Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law and Social Sciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivana Kuřítková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law and Social Sciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Certification of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Czech Republic Abstract: Corporate social responsibility is in the focus of many companies in recent years. It becomes a way of sustainability for many companies on the market. It expresses a voluntary commitment of companies to behave responsibly to their surroundings within three pillars: economic, social and environmental one. The issue of social responsibility is developing in many European countries and European Commission is aiming at support for national CSR strategies. There are countries with highly developed CSR, on the other hand there are countries, such as the Czech Republic, where a public policy is being reformed, including discussions about CSR. This paper supports the idea that states should encourage social responsibility, as it allows businesses to become sustainable which leads to the stability of the economy. CSR activities can be focused on philanthropy, the care of the employees, the environment and transparency of economic activities. The process of CSR certification is important in the development of CSR in the Czech Republic. It allows companies to demonstrate their activities and visible achievements in this field. This paper describes the most popular types of certifications that are used in the Czech Republic and standards that do not have certification purposes, but they are very important. These are standards SA 8000, ISO 26000, ISO 9001, ISO 9004, ISO 9000, ISO 14001, ISO 14004, OHSAS 18001, IQNet SR 10 and the National Quality Policy. Keywords: CSR, corporate social responsibility, certification, SA 8000, ISO 26000, ISO 9001, philanthropy Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 1933-1940 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071933 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071933.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071933.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061071933 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Atiya Aljbiri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, University of Tripoli, Faculty of Economics, Tripoli-Libya Title: Factors affecting Gumhouria Bank's profitability. Empirical evidence from biggest commercial bank in Libya Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting the profitability of (Gumhouria) bank in Libya, over the time period from 2000 to 2010. Return on equity (ROE) is used as profitability measures to determine the affect of internal and external factors on profitability. The descriptive, correlation and regression analysis results are derived with the help of SPSS. The results show that all factors (Portfolio Composition, Capital Adequacy, Deposits, Size, GDP, CPI), establish positive relation with profitability as measured by (ROE) in different significance. Keywords: bank profitability, Gumhouria Bank, capital adequacy, Return on Equity (ROE), Libya Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 1941-1949 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071941 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071941.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071941.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061071941 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohieddin Almanae Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Tripoli University, Gargash, P. O. Box. 5807 Tripoli, Libya Title: Performance and job satisfaction of employees as well as customers satisfaction affect by organizational environment - An applied study on Gumhouria bank, Libya Abstract: This study conducted on Gumhouria Bank and dealing with the role played by the organizational environment on performance and functional satisfaction of the employees. The relevant effect on the customer's satisfaction indicate that the various elements of the organizational environment have effect on the functional performance and satisfaction of the customers. For raising performance and achieving satisfaction of the employees and customers, elements should be taken into consideration and improvement thereof and solving the problems encountering them.The relationship between the organizational environment and the functional performance is progressive and positive. Whenever the organizational environment increases, the functional performance increases, which, in turn, affects the functional satisfaction degree with the employees.The results indicated effect of the organizational environment on the customer's satisfaction with the banking services provided. This may be resulting from the effect of organizational environment on the job performance and satisfaction (positive or negative) which, in turn led to achieving satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the customers. Keywords: performances, organizational environment, job satisfaction, customers satisfaction Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 1951-1956 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071951 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071951.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071951.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061071951 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariana Ambrožová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Corporate Economy, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej Částek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Corporate Economy, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Purchasing behavior of Fairtrade customers Abstract: The volume of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities is increasing worldwide; the European Union considers CSR to be one of the ways to achieve the most competitive economy and CSR awareness is also rising among companies in the Czech Republic, their customers, and the public. Bearing this in mind, Fairtrade goods, a subset of CSR and sustainable development, is an attractive step for vendors to take towards their customers. In this paper, we try to learn who the buyers of Fairtrade products are and what their motivation is in order to help Fairtrade dealers know their target group better, while at the same time helping expand this target group for organizations such as Fairtrade Czech Republic. We utilize an empirical survey and employ both univariate and bivariate statistical analyses (descriptives, associations, correlations) for this purpose. While some previous findings were confirmed, such as (the influence of age and education on Fairtrade purchasing behavior, moral principles and quality of the product being stated as the most important motives to buy Fairtrade products, the significance of the Fairtrade logo and certificate for the buyers' awareness) one was disproved. According to the gathered data, the economic situation of a household does not affect Fairtrade purchasing behavior. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, Fairtrade, political consumer, competitive advantage, buyers' motivation, buyers' behavior, empirical research Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 1957-1967 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071957 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071957.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071957.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061071957 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Břetislav Andrlík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Composition of motor vehicle fleet in the Czech Republic and the European Union Abstract: The contribution studies the composition of motor vehicle fleet in the Czech Republic. The current state of fleet is discussed and the age indicator of the respective categories of the Czech fleet is stressed. Average age of the categories of passenger cars, trucks, buses and motorcycles is identified using the results obtained through the analyses of numerical characteristics of the fleet. The article discusses passenger cars and trucks in more detail because these are the groups representing the largest proportions within the fleet in the Czech Republic. The evaluation of the Czech fleet is followed by the identification of key characteristics of fleets in the EU member states.In conclusion, the need for debate over this topic in the Czech Republic is stressed as well as the necessity of finding ways to decrease the average age of the Czech fleet in the view of negative environmental aspects related to its high average age. Keywords: road motor vehicle, fleet age, negative externality, Czech Republic Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 1969-1976 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071969 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071969.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071969.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061071969 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hans Guenther Barth Author-Workplace-Name: Lindenweg 9, 82205 Gilching, Deutschland Title: Income smoothing by valuation of repurchase obligations in the annual financial statements of car dealerships Abstract: This paper deals with the accounting patterns of German car dealerships in the period from 2006 to 2010. In connection with the brokerage of passenger car leases the car dealers and lessors agree on hedging the residual values of the lease car returns. Such hedging instruments require accounting for expected losses in case of impairment. The relation of total amount of outstanding repurchase obligations as of balance sheet date to balance sheet totals qualifies the related risk assessment of the hedging instrument to be an outstanding device for artificial income smoothing. Annual financial statements of 42 dealerships were analysed whether accounting for future losses from repurchase obligations is used for income smoothing purposes. The influence of changes in income tax rulings is taken into account. Keywords: car dealers, accounting for impairment, hedging instrument, income smoothing Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 1977-1983 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071977 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071977.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071977.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061071977 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcela Basovníková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Business Economic, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law and Social Sciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Vavřina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Economic performance of Czech business entities in the context of CSRs' implementation Abstract: The term responsible entrepreneurship refers to economic success of a business by the inclusion of social and environmental considerations into a company's operational processes. It satisfies customers' demands, whilst also managing the expectations of employees, suppliers and the surrounding community. In general, the term Social Corporate Responsibility means a positive contribution to society including management of enterprise's environmental impacts. The major determinants of the CSR values can be explored such as economic, cultural and leadership factors. Corporate Social Responsibility has been receiving increased attention also from bodies which give certification to companies with CSR in practice. There are different certificates which companies can apply for, if being "responsible", such as SA 8000, GRI, AA1000, IiP or ISO26000. The aim of this paper is to introduce various certificates, namely SA 8000 and look in details on economic data of 9 companies, chosen from 25 in the Czech Republic, which received this label.Both traditional and modern indicators for assessment of business entities' economic performance within the entity sample are employed as the inclusion of the economic factors on the CSR. Indices of credibility in order to evaluate the financial status of sample entities are utilised as well. The mentioned economic analysis is managed both in the period before the implementation of the certified CSR system and in the ex-post period. The results of economic analysis in the period before receiving the SA8000 certificate are evaluated using the mathematic-statistical methods to reveal development trend regarding their economic performance and to conduct comparison to respective industrial means. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, SA 8000, economic performance, financial crisis Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 1985-1994 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071985 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071985.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071985.