Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Albana Berisha Qehaja Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management and Informatics, Faculty of Economy, University of Prishtina, "Agim Ramadani" n.n. 10000 Prishtinë, Republic of Kosovo Author-Name: Enver Kutllovci Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management and Informatics, Faculty of Economy, University of Prishtina, "Agim Ramadani" n.n. 10000 Prishtinë, Republic of Kosovo Author-Name: Justina Shiroka Pula Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management and Informatics, Faculty of Economy, University of Prishtina, "Agim Ramadani" n.n. 10000 Prishtinë, Republic of Kosovo Title: Strategic Management Tools and Techniques Usage: a Qualitative Review Abstract: This paper is one of the few studies to review the empirical literature on strategic management tools and techniques usage. There are many techniques, tools and methods, models, frameworks, approaches and methodologies, available to support strategic managers in decision making. They are developed and designed to support managers in all stages of strategic management process to achieve better performance. Management schools provide knowledge of these tools. But their use in organizations should be seen in practice-based context. Consequently, some questions arise: Do they use these strategic tools and techniques in their workplace? Which strategic tools and techniques are used more in organizations? To answer these questions we have made a review of empirical studies using textual narrative synthesis method. Initially, this study presents a tabulation with a summary of empirical research for the period 1990-2015. The included studies are organized clustering them by enterprise size and sector and by country level development. A synopsis of the ten most used strategic tools and techniques worldwide resulted as follows: SWOT analysis, benchmarking, PEST analysis, "what if" analysis, vision and mission statements, Porter's five forces analysis, business financial analysis, key success factors analysis, cost-benefit analysis and customer satisfaction. Keywords: strategic tools and techniques usage, strategic planning tools, empirical evidence, narrative synthesis Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 585-600 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020585 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020585.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020585.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0023.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naďa Birčiaková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Irena Antošová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Filip Balák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Determinants of Czech Disposable Household Income and Related Housing Quality Abstract: Disposable household income is one of the basic indicators of living standards. This paper deals with what socioeconomic factors affect such income and predetermine how the population is stratified by income level. It goes on to reveal the connections between household income and housing quality parameters. There is a visible difference in living standards between different income groups of the population. Data mining techniques were used to examine data from the EU-SILC surveys for 2005, 2010 and 2014. Keywords: disposable income, housing quality, data mining, EU-SILC Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 601-610 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020601 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020601.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020601.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0024.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020601 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paweł Dziekański Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Institute of Law, Economics and Administration, Faculty of Law, Management and Administration, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland Title: Diversification Synthetic Indicator for Evaluating the Financial Capacity of Local Government. The Case of Polish Voivodeships Abstract: Financial situation is a fundamental issue for the local government. Financial problems could result in insolvency that is why the analysis of financial situation is essential not only for current management, but also for the protection against side effects of economic downturn. One of the most important determinants of the development of the local government unit is its financial situation, which has an undeniable impact on the whole activities conducted by the local government. The aim of the article is to present the financial situation of the territorial self-government - the voivodeship, and its changes in the years 2009-2014. The voivodeships which are in good financial situation are more competitive and efficient in conducting development policy. The best voivodeships in 2014 and 2011 were Mazowieckie and Dolnośląskie, in 2009 - Mazowieckie and Łódzkie; in 2014 were Lubuskie and Opolskie, in 2011 - Kujawsko-pomorskie and Warmińsko-mazurskie, and in 2009 - Lubuskie and Warmińsko-mazurskie. The value of the index in 2014 fluctuated between 0.16 and 0.59, in 2011 between 0.22-0.64, and in 2009 - 0.16-0.64. The resulting measure depends on the number and type of variables taken for testing. It allows you to identify weaker areas and improved functioning of the unit, if its own position in relation to competitors. The behavior indicated methodology, and partial variables, allows the assessment of individuals between countries. Keywords: financial situation, budget, income, expenses, synthetic indicator Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 611-619 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020611 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020611.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020611.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0025.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adéla Fajčíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic Author-Name: Hana Urbancová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic Title: The Role of Organizations in Lifelong Learning and Development Abstract: Human resources and their knowledge are the main asset of the European Union and they represent the innovation potential of every organization regardless of in which country it carries out its business activities. This potential must be developed through formal and informal learning, which is the objective and concept of today's educational policy in most large organizations. