ward 25, District Binh Thanh, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam Title: The Relationship Between Financial Development and Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Selected Asian Countries Abstract: This study extends research on the relationship between financial development (FD) and innovation by dividing FD into bank-based FD and stock-market-based FD and investigating their effects on innovation. The number of patent applications is used as a proxy for innovative activities, and the financial development of a country is measured by the development of the banking sector and the stock market. The study employs the two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to test the relationship using a panel data set in 25 various Asian countries in the period from 2000 to 2015. The development of the banking sector and the stock market increase the number of patent applications, but their interaction calculated by financial structure is not related to innovation. The finding indicates that the development of a financial system encourages innovation regardless of the difference in the development level between its components. The study provides more insights into the impact of financial market development on the domestically economic activities. Keywords: financial markets, innovation, finance, generalized method of moments, Asian countries Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 287-298 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010287 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010287.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010287.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201901-0027.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2019067010287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Ligocká Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance and Accounting, Silesian University, School of Business Administration in Karviná, Univerzitní nám. 1934/3, 733 40 Karviná, Czech Republic Author-Name: Daniel Stavárek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance and Accounting, Silesian University, School of Business Administration in Karviná, Univerzitní nám. 1934/3, 733 40 Karviná, Czech Republic Title: The Relationship Between Financial Ratios and the Stock Prices of Selected European Food Companies Listed on Stock Exchanges Abstract: Stock prices can be influenced by many factors. It is possible to determine two categories of variables that can affect stock prices: macroeconomic and microeconomic variables. The paper is focused on microeconomic factors, specially financial ratios that reflect business activities of the companies. According to the study of Drummen and Zimmermann (1992) the individual characteristics of companies affect up to 50 % of stock prices. The object of this paper is to examine the relationship between selected financial ratios and the stock prices of food companies listed on selected European Stock Exchanges. Time series on annual frequency are used to examine the relationship between stock prices of selected companies and financial ratios with using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Based on previous research we expect to find some linkages especially between stock prices and the profitability ratios. Keywords: financial ratios, food industry, companies, Europe, stock price, GMM Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 299-307 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010299 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010299.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010299.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201901-0028.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2019067010299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Myslym Osmani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics and Rural Development Policies, Faculty of Economics and Agribusiness, Agricultural University of Tirana, Kamez-Tirana, Albania Author-Name: Arben Kambo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics and Rural Development Policies, Faculty of Economics and Agribusiness, Agricultural University of Tirana, Kamez-Tirana, Albania Title: Small-Scale Apple Farmers' Willingness to Invest - the Case of Korça Region Farmers in Albania Abstract: In this study we aim at assessing the willingness to invest of small-apple farms in Korça region-Albania. Furthermore, we want to identify and assess what are major determinants, as percept by farmers', willingness to invest. To this purpose we used data collected through face-to-face interviews with apple farmers. We used descriptive statistics, as well as classical and multinomial logistic regression. Most of farmers are willing to invest in view of their positive expectations for investment climate. Other important factors of willingness to invest are access to loans, advisory extension services, market competition, willingness to cooperate and willingness to take loans, and farm income, while socio-demographic factors such as age, education, and farming experience do not have significant effect on willingness to invest. Large farms are generally more willing to invest. We present also a general framework of constraints and policy levers to improving the investment climate which is almost valid also for Albania. Improving farmers' access to private credit sources, policy stability, providing information and public advisory services to small farmers, support farmers to adopt new technology, support to the creation of farmers' formal and informal groups, and mitigate risks of various type are some but essential policy measures to motivate farmers to invest more in apple. Keywords: willingness to invest, investment climate, risk, apple farm, cooperation, access to loans, socio-demographic factor, micro-economic factor, environmental factor, multinomial logistic model Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 309-323 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010309 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010309.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010309.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201901-0029.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2019067010309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Páral Author-Workplace-Name: Department of finances (PEF), Brno Mendel University Brno, Zemědelská 1, Brno 113 00, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Blížkovský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, třída Generála Píky 2005/7, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: General Secretariat Council of the EU, rue de la Loi 185, Brussels, 1048, Belgium Title: Globalisation and Food Sovereignty: Impact of Foreign Direct Investments and Government Expenditure in Ghana in 2001-2010 Abstract: The article looks at the globalisation effects on food availability in Ghana. The aim of the article is to analyse which of the selected macroeconomic indicators have a statistically significant impact on the increase of food availability in the country. Impacts of foreign direct investments on agriculture and government expenditures in agriculture have been tested. Correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses have been used to analyse the test results.Findings suggest that change in both foreign direct investments in agriculture and government expenditures in agriculture cause significant change in food availability in Ghana. At the same time, the impact of government expenditures on the amount of available food is in the case of Ghana more than two-times higher than the impact of agricultural foreign direct investments, while the increase in government expenditures in agriculture does not cause a decrease in foreign direct investments in agriculture. Keywords: globalisation, food sovereignty, food availability, Ghana, foreign direct investments in agriculture, government expenditures, regression analyses Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 325-331 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010325 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010325.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010325.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201901-0030.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2019067010325 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nahanga Verter Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Regional and Business Economics, Faculty of Regional Development and International Development Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lea Hasíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Languages, Faculty of Regional Development and International Development Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The Performance of Grape Production in the Czech Republic Abstract: Grape is a major agrarian input for winemaking in the Czech Republic (Czechia). This contribution assesses the performance of grape production in Czechia. The country's performance is compared with Slovakia and some major producing countries in the world. Using the OLS approach, the results show that area harvested, yields, farm gate price and wine export have a positive relationship with grape production in Czechia. The descriptive approach shows Czechia as a net importer of wine. Also, grape yields in Czechia and Slovakia have been below the EU and global averages. These two countries' wine exports have been concentrated in few markets within the EU single market.There is a need for grape farmers in the countries to find ways to improve yield per hectare. Similarly, export promotion should be encouraged and diversified beyond the EU markets to reduce external demand volatility or shocks. Arguably, this measure may accelerate foreign earnings from grape and wine related export products in the country. Keywords: area harvested, Czechia, EU, price, wine, yield Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 333-342 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010333 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010333.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201967010333.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201901-0031.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2019067010333