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061071985 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav Belás Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Enterprise Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lubor Homolka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic Title: The development of customers' satisfaction in the banking sector of Slovakia in the turbulent economic environment Abstract: Satisfaction of bank's customers presents important area of building of long-term relationships with the client, which significantly determines the financial performance of commercial banks through successful business. Satisfied customer buy bank's products, is willing to pay also higher price for the product or service and represents some form of free advertising and considerable less effort, time and money needed for keep him, than to get a new one. This article presents current situation in the banking sector in Slovakia and quantifies changes in the area of customer satisfaction, which occurred during the financial and economic crisis. Customer satisfaction research has been conducted through a questionnaire survey. First research has been carried out on the first half of 2008 on the sample of 298 respondents, ie. the time before the financial crisis. In that time, the greatest satisfaction has been assigned to the availability of bank's products and services, and the greatest dissatisfaction has been expressed by respondents to the prices of banking products and services. In 2012, this research has been conducted on the sample of 320 respondents. The change of satisfaction factors, respectively dissatisfied bank's customers compared with 2008 has been investigated by standard statistical methods. Results of our research in 2012 showed satisfaction reduction of bank customers and also changes in respondents' preferences of the perception of satisfaction factors, respectively dissatisfaction in relation to commercial banks. Keywords: commercial banks, customers' satisfaction, attributes of customers' satisfaction and dissatisfaction, development of customers' satisfaction Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 1995-2003 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361071995 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071995.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361071995.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061071995 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karel Brychta Author-Workplace-Name: Departmernt of Finance, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effective tax rate for income from employment in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic - a comparative study Abstract: The objective of this paper is primarily to compare and describe the development of the effective tax rate (relative tax burden) on the taxpayer earning only income from employment and emoluments in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The reason for choosing this type of income has been its importance in terms of the volume of tax collection in the area of natural persons income tax in the Czech Republic. The actual comparison has been performed for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. In all cases, the legal status was considered that was valid and effective as of 31. 12. of particular year. Comparison of the effective tax rate was performed not only between the individual countries themselves, but also chronologically for individual countries (the Czech and Slovak Republics, respectively). After the general introduction, the relevant legislation as to incomes from employment and emoluments in both countries is explained. A separate chapter discusses the specification of the applied methodology, within which basic starting points and the simplifications applied are defined. Another part of the paper contains outputs from compiled mathematical models. These are presented in the form of graphic outputs and supplemented with commentary. Keywords: Czech and Slovak act on incomes taxes, effective tax rate (relative tax burden), employment and emoluments, natural persons Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2005-2020 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072005 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072005.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072005.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072005 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika Bumberová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vojtěch Koráb Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Empirical development taxonomy of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in South Moravian Region Abstract: This paper represents a pilot study examining entrepreneurial behavior patterns within the area of development of micro, small and medium-sized market active enterprises in South Moravian Region from the perspective of strategic management. The main aim of this article is to classify the enterprises by the character of development activities into relatively homogeneous groups and identify those activities that contribute to considerable differences between the individual groups. Empirical evidence is based on a quantitative survey in terms of a random choice of respondents obtained by means of an e-mail questionnaire. The major analytic procedure applied within this research comprises methods of Cluster Analysis and validation technique based on chi-square and G-square nonparametric tests for testing differences (independence) of variables between the clusters. By means of Cluster Analysis three relatively homogenous SME groups were identified. The first cluster, called "global", (approximately 6% of the respondents) prevails in most of the strategic development aspects of the researched enterprises. Global SMEs rely on development activities in the area of product innovations and risk diversification into other activities. In terms of changes in functional strategies this involves primarily the area of new technology and human resources development, and the ability to benefit from participation in networks of cooperating organizations. The second cluster, called "transition", (approximately 59% of the respondents) is developed mainly by means of investments in business specific knowledge, and/or in technical skills of their employees. They are more conservative in the area of product innovations and risk diversification into other activities, which is then reflected in a lower level of investments in technologies and marketing. In comparison with global enterprises the major difference lies in a much lower number of activities in the area of seeking cooperation with other enterprises. The third cluster, called "local", (approximately 35% of the respondents) chooses the way of product innovations whose supply is mostly composed of standardized products and services, especially in local or regional markets. Local enterprises, when compared to the former clusters, are typical for a lower level of business cooperation, and in fact for absence of utilizing the support programs. Keywords: micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, development strategies, cluster analysis, empirical taxonomy, South Moravian Region, quantitative research Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2021-2031 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072021 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072021.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072021.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072021 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr David Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan Křápek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Informatics, Private College of Economic Studies in Znojmo, Loucká 656/21, 669 02 Znojmo, Czech Republic Title: Older motor vehicles and other aspects within the proposal of environmental tax in the Czech Republic Abstract: The article deals with theoretical and practical aspects of introducing environmental road tax for motor vehicles registered in the Czech Republic. The article analyses requirements to be met by this type of tax and reviews its functions. Further it analyses practical aspects in the sense of existence of data that is needed for accomplishing the task to find an ideal form of environmental tax. Based on these foundations, the authors identified a suitable model of taxation of motor vehicles registered in 2000 and after. Another aim was finding proper variables as regards the need of calculation of theoretical emission data in motor vehicles registered in the Czech Republic before 2000. The proposed model is expected to use emission limits as declared in technical documentation of motor vehicles registered after 2000 and theoretical limits calculated by means of variables of engine capacity and time in older motor vehicles despite the fact that these variables provide explanation for the analysed emission effect just in case of 58% diesel engines, more precisely in case of 82% petrol engines. Keywords: road tax, engine capacity, fuel consumption, environmental tax Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2033-2043 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072033 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072033.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072033.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0011.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072033 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dita Dlabolová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Rybička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Study maps as a tool for the adaptive tests construction Abstract: Measurement of students' knowledge is an essential part of the educational process. Teachers on universities often use computer-based tests to testing a large number of students in a short time. The question is, what kind of information these tests provide, and if it is possible to classify students on this basis. Praxis shows that the scalar test results in the form of simple numbers cannot be plainly interpreted as the level of knowledge; moreover it is not easy to build such tests, which detect the necessary information. In the first part of the article we present the results of pedagogical experiment focused on the difference between information obtained through the computer-based test and a teacher's interview with the same students. Possible starting point to improve information from computer-based tests in non-scalar form is a construction of an adaptive test, adapting test items to identify knowledge similar to a conversation with a teacher. As a tool for the design of the adaptive tests we use so called study maps, which are described in the second part of the article. Keywords: adaptive testing, computer assisted testing, mind map, concept map, knowledge, study map, tests in higher education Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2045-2054 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072045 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072045.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072045.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0012.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072045 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zita Drábková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance and Accounting, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: The potential to reduce the risk of manipulation of financial statements using the identification models of creative accounting Abstract: Explanatory power of accounting information is the key question for deciding of users of financial statements. A whole range of economic indicators is available to the users of financial statements to measure the firm productivity. When the accounting statements (and applied methods) are manipulated, the economic indicators may reveal clearly different results. The users of financial statements should have the possibility to assess the risk of manipulation of accounting statements in time considering potential risk of accounting fraud. The aim of this paper was based on the synthesis of knowledge from the review of literature, the CFEBT model analysis and Beneish Model proposing a convenient model for identifying risks of manipulation of financial statements. The paper summarizes the outcomes of possibilities and limits of manipulated financial statements and their identification. The testing hypothesis is assessing whether there is a close relation of a loss and an increase in the cash flow in 3-5 years time; whether the sum of the amounts for 3-5 year's time would reveal the same results respectively. The hypothesis was verified on the accounting statements of the accounting entities of prepared case studies respecting the true and fair view of accounting based on Czech accounting standards. Keywords: creative accounting, fair and true view, detection of financial statements manipulation, Czech accounting standards Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2055-2063 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072055 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072055.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072055.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0013.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072055 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Drlík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Computer Science, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Anna Pilková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management of CU, Odbojarov 10, P.O.BOX 95, 820 05 Bratislava 25, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Michal Munk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Computer Science, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Peter Švec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Computer Science, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Modelling of domestic and foreign visitors' behaviour at commercial bank website during the recent financial crisis Abstract: The paper focuses on modelling of commercial bank website visitors' behaviour. The authors analyse domestic and foreign market participants' interests in mandatory financial information disclosure of a commercial bank during the recent financial crisis and try to answer the question whether the purposes of Basel 2 regulations under the Pillar 3 - Market discipline, publishing financial information, have been fulfilled. The authors analyse bank website logs files using web log mining methods to better understand the rate of using of web pages, where mandatory financial information about Basel 2 is published. After data pre-processing the authors use association rule analysis to identify the association among content categories of the website. The results show that there is small interest in mandatory financial information disclosure by the commercial bank in general. The foreign website visitors take more concern in mandatory financial information disclosure, and they take less interest in general information about bank than domestic ones. Keywords: Basel 2 Pillar 3, information disclosure, user behaviour modelling, web log mining, website analytics Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2065-2070 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072065 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072065.