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the tools for human resources training and development used in organizations operating in the Czech Republic. A questionnaire survey (n = 402) was carried out as part of quantitative research and the results were evaluated using descriptive and multivariate statistics (factor analysis). The results showed that training and development of employees is an integral part of HR activities in 82.34 % organizations in the Czech Republic; however, these activities are planned in only 29.3 % of organizations dealing with this area. The research results show that it is necessary to regularly evaluate the effectiveness of training and development of employees, focus on the development of managers in organizations and increase spending on training programs. With regard to the growing emphasis on increasing the competitiveness of not only the Czech Republic according to the Europe 2020 strategy, it is necessary that all employees enhance their qualifications. Keywords: competitiveness, development, employees, human resources, training methods, Czech organizations, survey Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 621-630 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020621 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020621.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020621.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0026.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Gláserová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, PEF Mendel university in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milena Otavová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, PEF Mendel university in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Anna Bušovová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, PEF Mendel university in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eliška Dřínovská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, PEF Mendel university in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Impact of Transposition of the Directive 2013/34/EU into the National Laws of EU Member States Emphatically V4 Abstract: The European Union has published the Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types of undertakings for reasons of increasing of the competitive advantage and productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises. The EU Member States have to incorporate the rules of the Directive with their national law by 20 July 2015 at the latest during the year 2016. The intention of this paper is to determine and to evaluate the impacts of transposition of the Directive into the Czech Accounting Law and into the national accounting laws of EU Member States chosen. There is an identification of main differences of Czech Accounting Law and of amended Czech Accounting Law issued 1st of January 2016. There is an impact of implementation of the Directive 2013/34/EU on financial statements and at the same time on requirements of audit for individual categories of Czech accounting entities. In this paper, there is also an analysis of impact of the Directive 2013/34/EU on national accounting laws V4 States and on several further EU Member States. On the basis of comparison of differences recognized, there is an deduction of findings for companies falling into the same group. Keywords: European Directives, accounting harmonization, accounting systems, accounting principles, financial statements, categorization of accounting entities Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 631-639 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020631 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020631.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020631.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0027.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020631 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michal Karas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finances, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Mária Režňáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finances, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The Potential of Dynamic Indicator in Development of the Bankruptcy Prediction Models: the Case of Construction Companies Abstract: The current development of bankruptcy models usually goes in the direction of testing different classification algorithms, while the potential hidden in financial indicators is given less attention. Their analysis is often only restricted to the comparison between their respective statuses in bankrupt and healthy companies, while the dynamics of the indicators, i.e. the change in their values in time, is not paid much attention. The aim or our research is to analyse partial potential of financial ratios for predicting bankruptcy. Twenty-eight indicators were examined in a sample of 1,355 construction companies operating in the Czech Republic, as well as their development over the past five periods. A non-parametric chi-square test was used to evaluate the significance of predictors. The variables were categorised for the application of the test. Our research confirmed the assumption as to the importance of using the indicators in dynamic (change) form. Indicators that are significant only in their change form were identified. Moreover, the use of the dynamic form of the indicators can increase the significance of the bankruptcy model. This was tested by using the stepwise version of linear discrimination analysis. Keywords: construction companies, bankruptcy prediction, financial ratio, dynamic indicators, linear discrimination analysis, model accuracy Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 641-652 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020641 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020641.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020641.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0028.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ekaterina Khitilova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management and Marketing, Moravian University College Olomouc, Tř. Kosmonautů 1, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: The Suitability of Expert System Application in Czech Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in the economy of Czech Republic. Expert systems are one of the alternatives evaluated the effectiveness of the relationship between supplier and customer. Currently, measurement and increase in efficiency of supplier-customer relations is very topical subject.The requirements for tools the improvement supplier-customer relationship can be specified on the base the literature analysis. The article defines basic requirements for expert system. The presentation of expert system and its suitability in the surroundings of small and medium sized enterprises is the part of this article. The comparison of the expert system possibilities and the compiled requirements leads to suitability analysis of selected solution. Actual questions and the way of future work are derived from current results, presented in the paper.The article defined the directions of development this expert system. Keywords: SME's, hierarchic expert system, decision-making task, knowledge system, language model, supply chain Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 653-660 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020653 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020653.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020653.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0029.