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072065.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0014.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072065 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Duda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lenka Žůrková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Costs of employee turnover Abstract: The aim of this paper is to establish a general methodology for calculating the costs incurred by employee turnover. This paper deals with identification of costs incurred by the departure of an employee, and does not deal with the cost of recruitment of a new employee. Economic calculations are adjusted to the tax policy in the Czech Republic. The costs of employee turnover (according to Bliss, 2012) include the costs of substitution of the unoccupied position, costs of conducting the exit interview and termination of the contract. The cost of an executive's time to understand the causes of leaving and costs of the leaving employee's training were also determined. Important factors in the costs of employee turnover also include the loss of knowledge and possibly also a loss of customers. Costs of lost employee and department productiveness represent an important part of the costs of employee turnover, as well. For all of these costs there have been proposed general calculations formulas. Keywords: Bliss, costs, employee turnover Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2071-2075 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072071 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072071.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072071.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0015.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072071 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Dudová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Law and Environment, Law Faculty, Masaryk University in Brno, Veveří 70, 611 80 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Duda Author-Workplace-Name: Department od Legal Theory, Law Faculty, Masaryk University in Brno, Veveří 70, 611 80 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The influence of environment and human rights in the business - the concept of public health - case study on noise pollution Abstract: With the competitive global environment raises the question of responsibility in business and maintaining certain legal standards and responsibilities of corporations. Especially discussed is the question of human rights and business impacts on the environment. These factors are surprisingly closely related. They meet in an area, which is referred as "public health". This concept is widely reflected both in the UN and in the legislation of many countries, but Czech legal arrangement is still not conceptually solved. However, in the debate about increasing corporate responsibility for their actions, we must take into account the protection of the health risk factors, respectively negative environmental effects. This right to public health is enforceable in a certain number of cases. It is therefore necessary to strictly distinguish some of the issues relating to liability for personal injury in the context of human rights. Problem is always to prove a causal nexus between the injury to health and adverse environmental impacts arising in connection with the business or operating a business. Keywords: public health, human rights, liability for noise in the environment, excessive noise pollution, public and private methods of regulation, legal enforceability Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2077-2083 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072077 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072077.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072077.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0016.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072077 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Dundelová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law and Social Sciences, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Issues of environmental (ir)responsibility Abstract: In this paper the author reflects the questions of humans' relationship to the environment and of their ecological behaviour that becomes together with the development of modern technologies increasingly relevant just as the question whether humans are able to affect fundamentally the environment on the Earth by their activities. According to some authors (e.g. Ehrlich, 1968; Gore, 2006; Wilson, 1995; Winter, Koger, 2009; Šmajs, 2005) human survival is directly connected with people's relationship to the nature; but other influential authors have contradictory opinions or they are at least afraid of overestimation of ecological activities that can lead to neglecting of other important problems (e.g. Simon, 1981; Goklany, 2007; Lomborg, 2007; Klaus, 2007, 2009).These issues are dealt in this article mainly from the perspective of psychological theories and concepts - the Freud's concept of unconsciousness is discussed as well as groupthink, theory of dissonance, contingency trap, Milgram's theory of autonomous and agentic state of consciousness, group and intergroup behaviour, social dilemma - tragedy of the commons.Achieving a sustainable way of life depends on the equilibrium between consumption of individuals and regenerative abilities of the natural environment. However, people still behave as if they were separated from the nature. The linking axis of this article is the question of psychic powers causing individual and collective ecological (ir)responsibility and the resulting consequences. Keywords: environmentalism, ecopsychology, paradigm, sustainable development, pseudo-ecology, global solution, responsibility Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2085-2092 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072085 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072085.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072085.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0017.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072085 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Duspivová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics, Department of management, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Růžena Krninská Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics, Department of management, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Human resources management within the process management in small and medium-sized enterprises Abstract: Sector of small and medium-sized enterprises is regarded as the backbone of the economy and a driving force of innovation, employment and social integration. Development of the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech Republic has a substantial impact on economic and social development of the country and its various regions. This article deals with the human resources management in small and medium-sized enterprises, because it is more than obvious recently that the prosperity of the organization is depended on human resources and management of them can determine not only whether the organizations succeed, but whether it will be able to survive in turbulent conditions in the present world. The main aim of this paper is to analytical describe the monitoring the process of human resources management in selected categories of enterprises by business activity and number of employees including statistical analysis of causal effects. Further to analytical describe the evaluation the process of human resources management and indicators of this process, which are monitored by small and medium-sized enterprises. To achieve this aim were used selected primary data collected in the project GAJU 068/2010/S titled "Process management and its possible implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises". Keywords: human resources management, process management, small and medium-sized enterprises Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2093-2098 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072093 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072093.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072093.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0018.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072093 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniela Dvořáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law and Social Sciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Lobbying in the European Union and the Czech Republic Abstract: Transparent lobbying is a natural and desirable part of the functioning of each democratic state. The paper analyzes the specific ways, perception and regulation of lobbying in the European Union and the Czech Republic. In the European Union it focuses mainly on two institutions which are under pressure of the lobbyists, the European Commission and the European Parliament. Furthermore, paper presents the situation in the perception and regulation of lobbying in the Czech Republic, and clarifies several unsucessful attempts to regulate lobbying. In conclusion paper compares specific lobbying environment and regulation in the European Union and the Czech Republic and formulates recommendations for the Czech lobbying practices. Keywords: lobbying, EU, European Commission, European Parliament, self-regulation, the European Transparency Initiative, The Czech Republic, anti-corruption strategy, corruption Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2099-2104 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072099 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072099.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072099.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0019.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072099 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Fejfar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatic, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Šťastný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatic, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Pokorný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatic, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Balej Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatic, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Zach Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatic, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of sound data streamed over the network Abstract: In this paper we inspect a difference between original sound recording and signal captured after streaming this original recording over a network loaded with a heavy traffic. There are several kinds of failures occurring in the captured recording caused by network congestion. We try to find a method how to evaluate correctness of streamed audio. Usually there are metrics based on a human perception of a signal such as "signal is clear, without audible failures", "signal is having some failures but it is understandable", or "signal is inarticulate". These approaches need to be statistically evaluated on a broad set of respondents, which is time and resource consuming. We try to propose some metrics based on signal properties allowing us to compare the original and captured recording. We use algorithm called Dynamic Time Warping (Müller, 2007) commonly used for time series comparison in this paper. Some other time series exploration approaches can be found in (Fejfar, 2011) and (Fejfar, 2012).The data was acquired in our network laboratory simulating network traffic by downloading files, streaming audio and video simultaneously. Our former experiment inspected Quality of Service (QoS) and its impact on failures of received audio data stream. This experiment is focused on the comparison of sound recordings rather than network mechanism.We focus, in this paper, on a real time audio stream such as a telephone call, where it is not possible to stream audio in advance to a "pool". Instead it is necessary to achieve as small delay as possible (between speaker voice recording and listener voice replay). We are using RTP protocol for streaming audio. Keywords: Dynamic Time Warping, sound signal processing Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2105-2110 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072105 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072105.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072105.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0020.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Foltýnek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Rybička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Training of academic writing: improving competitiveness of Czech universities Abstract: Project "Impact of Policies for Plagiarism in Higher Education across Europe" has reached its final phase. We have collected lots of data reflecting facts and opinions about plagiarism and related areas. Training of academic writing is one of important means for plagiarism prevention.The paper compares levels of training of academic writing between the Czech republic and the rest of Europe. The answers in a questionnaire survey dealing with plagiarism and training of academic writing will be compared and analysed. According to these answers, best practices in European higher education institutions will be identified, and gaps in the Czech institutions will be described. Removing gaps than poses a step to improve the competitiveness of the Czech higher education institutions. Keywords: plagiarism, academic writing, competitiveness of universities Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2111-2115 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072111 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072111.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072111.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0021.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Gál Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, P.O. Box 95, 820 05 Bratislava 25, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Miloš Mrva Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, P.O. Box 95, 820 05 Bratislava 25, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Matej Meško Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, P.O. Box 95, 820 05 Bratislava 25, Slovak Republic Title: Heuristics, biases and traps in managerial decision making Abstract: The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the impact of heuristics, biases and psychological traps on the decision making. Heuristics are unconscious routines people use to cope with the complexity inherent in most decision situations. They serve as mental shortcuts that help people to simplify and structure the information encountered in the world. These heuristics could be quite useful in some situations, while in others they can lead to severe and systematic errors, based on significant deviations from the fundamental principles of statistics, probability and sound judgment. This paper focuses on illustrating the existence of the anchoring, availability, and representativeness heuristics, originally described by Tversky & Kahneman in the early 1970's. The anchoring heuristic is a tendency to focus on the initial information, estimate or perception (even random or irrelevant number) as a starting point. People tend to give disproportionate weight to the initial information they receive. The availability heuristic explains why highly imaginable or vivid information have a disproportionate effect on people's decisions. The representativeness heuristic causes that people rely on highly specific scenarios, ignore base rates, draw conclusions based on small samples and neglect scope. Mentioned phenomena are illustrated and supported by evidence based on the statistical analysis of the results of a questionnaire. Keywords: managerial decision making, heuristics, anchoring heuristics, availability heuristics, representativeness heuristics Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2117-2122 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072117 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072117.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072117.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0022.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Gláserová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Vávrová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Accounting and tax implications of the creation and use of technical provisions of commercial insurance companies Abstract: Entities such as commercial insurance companies are obliged to create technical provisions in order to fulfill their activities. Technical provisions are used to cover liabilities of commercial insurance companies arising from insurance and reinsurance activities. The principal aim of this paper is to determine the impact of the creation and use of technical provisions for some important items of the financial statements, which are liabilities, a balance sheet, profit and an income tax base. A prerequisite to fulfill the objective of the paper is to analyze the accounting legislation for technical provisions in an insurance company. The intention of the presented paper can be divided according to its conception into two parts. The first part of the paper is devoted to methodological aspects in relation to the general definition of the accounting principles and their importance in the accounting of commercial insurance companies. The second part deals with the methodological procedure of the accounting of the creation and use of technical provisions and the specifics of how they are reported in the financial statements of commercial insurers. Conclusions of the paper show contemporary issues in the analyzed area in the context of the financial crisis. Keywords: accounting, commercial insurance company, technical provision, accounting relationship, precautionary principle, financial statements Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2123-2131 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072123 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072123.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072123.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0023.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloš Grásgruber Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milena Otavová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Semerád Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Impacts of the application of the reverse charge mechanism of the value added tax Abstract: Reverse charge mechanism is considered to be a specific mechanism when applying the value added tax. The liability to declare and pay the output tax is transferred to the recipient of the fulfillment within the reverse charge mechanism. Since Apri1 1, 2011 there has been extended the application of the reverse charge mechanism to the domestic (home) fulfillments and since this date the mechanism has been applied to the delivery of slag, waste and metal scrap, defined in the Annex 5 and to the trading with the greenhouse gas emissions allowances. Since January 1, 2012 the reverse charge mechanism has been applied also for construction and assembly works which leads to a significant extension of VAT payers which this provision may affect. The paper will evaluate the impacts of the application of the reverse charge mechanism to the provider and the recipient of the taxable fulfillments, mainly for the construction works. There will be evaluated also the impacts of the administrative burden related to the evidence of the reverse charge mechanism for the tax entity and also for the tax administrator. Keywords: value added tax, reverse charge mechanism, construction works, VAT payer, person liable to tax, tax evasion Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2133-2141 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072133 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072133.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072133.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0024.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Grebeníček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Regional Development, Public Sector Administration and Law, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic Author-Name: Oldřich Hájek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Regional Development, Public Sector Administration and Law, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lenka Smékalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Regional Development, Public Sector Administration and Law, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lukáš Danko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Regional Development, Public Sector Administration and Law, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic Title: Support of business and innovations in strategic planning of regional development on the municipal level of the Czech Republic Abstract: The article deals with a strategic planning of the regional development on the municipal level of the Czech Republic with a focus on the theme of business and innovations support. The main aim of this paper is to explore and compare 13 regional capital's approach to the issue of business and innovations support based on information provided in the basic strategic documents. The results of the analysis show that the topic of the business and innovations support occurs in all reviewed documents. However, several partial imperfections of analysed documents were also identified. The paper also fulfilled the secondary objective of assessing the strength of links between the processes of strategic planning of regional development, and the processes of budgeting in the thematic area of business and innovations support. Keywords: business and innovations support, strategic planning, regional development, municipalities, regional capitals, Czech Republic, strategic documents Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2143-2149 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072143 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072143.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072143.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0025.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ladislava Grochová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Střelec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Heteroskedasticity, temporal and spatial correlation matter Abstract: As economic time series or cross sectional data are typically affected by serial correlation and/or heteroskedasticity of unknown form, panel data typically contains some form of heteroskedasticity, serial correlation and/or spatial correlation. Therefore, robust inference in the presence of heteroskedasticity and spatial dependence is an important problem in spatial data analysis. In this paper we study the standard errors based on the HAC of cross-section averages that follows Vogelsang's (2012) fixed-b asymptotic theory, i.e. we continue with Driscoll and Kraay approach (1998). The Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the finite sample properties of commonly used estimators both not accounting and accounting for heteroskedasticity and spatiotemporal dependence (OLS, GLS) in comparison to brand new estimator based on Vogelsang's (2012) fixed-b asymptotic theory in the presence of cross-sectional heteroskedasticity and serial and spatial correlation in panel data with fixed effects. Our Monte Carlo experiment shows that the OLS exhibits an important downward bias in all of the cases and almost always has the worst performance when compared to the other estimators. The GLS corrected for HACSC performs well if time dimension is greater than cross-sectional dimension. The best performance can be attributed to the Vogelsang's estimator with fixed-b version of Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. Keywords: heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, spatial correlation, Monte Carlo simulation, panel data, HAC estimator Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2151-2155 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072151 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072151.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072151.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0026.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pankaj Kumar Gupta Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Management Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi (India) Author-Name: Jasjit Bhatia Author-Workplace-Name: Research Scholar, Centre for Management Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi (India) Title: Investment sensitivity and managerial decision making behaviour of Indian firms Abstract: Contemporary models of the financial theory support the proposition that the stock prices should be fundamentally a reflection of the discounted value of earnings. Accordingly the investors and analysts should base their expectations on the expected future cash flows that are logically correlated or have a carry over effect vis-à-vis present stream of cash flows. This logically implies that the managers would have an incentive to manipulate investor's expectation of future cash flows. The zeal to maximize the firm's value based on market capitalization is expected to have a detrimental effect on the investment decisions leading to sub optimality. Given the imperfect information structure and market pressures, the Indian firms suffer from mispricing and as such the conventional robust theoretical models of agency conflicts cannot be refuted.This motivates us to examine the interrelation ship between the concerns for valuation and investment sensitivity. We use a sample statistics of selected listed firms that represent the CNX Nifty Index and test for the dependence of the investment behavior of the firm, on the sensitivity of the firms' share prices to its current cash flow represented by surprise earings. We use the earnings response coefficient (ERC) framework proposed by Ball and Brown (1968) for 11 key industries in India. We find that the surpise in accounting earnings announcements is negatively associated with abnormal stock returns and the investment decisions taken by the firms are negatively sensitive to changes in investment opportunities. Keywords: investment behavior, earnings response coefficient, imperfect information, investment sensitivity Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2157-2162 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072157 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072157.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072157.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0027.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvie Gurská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Adriana Válová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Corporate social responsibility in mining industry Abstract: This paper focuses on the comparison of corporate social responsibility in mining industry. It compares specific territorial areas of two different countries - one of them country that could be called as semi-periphery or even core country and the second one a periphery country. The first one is Czech Republic (Northern Bohemia area) and the second one is Zambia (Copperbelt area). CSR activities in Copperbelt have played primarily an ameliorative role in the context of significant social disruption and uncertainty in the wake of privatization. Some experts say there are still important gaps between mining companies' CSR activities, on the one hand, and accountability and fairness, on the other. The CSR concept is relatively new in the Czech Republic - but more and more discussed and interesting for many firms. The Czech company "Severočeské doly" was one of the finalists of the national round of the competition "The European Corporate (Social) Responsibility Award" in 2007. The aim of this paper is to find the opportunities the companies working in this industry use, and how the system of CSR is developed. It analysis the areas they concentrate on in their CSR activities and compares it with theoretical concept. The comparison is based on secondary data as well as on personal experience of visiting both of these areas and companies. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, mining industry, triple bottom line Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2163-2170 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072163 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072163.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072163.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0028.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Hřebíček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Oldřich Trenz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eliška Vernerová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Optimal set of agri-environmental indicators for the agricultural sector of Czech Republic Abstract: Current trends of agri-environmental indicators evaluation (i.e., the measurement of environmental performance) and farm reporting are discussed in the paper focusing on the agriculture sector. From the perspective of agricultural policy, there are two broad decisions to make: which indicators to recommend and promote to farmers, and which indicators to collect to assist in agriculture policy-making. We introduce several general approaches for indicators to collect to assist in policy-making (European Union, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) in the first part of our paper and given the differences in decision-making problems faced by these sets of decision makers. We continue in the second part of the paper with a proposal of indicators to recommend and promote to farmers in the Czech Republic. Keywords: agri-environmental indicators, corporate performance, economic indicators, social indicators, governance indicator Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2171-2181 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072171 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072171.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072171.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0029.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pathirawasam Chandrapala Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka Author-Name: Adriana Knápková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic Title: Firm-specific factors and financial performance of firms in the Czech Republic Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the role of internal factors in generating financial performance of firms in the Czech Republic. The paper examines the impact of firm specific factors on company financial performance of 974 firms in the Czech Republic over the period 2005 to 2008, using data in the Albertina database. Pooled and panel cross-sectional time series techniques are used for the data analysis. Return on Assets (ROA) is the dependent variable of the model and eight firm specific factors are introduced as the explanatory variables. Using Return on Assets as the dependent variable, it is established that the firm size, sales growth and capital turnover are having significant positive impact on financial performance of firms. At the same time, debt ratio and inventory reflect significant negative impact on financial performance of firms. Overall explanatory powers of the two models are low and further research is necessary to increase the statistical power of the model. The results from the present study may be very encouraging and useful for managers as well as investors to plan investment and operational activities to achieve profitability objectives more efficiently and effectively. The findings have important managerial implications. Keywords: financial performance, Czech Republic, return on assets (ROA), firm specific factors Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2183-2190 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072183 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072183.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072183.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0030.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monika Chobotová Author-Workplace-Name: Department Business and Administration, Silesia university in Opava, School of Business Administration in Karviná, Univerzitní náměstí 1934/3, 733 40 Karviná, Czech Republic Title: Using of dynamic strategy model in innovation process Abstract: This paper incorporates a new scenario method which can use for formulate innovation strategy. The purpose of scenario is not to identify the most likely future, but to create a map of uncertainty - to acknowledge and examine the visible and hidden forces that directed toward the unknown future of a firm. Scenarios are used for capture a range of possibilities, good and bad, expected and surprising. They are designed to stretch our thinking about emerging changes and the opportunities and threats that may occur in the future. Scenario allows us to weigh our choices more carefully when making short-term and long-term strategic decisions. Keywords: strategy, innovation process, dynamic strategy, scenario Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2191-2196 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072191 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072191.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072191.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0031.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zuzana Chvátalová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Iveta Šimberová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Management, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of ESG indicators for measuring enterprise performance Abstract: In this article authors focus on the analysis of the whole set of environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) indicators for the elimination of double or triple effects within the next construction of methods for measuring corporate performance. They build on their previously published results (in Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012). The partial actual selected results of a recently undertaken currently project entitled 'Construction of Methods for Multifactorial Assessment of Company Complex Performance in Selected Sectors' were used. This project was solved the research teams of the Faculty of Business and Management of Brno University Technology and Faculty of Business and Economics of Mendel University in Brno since 2011. Further theoretical resources in the environmental, social and corporate governance area, known indicator databases (namely Global Reporting Initiative), comparative analysis, resp. syntheses for identifying possible of common indicator properties were identified to classify indicator subsets to preclude double or even triple effect based on mathematical set theory (Venn diagrams). The indicator analysis in constructed multi-factorial methods contributes to precise decision making in management to improve corporate performance. Keywords: double or triple effect, environmental, social and corporate governance indicators, gross domestic product, corporate performance, project, Venn diagram Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2197-2204 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072197 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072197.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072197.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0032.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika Jadczaková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Demography and Applied Statistics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Responsiveness of culture-based segmentation of organizational buyers Abstract: Much published work over the four decades has acknowledged market segmentation in business-to-business settings yet primarily focusing on observable segmentation bases such as firmographics or geographics. However, such bases were proved to have a weak predictive validity with respect to industrial buying behavior. Therefore, this paper attempts to add a debate to this topic by introducing new (unobservable) segmentation base incorporating several facets of business culture, denoted as psychographics. The justification for this approach is that the business culture captures the collective mindset of an organization and thus enables marketers to target the organization as a whole. Given the hypothesis that culture has a merit for micro-segmentation a sample of 278 manufacturing firms was first subjected to principal component analysis and Varimax to reveal underlying cultural traits. In next step, cluster analysis was performed on retained factors to construct business profiles. Finally, non-parametric one-way analysis of variance confirmed discriminative power between profiles based on psychographics in terms of industrial buying behavior. Owing to this, business culture may assist marketers when targeting more effectively than some traditional approaches. Keywords: B2B marketing, business culture, segmentation, psychographics, multivariate statistical techniques Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2205-2212 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072205 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072205.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072205.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0033.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert Jahoda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Public Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Godarová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Public Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Family policy in the Czech Republic: Redistribution of wealth through the child tax bonus Abstract: Families with children are traditionally the target group of the social system in developed countries. This paper deals with one component of family policy in the Czech Republic, which is household entitlement. The main focus is on the child tax bonus (hereafter CTB). The paper is divided into descriptive and methodological-analytical parts. The descriptive section provides basic information about the beneficiaries of CTB. In the latter section we formulate research questions about the impacts and effects of CTB. We discover that the influence of tax instruments has grown in recent years. The amount of the tax bonus for children exceeded CZK 3 billion in 2009, with almost 22% of all households with children eligible. Although CTB is income-tested, its redistributive impact is rather small - approximately 80% of recipients cannot be considered as poor. Outcomes from our microsimulation model reveal that 82 to 86% households with CTB were at the same time modelled as eligible and therefore we can use microsimulation techniques for future analyses of policy change. Keywords: family policy, child allowance, tax credit, child tax bonus, incentives, redistribution, microsimulation Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2213-2220 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072213 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072213.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072213.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0034.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martina Janková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Informatics, Brno University of Technology FBM, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Veronika Novotná Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Informatics, Brno University of Technology FBM, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tereza Varyšová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Informatics, Brno University of Technology FBM, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Functions of several variables analysis applied in inventory management Abstract: In many cases a retailer is not capable of settling an invoice immediately upon receiving it and is given an option by the supplier to settle the invoice within a definite period. The retailer can sell the goods before the deadline, accumulate revenue and earn interest. If the retailer is not able to meet his obligations within the deadline, he is charged an interest. This paper introduces a newly constructed model which enables a retailer to set an optimal price of goods under permissible delay in payments, and to determine the maximum term of payment. The model is based on the assumption of time-dependent demand and has been developed for non-deteriorating goods. The paper further analyzes a situation in which the retailer sell all the goods in time, and a situation in which the deadline was not met. Theoretical results are demonstrated by an illustrative example.The authors of the paper used methods of analysis and synthesis, and the method of mathematical analysis (differential calculus of multivariable functions, solution of ordinary differential equations).The model suggested in the paper can be expanded in the future. One option is generalization of the model, allowing for the lack of goods, bulk discounts, etc. Keywords: inventory management, EOQ model, non-deteriorating goods, local extremes, multivariable functions Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2221-2227 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072221 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072221.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072221.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0035.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Jeřábek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of economy and management, College of Business and Hotel Management. Bosonožská 9, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jakub Trojan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University. Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radka Šperková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of economy and management, College of Business and Hotel Management. Bosonožská 9, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Predictive performance of DSGE model for small open economy - the case study of Czech Republic Abstract: Multivariate time series forecasting is applied in a wide range of economic activities related to regional competitiveness and is the basis of almost all macroeconomic analysis. From the point of view of political practice is appropriate to seek a model that reached a quality prediction performance for all the variables. As monitored variables were used GDP growth, inflation and interest rates. The paper focuses on performance prediction evaluation of the small open economy New Keynesian DSGE model for the Czech republic, where Bayesian method are used for their parameters estimation, against different types of Bayesian and naive random walk model. The performance of models is identified using historical dates including domestic economy and foreign economy, which is represented by countries of the Eurozone. The results indicate that the DSGE model generates estimates that are competitive with other models used in this paper. Keywords: GDP growth, inflation, interest rates, DSGE, DSGE-VAR, Log predictive density score, Bayesian averaging model Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2229-2238 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072229 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072229.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072229.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0036.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Jindrová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Composite indicator in evaluation of the regional disparities in quality of life in the Czech Republic Abstract: Differences in quality of life and in the conditions for life between regions are affected by many factors that can be described by many partial indicators. The paper has in principle been aimed at quantification and a complex assessment of the positions of districts as seen from the viewpoint of a composite indicator. The composite indicator was designed and computed based on a wide spectrum of partial indicators describing regional disparities in the conditions for life of CR population. Computations were done based on data from the CR districts as administered according to the 2010 state of territorial distribution of the Republic. Various ways of design of composite indicators bring along plenty of discussion. A design of one dimensionless aggregated indicator always is based on an intuitive approach of the researcher and it brings about a lot of advantages as well as disadvantages. The main positive property is considered to be the chance of a fast and clear comparison of the areas under study. The disadvantages of the aggregated expression of quality of life as based on one only indicator arise from the great simplification of reality and the omission of differences between partial facts under study. The conclusions of the paper will be aimed at the design of a composite measure to be employed in complex analysis of the quality of life key indicators' mutual interactions. The conclusions' presentation will be done using cartographic maps offering a suitable device for visual overview of the disparities discovered. Keywords: quality of life, GDP, district, composite indicator, point method, cartographic map, SPSS Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2239-2248 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072239 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072239.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072239.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0037.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radek Jurčík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law and Social Sciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Collaborative defence procurement in the European Union and in the Czech Republic - business principle leading more effectiveness of public expenditure in the field of defence Abstract: This article deals with collaborative defence procurement, including critically analyses subjects (agencies) performing defence procurement. In relation to defence procurement author analyses the political, economic and legal context of collaborative defence procurement in the EU and the applicability of EU law (procurement rules) and Czech procurement rule, focussing on opportunities for firms (enterprises). Further, author analyses international organisations and agencies in the field of defence procurement, like OCCAR, NAMSO and EDA. It means the Joint Organisation for Armaments Cooperation, the NATO Maintenance and Supply Organisation (NAMSO) and the European Defence Agency. There is topical theme relating some army controversial tenders in the Czech Republic. Recommendations towards to improve the applicable law are including also. Keywords: public administration, efficient of public expenditures, collaborative defence procurement, European Union, Joint Organisation for Armaments Cooperation (OCCAR), NATO Maintenance and Supply Organisation (NAMSO), European Defence Agency (EDA), NATO, economic competition Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2249-2253 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072249 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072249.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072249.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0038.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jitka Kalábová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Stanislav Mokrý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Turčínková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Regional differences of consumer preferences when shopping for regional products Abstract: This paper presents partial results of a research on consumer preferences when shopping for groceries. It is focused on regional products and consumer preferences in relation to the country of origin of food products. The main objective of this paper is to find the existence of spatial relationships between spatial deployment of regional products and consumer preferences for regional products. It will be necessary to create a data model for monitoring the deployment of regional products and also a data model for tracking important indicators of consumer behavior in all regions of the Czech Republic. The results are based on questionnaire survey that was conducted within the period from October 2010 to January 2011 on a sample of 3767 respondents from the Czech Republic, via both online questionnaires and their printed version. For the data collection the questionnaire system ReLa, developed by the Department of Marketing and Trade at Faculty of Business and Economics at Mendel University in Brno, was used. Data was processed with statistical software STATISTICA (ver. 10). Spatial visualisation was processed with GIS software ArcGIS (ver. 10.1). Preferences for food of Czech origin were analysed in relation to identification criteria. The research results show that the origin of food has an important role in consumer purchase decision-making. There is no significant difference in importance of this factor based on gender of consumers, however, we could prove moderate dependence on respondent's occupation, education and age. We could also experience regional differences in levels of preferences of local products or products of Czech origin in regard of 14 regions of the Czech Republic. χ2 (N = 3767) = 245.25; p < 0.001. Value of Pearson's coefficient of contingency is 0.334. Keywords: consumer behavior, Czech Republic, region, regional products, local food Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2255-2259 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072255 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072255.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072255.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0039.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Věra Kalvodová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, Masaryk University, Veveří 70, 618 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Legal entities and criminal law - principles of sanctioning Abstract: The article deals with the issue of sanctioning of legal entities in connection with corporate criminal liability introduced after 1 January 2012. It provides a characterization of the sanctioning system provided for under the Act No. 418/2011 Coll. on the Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and on Proceedings against Them, and deals with the crucial principles governing the imposition of punishments and the protective measure. It further discusses the modifications of the sanctions with respect to legal entities, mainly as regards the principles of legality, purposefulness, adequacy, personality and subsidiarity of criminal repression. Keywords: legal entities, criminal liability, corporate liability, sanctioning, punishments, protective measures, fundamental principles Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2261-2268 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072261 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072261.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072261.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0040.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juraj Kapasný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Řezáč Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Three-way ROC analysis using SAS Software Abstract: The most commonly used measure of model accuracy in medicine with three categories of target variable is the volume under ROC surface (VUS), which is the extension of the area under curve (AUC) for binary models (Le and Lili, 2013). This paper deals primarily with usage of the multinomial logistic regression and the three-way ROC analysis in the financial sector, especially in the credit risk management. Moreover, SAS system is very often used software in the financial sector. Therefore this paper is focused on ways of doing three-way ROC analysis in this statistical software, in particular on estimating the VUS.We propose an estimate of the VUS based on the confusion matrix, which is compared to estimates based on Mann-Whitney statistic and on empirical distribution functions. We developed three SAS macros based on these approaches for computing the VUS. Furthermore, we developed some logistic models for three-value target variable based on the Loss Given Default (LGD). This was done on real financial data. Results obtained by the SAS macros on these models are presented a discussed in the paper. Keywords: multinomial logistic regression, LGD, Three-way ROC analysis, ROC surface, VUS, SAS Software Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2269-2275 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072269 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072269.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072269.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0041.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hana Kelblová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law and Social Sciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Right to privacy and some methods of direct marketing Abstract: Promotion constitutes part of the marketing mix which consists of advertising, sales support, public relations, personal sale and direct marketing. It may be stated that the law delimits boundaries to all these elements of the communication mix. In the following contribution I will only focus on some methods of direct marketing and I intend to investigate the "purposeful appeal to purchase and consumer behaviour of clients" as viewed by the present Czech law. These communications often disturb the privacy of individuals, harass in an inappropriate time, marketing companies often illegally collect and share customers' personal information. My target is to list legal limits instituted in the sphere of direct marketing for the individual marketing practices by the Czech law. Keywords: direct marketing, Czech law, spams, unsolicited advertising Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2277-2283 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072277 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072277.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072277.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0042.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alena Klapalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Corporate Economy, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Reverse logistics policy - differences between conservative and innovative reverse logistics management Abstract: One of the of the key barriers that hampers effective and efficient management of reverse flows detected within a number of empirical surveys and case studies focused on reverse logistics and/or return management is business (organisational) policy, specifically lack of policy, deficiency in existing policy or inferior policy. Despite this fact, there is a gap in literature which would show some evidence from practice that innovative reverse logistics policy both can pay off and is associated with certain aspects of reverse logistics management. Such proof can have several implications. It can support the call for better understanding and more research of the linkages of reverse logistics with other corporate functions, promote the acceptation of strategic character of reverse logistics and stress the role of RL policy within the rest of overall corporate management.The aim of this paper is to contribute and to enrich the existing body of knowledge concerning the above-mentioned gap through presentation of survey results that was realized in 2012 among managers of 244 Czech firms. The results demonstrate the statistically significant association between the innovativeness of RL policy and profitability of firms, quality of RL planning, perception of RL importance, level of RL knowledge and perception of product innovation importance for firms' competitiveness and frequency of product innovation. They also reveal statistically significant differences between firms with conservative and innovative RL policy and the perceived existence of some barriers to manage RL. Keywords: reverse logistics, reverse flows, policy, performance outcomes, performance measurement, planning, product innovation, knowledge of reverse logistics, barriers Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2285-2294 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072285 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072285.