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020653 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michaela Kolářová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, CZ-165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luděk Tyšer Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, CZ-165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Hansjörg Krähmer Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, CZ-165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Occurrence of Neophytes in Agrophytocoenoses - Field Survey in the Czech Republic Abstract: Neophytes belong to a group of non-native plants, which were introduced by man either intentionally or unintentionally in different ways. The discovery of America is a historical milestone for non-native plant research. Most scientists use the term neophyte for species introduced after the year 1500. Neophytes became progressively more numerous in arable fields and their proportion significantly increased during the second half of the 20th century. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of neophytes in arable fields in the Czech Republic in terms of applied management systems, crops, and environmental site conditions at different altitudes. In the years 2006 to 2008, a phytocoenological survey was conducted on selected farms across the Czech Republic under various climate and soil conditions in spring and winter cereals and in wide-row crops. Totally, 172 weed species were found. Among these species, 8 % were considered as neophytes (13 species). In respect of their stage of invasiveness, 6 neophytes were considered as invasive, 6 species as naturalized and 1 species was considered as casual. Frequencies of neophyte species we found ranged between 0.3-31 % from all relevés. Environmental site conditions associated with altitude were the most important factors correlated with the occurrence of neophytes. The incidence of neophytes is primarily concentrated at lower altitudes and is mainly associated with stands of spring wide-row crops, especially root crops and vegetables. A higher proportion of neophytes was found in organic farming. Keywords: arable land, weed communities, conventional and organic farming, cereals, wide-row crops, altitude Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 661-668 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020661 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020661.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020661.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0030.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: František Milichovský Author-Workplace-Name: Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Business and Management, Kolejní 2906/4, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic Title: An Impact of Reverse Logistics Activities on Marketing Communication Abstract: The topic of reverse logistics has become very actual due the requirements of highly competitive market. This importance is made by significance of condition for environment-friendly production and purchasing around the world. Individual activities, which are included in reverse logistics, support entrepreneurs in their competitiveness to other companies and to own customers. The objective of the paper is to find relationship between marketing communication tool and activities of reverse logistics on behaviour of final customers in Czech Republic. A theoretical background from the area of reverse logistics supports this approach with data from primary research collected by the author. A data from primary research was used. The entire primary research focused on the evaluation of customers' perception in the area of reverse logistics in the Czech Republic by a questionnaire survey. Sample population was created by 1266 consumers' respondents, which were chosen in random way. There were returned questionnaires from 332 respondents. Questionnaire itself was distributed by only platform, during June 2016. The research itself was aimed at a random chosen group of people in the Czech Republic. Findings of the research shows connection of individual activities of reverse logistics and individual communication tools, which are well-accepted on customer side. The result of the research can be used for the companies that operate in the Czech or Central European market. Keywords: reverse logistics, marketing communication campaigns, marketing communication tools Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 669-678 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020669 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020669.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020669.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0031.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020669 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimir Milovanovic Author-Workplace-Name: Facultry of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Smutka Author-Workplace-Name: Facultry of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic Title: Asian Countries in the Global Rice Market Abstract: Rice is an important Asian commodity, a region with diverse production systems and consumption patterns. With an increasing population leading to an increase in demand, the main drivers which determine rice production need to be identified. The study thus attempts to identify and assess the key drivers of rice production and the future prospects in major rice producing countries within the region using simple and stepwise multiple linear regression. In most of the countries, rice production was found to be determined by indicators such as yield, country consumption and country population, each accounting for about 90 percent of variation in rice production. Among the mentioned indicators, country population should be given the most weight to as majority of rice is consumed by humans, thus validating the need to address the necessity to enhance rice production that commensurate with an increasing population. Keywords: rice production, Asia, determinants of rice production Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 679-688 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020679 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020679.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020679.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0032.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020679 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milena Otavová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxation, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Gláserová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, PEF Mendel university in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The Impact of Changes in Accounting Regulations on Agricultural Entities and Their Business Accounts Since 2016 Abstract: Financial accounting in the European Union is harmonized through directives. In 2013 Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and the Council was issued. It aims to improve the performance of micro and small entities by reducing their administrative burden. The primary requirement of the Directive is to introduce entity size classification. The paper identifies the impact of the transposition of the Directive on the size distribution of agricultural enterprises in the V4 countries and some other countries of the European Union using data from the Amadeus database. In the Czech Republic obligations which are part of financial reporting are determined for agricultural enterprises and their impact on fundamental accounting principles is detected. The implementation of the Directive in the Czech Republic significantly influenced valuation, accounting for and specially reporting of inventories of a company's own activity and capitalization, which are typical for agricultural enterprises. A comparison of the regulation effective until the end of 2015 with the new regulation showed the impact on the amount of profit and turnover, which are also quantified. The degree of harmonization with IAS/IFRS is also examined. Keywords: accounting harmonization, European Accounting Directive, financial reporting, categorization of entities, inventories of a company's own activity, agricultural enterprises Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 689-697 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020689 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020689.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020689.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0033.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020689 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jindřich Pokora Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Corporate Economy, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Hybrid ARIMA and Support Vector Regression in Short-term Electricity Price Forecasting Abstract: The literature suggests that, in short-term electricity-price forecasting, a combination of ARIMA and support vector regression (SVR) yields performance improvement over separate use of each method. The objective of the research is to investigate the circumstances under which these hybrid models are superior for day-ahead hourly price forecasting. Analysis of the Nord Pool market with 16 interconnected areas and 6 investigated monthly periods allows not only for a considerable level of generalizability but also for assessment of the effect of transmission congestion since this causes differences in prices between the Nord Pool areas. The paper finds that SVR, SVRARIMA and ARIMASVR provide similar performance, at the same time, hybrid methods outperform single models in terms of RMSE in 98 % of investigated time series. Furthermore, it seems that higher flexibility of hybrid models improves modeling of price spikes at a slight cost of imprecision during steady periods. Lastly, superiority of hybrid models is pronounced under transmission congestions, measured as first and second moments of the electricity price. Keywords: short-term electricity price forecasting, hybrid models, time series, ARIMA models, support vector regression, transmission congestion, Nord Pool electricity market Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 699-708 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020699 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020699.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020699.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0034.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020699 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maja Radziemska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Mirosław Wyszkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 4, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland Title: Using Compost, Zeolite and Calcium Oxide to Limit the Effect of Chromium (III) and (VI) on the Content of Trace Elements in Plants Abstract: The research aimed to determine the influence of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in doses of 0 (control), 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg Cr.kg-1 of soil as well as compost, zeolite and CaO additives on the content of heavy metals in the spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera) and yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). The contents of heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Ni, Cu) in plants, were determined using the method of spectrophotometry. All of the investigated element contents in the tested plants differed significantly in the case of applying amendments to the soil, as well as increasing concentrations of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). In the series without additives in soils containing Cr(III) and Cr(VI), rapeseed was characterized by a higher average content of Cr than yellow lupine. Compost most noticeably limited the negative effect of chromium. Cr(VI) modified the contents of trace elements in the tested plants more significantly than Cr(III). Keywords: chromium contamination, heavy metals, compost, zeolite, calcium oxide Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 709-719 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020709 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020709.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020709.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0035.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020709 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Rohan Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, Department of Trade and Accounting, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lukáš Moravec Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, Department of Trade and Accounting, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic Title: Tax Information Exchange Influence on Czech Based Companies' Behavior in Relation to Tax Havens Abstract: In recent years, borders between countries have been opened gradually thanks to globalization, which is reflected in minimal barriers to the movement of persons and capital. This situation could be potentially abused by taxpayers willing to shift the capital to preferential tax jurisdictions. Due to facts aforementioned, several instruments for tax administrators have been introduced. Bilateral and multilateral instruments are concluded with particular countries for the purpose of obtaining information about foreign residents staying abroad but also to avoid double taxation or double non-taxation. In recent years there has been an increased number of companies in the Czech Republic whose owners come from preferential tax jurisdiction from 12,676 up to 13,167. This paper is focused on the Czech taxpayers' reaction on concluding agreements concerning exchange of information in tax matters with preferential tax jurisdictions, the so-called "Tax havens". The Difference-in-Differences Method was carried out to predict the taxpayers' behavior. The model shows that the agreements work well as a preventive tool. If the Czech Republic concludes the agreement with the tax haven, the taxpayers lose their anonymity. This results in their relocation into tax havens that are not covered by the agreement in order to keep their anonymity. Keywords: taxpayer, tax, tax haven, tax information exchange agreement, tax administrator, jurisdiction Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 721-726 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020721 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020721.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020721.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0036.