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072285.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0043.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslava Klegová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivana Rábová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Enterprise content management in the cloud Abstract: At present the attention of many organizations concentrates to the Enterprise Content Management system (ECM). Unstructured content grows exponentially, and Enterprise Content Management system helps to capture, store, manage, integrate and deliver all forms of content across the company. Today, decision makers have possibility to move ECM systems to the cloud and take advantages of cloud computing. Cloud solution can provide a crucial competitive advantage. For example, it can reduce fixed IT department cost and ensure faster ECM implementation.To achieve the maximum level of benefits from implementation of ECM in the cloud it is important to understand all possibilities and actions during the implementation. In this paper, the general model of the ECM implementation in the cloud is proposed and described.The risk may relate to all aspects of the implementation, such as cost, schedule or quality. This is the reason why the introduced model places emphasize on risk. The aim of the article is to identify risks of the ECM implementation in the cloud and quantify the impact of risk. The article is focused on the Monte Carlo method. Monte Carlo method is a technique that uses random numbers and probability to solve problems. Based on interviews with an IT managers there is created an example of possible scenarios and the risk is evaluated using the Monte Carlo method. Keywords: ECM, cloud, risk, Monte Carlo Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2295-2301 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072295 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072295.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072295.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0044.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Václav Klepáč Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Kříž Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: David Hampel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Real options analysis in the engineering company practice Abstract: In this paper, we deal with the real options analysis of selected investment projects. This approach is supplemented and compared to calculations of the net present value (NPV). Two research problems are analyzed: acquisition of the simulation software for the foundry industry in the sense of the expansive options and options on leaving the project in the case of acquisition of the spectrometer. For the option valuation, there were used analytical and numerical methods like the Black-Scholes model, binomial model and Monte Carlo simulations. In the case of binomial pricing model we used modification describing the behavior of the project's cash-flow (CF) due to capacity of the company, path-dependent addiction and embedded option barrier. To extend the application of the real options analysis, we propose procedures for sensitivity analysis and option pricing based on Monte Carlo simulations for particular case of stochastic volatility. Keywords: Binomial lattice model, Monte Carlo simulation, net present value, real options analysis Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2303-2309 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072303 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072303.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072303.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0045.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Kolman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Zach Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Holoubek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The development of e-learning applications solving problems from graph theory Abstract: Authors are in long term developing e-learning supports for some parts of Operation Research course. The original purpose was to prepare e-learning supports for students of FBE Mendelu, mainly for part-time form students, who have subscribed Economic mathematical methods course (EMM). Considering decreasing number of lessons on part-time form of study (16 hours in a semester, in comparison to 56 hours in full-time form of study), was for part-time form students even more difficult to fulfill exam requirements. As a help for students there was stage by stage prepared several of programs, they allow self-contained practicing of some linear programming methods. Programs did allow to users step-by-step verify their solution, i.e. whether their calculation are in accordance with algorithm described in lectures. Advantage for the students consists in fact, that each mistake (numerical or algorithmic) they were able to uncover, what contributes to increase of self-study effectiveness and from that resulting higher study motivation. Resulting from existing experience, authors decided to request for a new FRVŠ grant for academic year 2012, focused on e-learning support of selected graph theory problems. Within this project there was developed a tool allowing to make and according to the user needs interactively modify created graphs. On this graph it is possible individually, step by step (in compliance with on lectures presented algorithm) to practice solving of selected graph theory and network analysis problems (e.g. minimal spanning tree, shortest path in a graph, testing for cycles in a graph, critical path method etc.). Project is realized as modular and was realized in Delphi developing tool. Described algorithms are saved in dynamic linked libraries. There for it is very easy to add here new (newly programmed) algorithms. Project results (i.e. project experience obtained from e-learning supports) will be available for all FBE Mendelu members interested in this problematic. Keywords: graph theory, optimization, operations research, Delphi Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2311-2316 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072311 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072311.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072311.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0046.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Kopta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Finances, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Impact of the structure of agricultural production to the financial health of farms Abstract: The first part of the paper deals with the influence of individual commodities on the profitability and risks of farms. Production structure was given thought share of twelve basic crops in total agricultural production yield. Volume of accumulated profit for five-year income was chosen as viability criterion. The research did not show that specialization in one of the commodities had significantly influenced achieved profitability. The only exception is the production of milk, which clearly lead to lower profitability. Production structure determined the risk of farms. Farms were constantly threatened by both negative profitability, and also steep fluctuations of cash flow (in other of long-term positive profitability), leading to temporary loss of solvency. The analysis showed that different types of production structures lead to different types of threats. The probability of falling into production losses, or that the loss is so great that not even cover variable costs (a farm finds itself under the point of termination of production) was calculated using the EaR method. The results again supported previous findings. Loss is highly likely to be achieved in commodities of animal production. For commodities of crop production the probability of loss was roughly a half, but the probability of exceeding a period of variable costs is higher. Keywords: financial health, risk, profitability, structure of production, agricultural firms Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2317-2325 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072317 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072317.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072317.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0047.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luděk Kouba Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ladislava Grochová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The European welfare state from the prospect of new EU member states Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss the heterogeneity level between the old and new EU member states in terms of welfare state development. In order to discuss the research questions, we performed the cluster analysis that provides the overall survey of the welfare state development and besides that, the results were divided into four dimensions: demographic, economic, institutional and social. In comparison with the thematic literature, we modified the dimensions, including our original institutional dimension, and added a dynamic point of view. The cluster analysis resulted in the existence of three clusters: Core cluster, Periphery cluster and Eastern cluster. The Eastern cluster is still relatively stable and covers in a total of nine of the ten Central and Eastern European countries that were included in the analysis: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia (hence apart from Slovenia). On the other hand, using the dimensional approach, the CEE countries were grouped together with the old EU member countries, both from the Core cluster and from the Periphery cluster, within the economic and institutional dimensions. Therefore, we conclude that the new EU member countries, nowadays, do not form an internally homogenous group in terms of the features of their welfare state. Keywords: welfare state, CEE countries, new EU member states, cluster analysis Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2327-2335 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072327 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072327.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072327.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0048.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072327 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Koubek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: David Procházka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Šťastný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Augmented reality services Abstract: We assume that one of the key reasons is in the difference between a standalone application and a web service. Both architectures have some advantages and disadvantages. The Standalone application (e.g. Nokia/OVI Maps) provides the required functionality. From the user point of view, main asset of this "offline" approach is network connectivity independence. However, this kind of applications must be upgraded manually. Moreover, it is hard to get any data about the application usage because it requires additional actions from the user - data are usually acquired through conventional ways, such as email or web forms.The online service such as Google Maps (including its mobile application) can offer the same functionality as the offline application. Nevertheless, a permanent connection to provider servers is necessary. This can be taken as a drawback. On the other hand, usage data collection is easier and can be done without the user intervention. The data collection provides a valuable analysis basis of the user habits and needs. This analysis is necessary for design of a complex "user" based solutions such as Google Now.Augmented reality applications are usually based on the first mentioned approach. In this article, we describe our model of augmented reality as a service and compare its features with standalone solutions. Further, other important key aspects for large emergence of augmented reality services in a mainstream market are discussed. Keywords: augmented reality, location based services, server client Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2337-2342 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072337 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072337.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072337.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0049.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dagmar Kozelová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, 949 76, Slovakia Author-Name: Martina Fikselová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, 949 76, Slovakia Author-Name: Vladimír Vietoris Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Storage and Processing, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: Peter Czako Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Storage and Processing, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia Title: Analysis of the Slovak consumer behaviour regarding the organic food purchase Abstract: The aim of this work was to determine whether Slovak consumers buy organic food, to analyze the frequency of organic food shopping and to examine the monthly expenditure of organic food. Questionnaire survey involved 271 respondents. The hierarchical multiple factor analysis was used for the segregation and classification of consumers into representative groups. The group of respondents was based on algorithms divided into three groups. The first group consists of those respondents who do not buy organic food. In the second group of respondents, prevalent was occasional purchase of organic food. Prevailing monthly expenditure on buying organic food is the amount of 10-15 euros. The third group of respondents does weekly shopping of organic foods, these foods make costs mostly 15 to 20 euros per month. Keywords: organic product, shopping behaviour, frequency of shopping, expenses, Slovakia Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2343-2350 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072343 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072343.