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020721 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivan Švec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marie Hrušková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic Title: Effect of Chia and Teff Supplement on Dietary Fibre Content, Non-fermented Dough and Bread Characteristics from Wheat and Wheat-Barley Flours Abstract: To elevate dietary fibre content in wheat bread, two additions of barley flour were tested (30 % and 50 %), and further 5 % or 10 % of chia or teff wholemeals. Chia elevated dietary fibre content more effectively than teff did (up to 6.41 % and 4.29 %, respectively). Non-gluten nature of proteins in non-traditional raw materials also affected farinograph, amylograph and mixolab proof results. Water absorption increased about 10 % in total, especially owing to teff presence in composite flour. All three alternative crops decelerated dough development and prolonged its stability, but dough softening degree depended on their combination. Higher water absorption was reflected in viscosity rise during amylograph testing. Using mixolab equipment, significantly more accurate differentiation of tested composites was reached, both in phase of dough kneading and registration of viscosity during heating and cooling. Contrary to this, any statistically verifiable difference was observed between chia or teff wholemeal variants from white of dark seeds. By variance analysis, some rheological parameters (dough softening degree, torque point C5, mixolab energy) together with specific bread volume were identified as principal for samples distinguishing. In terms of flour and bread quality, barley flour portion had a prevailing effect for chia tri-composites. Reversely, quality of flour blends containing teff was dependent on both barley flour and teff wholemeal portion and type. Keywords: wheat composite flour, chia and teff wholemeal, mixolab, bread, PCA Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 727-736 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020727 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020727.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020727.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0037.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020727 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of business economic and management, Faculty of economics and administration, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic Title: The Impact of Tax Incentives on Research and Development Abstract: The goal of this article is to analyze the impact of tax incentives on research and development and compare its effectiveness to direct government support of research and development. The analysis is based on regression analysis, which compares effect of tax incentives for research and development and direct government support (as percentage of GDP) in 28 countries of OECD in 2013 on innovative effectiveness of these countries measured by number of registered triadic patent families per billion GDP in the same year. Results suggest that tax incentives are more effective form of research and development support than direct government funding. Research also revealed interesting case of Switzerland's research and development performance backed by almost none government support, which should be subject to future study. Keywords: Tax incentives, research and development, government funding, triadic patent families Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 737-743 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020737 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020737.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020737.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0038.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020737 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Urbanovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University in Brno, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Granger Causalities Between Interest Rate, Price Level, Money Supply and Real Gdp in the Czech Republic Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to investigate relationships between selected macroeconomic variables - interest rate, price level, money supply and real GDP - in the Czech Republic in order to find out definite implications of its interactions and give recommendations to macroeconomic policy authorities. Two implemented vector autoregression models with different lag length reached slightly different conclusions. VAR(1) suggests that three pairs of Granger causality exist, in particular between price level and interest rate, between real GDP and interest rate and between real GDP and price level. VAR(2) uncovered two more pairs of Granger causality between money supply and interest rate and between money supply and price level. Despite better prediction power of VAR(2) in case of money supply, low correlation coefficient comprising variable money supply raises doubts about the factual existence of causality between money supply and other variables. However, both models allow forecasting the direction of change in case of variables interest rate and real GDP with the same success rate nearly 82 %. Both VARs also agreed that interest rate could be changed by change of price level and that interest rate could be changed by change of real GDP. These conclusions represent potential recommendations to macroeconomic policy authorities. For the purpose of further research, exchange rate variable will be included in the model instead of interest rate, because effect of interest rate turned out to be limited in times of weakened state of Czech economy. Keywords: Interest rate, price level, money supply, GDP, VAR, Granger causality Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 745-757 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020745 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020745.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020745.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0039.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020745 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Vaněk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: David Hampel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The Probability of Default Under IFRS 9: Multi-period Estimation and Macroeconomic Forecast Abstract: In this paper we propose a straightforward, flexible and intuitive computational framework for the multi-period probability of default estimation incorporating macroeconomic forecasts. The concept is based on Markov models, the estimated economic adjustment coefficient and the official economic forecasts of the Czech National Bank. The economic forecasts are taken into account in a separate step to better distinguish between idiosyncratic and systemic risk. This approach is also attractive from the interpretational point of view. The proposed framework can be used especially when calculating lifetime expected credit losses under IFRS 9. Keywords: credit risk, economic forecast, IFRS 9, Markov chains, probability of default Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 759-776 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765020759 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020759.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201765020759.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201702-0040.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2017065020759