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072343.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0050.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072343 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martina Krásnická Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Legal and economic aspects of deeper EU integration in the Czech Republic Abstract: The deeper economic integration in form of fiscal union, bank union, or increased macroeconomic surveillance is for the Czech Republic not only the question of whether and when to enter the euro zone, but also whether and when to join the other institutes. The aim of this paper is to analyse the legal background of these instruments and estimate their possible economic impact. These hypotheses would be a subject of author's further search. The future impact on enterprises in the Czech Republic is evident in some areas of the EU enhanced cooperation. Adoption of the euro is an example. Other aspects of deeper economic integration as for example the bank union do not impact the microsphere so obviously; however can significantly change the business environment in the country. Keywords: EU integration, euro adoption, impact on enterprises, EU law, European Stabilisation Mechanism, European financial stabilization mechanism, LTRO operations Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2351-2355 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072351 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072351.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072351.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0051.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petra Krbová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Business, Faculty of Economics, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 721 01 Ostrava, Czech Republic Title: Assessment of the marketing activities at-retail on the beer market in Slovakia Abstract: The retail sector, more specifically non-specialized food predominating retail outlets, is defined as the area of interest in this study. The main aim is to describe the relationship between the marketing activities in the retail outlets of two subjects (1) beer manufacturer and (2) his competitors. This aim is deducted from the presumption that more than two thirds of shopping decisions are made directly in the store. The manufacturer therefore has to be visible in the retail outlet and perform better than his competitors. Data were observed in the multinational retail chains once a month during one year. The observation was focused on one specific product category - beer. The competitors were observed as one group for the purpose of comparison. Three criteria were included in this study (1) a presence of products' secondary position, (2) a presence of point-of-purchase materials in the main product category area and (3) a presence of point-of-purchase materials outside the main product category area. Data were analysed especially by using a logistic regression, but also other methods of statistical analysis were used. The dependence was identified in all three analyzed criteria. It varies from moderate to strong. Keywords: retailing, marketing at-retail, logistic regression, secondary position, point-of-purchase Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2357-2365 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072357 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072357.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072357.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0052.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Igor Krejčí Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Management and Economics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kristýna Vltavská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economic Statistics, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, University of Economics, Prague, nám. W. Churchilla 4, 130 67 Praha, Czech Republic Title: Measuring quarterly net fixed capital stock in the Czech Republic Abstract: Balances of fixed capital are ordinary part of annual national accounts statistics in most developed countries. Although quarterly data are useful for many applications and its existence would be consistent with other quarterly indicators, quarterly fixed capital stock are not officially published. Even though there is no official rule for estimation of quarterly fixed capital stocks, several methods are currently available to estimate quarterly stocks of fixed capital. The objective of this paper is to estimate the quarterly net fixed capital stock in the Czech Republic at constant prices in industry classification (CZ-NACE rev. 2) compatible with official quarterly statistics of the indicators on national economy. For this estimation we distinguish three basic flows of fixed capital. Firstly, gross fixed capital formation is estimated on the basis of official quarterly statistics which is published only in structure by types of assets. Flow of other changes is mainly uniformly distributed. Only in case of catastrophes it was possible to allocate these changes into appropriate quarter. Secondly, net fixed capital stock and consumption of fixed capital are estimated simultaneously on the basis of the assumption of relation between the value of the stock and its depreciation. Keywords: perpetual inventory method, net capital stock, consumption of fixed capital, national accounts, quarterly estimates Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2367-2376 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072367 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072367.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072367.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0053.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ľubica Kubicová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of marketing, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Economics and Management, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ľudmila Nagyová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of marketing, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Economics and Management, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Zdenka Kádeková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of marketing, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Economics and Management, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Comparison and modeling of households food expenditures in Slovakia with regard to the economic status and job position of the head of household Abstract: Paper focuses on analysis and development of nominal and real cash income as well as modeling of real cash household food expenditures in Slovakia. From the view of the head of household and his job position, paper compares the level and development of real money incomes and food expenditures, in terms of real money incomes quantifies the income elasticity and available demand saturation level for food in families of employees, self-employed persons and pensioners. Generally expected outcome of economic growth is raising standard of living of the population. Its measurement is based on the basic macroeconomic aggregates such as GDP growth and GDP per capita. Such indicators, despite their clearly accepted significance, have a number of limitations that undermine their informational value. These indicators are the product of highly aggregated data. Therefore submitted paper focuses on the analysis of the income situation of the population. This approach allows to obtain objective indicators of the true state income differentiation, respectively income inequality in particular social groups. Society with substantial income differentiation is less resistant against various extreme impact of globalization. The analysis results show that in the years 2004-2011 the real income increased least in the group of self-employed persons by an average of 4.89% (k' = 1.0489), while in the group of pensioners, the real income increased by an average of 7.08 % (k' = 1.0708). Keywords: income and food expenditures in the households of employees, self-employed persons and pensioners, average rates of growth, income and expenditure elasticity of demand, modeling of food expenditures Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2377-2384 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072377 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072377.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072377.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0054.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072377 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lea Kubíčková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martina Toulová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Risk factors in the internationalization process of SMEs Abstract: At the present time characterized by globalizing market, increasing competition, accelerating change and the occurrence of many risks it is necessary for businesses, which want to remain competitive, to be able to respond flexibly to the changes in a timely manner and to identify and manage risks. Companies try to diversify business risks, such as the loss of market share in the domestic market, by entering the foreign markets and participating in international trade. Involvement in the internationalization process cannot be understood only as an opportunity to achieve greater profits and a competitive advantage, it is necessary to consider potential risks accompanying this process, because engaging in the internationalization process may bring the companies many different specific risks. It would be useful for companies to identify the factors of failure resulting from internationalization. Identifying the barriers to internationalization, the main risk factors associated with it and designing their possible prevention or elimination could provide SMEs an impetus to enter foreign markets. Although the risk is a frequently discussed issue in the international discussion, only few studies were strictly focused on risk management in the internationalization process. Risk management is a broad discipline that requires a specific knowledge in practice. However, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises are often unable to identify the potential risks of the internationalization process and therefore are not able to manage the risks. This is due to the fact that SMEs usually do not have managers with a deep knowledge of risk management and, moreover, these managers also often lack experience with foreign markets. Unfortunately, the surveys of SMEs conclude that the poorly predicted risks of entering foreign markets are one of the most common causes of failure of SMEs internationalization process.The main objective of this paper is to identify the risks of the internationalization process of Czech small and medium-sized enterprises. To achieve the main aim, it was necessary to make a survey of current situation in Czech small and medium-sized enterprises with focus on the participation in international trade, compared to the situation of these enterprises in recent years. It was also important to define the risk factors faced by Czech small and medium-sized enterprises in connection with the entry and activities on foreign markets and to identify key risk factors SMEs in the internationalization process are exposed to. It was also necessary to find out the obstacles to the internationalization process affecting the decision of Czech SMEs to penetrate foreign markets. And the last but not least task was to suggest some elementary methods that could be used by Czech small and medium-sized enterprises to eliminate risks in their internationalization process. Keywords: internationalization process, SMEs, risk factors, barriers Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2385-2392 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072385 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072385.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072385.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0055.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha, Czech Republic Author-Name: Igor Krejčí Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha, Czech Republic Title: Contribution of simple heuristics for the vehicle routing problem - A case study of a small brewery Abstract: This paper presents a case study of a local brewery situated near to Prague. Even though its management already has the software which solves the vehicle routing problem by Mayer and Branch and Bound methods, it is still favourable to implement more approximation methods. The basic reason is that the Branch and Bound algorithm is complicated and software overflows may occur during its run in case of more cities in the cycle. The aim of this paper is to solve the real transportations using other methods that satisfy basic requirements of practicability.Transportation, which the brewery carried out during the selected week, provided data which were then analyzed using both the modifications of "classical" approximation methods (such as by Clark and Wright, Habr, and Mayer). Three types of the combination of these methods were also applied. The computed results were compared with the routes actually used by the brewery and with results from already implemented software. They showed that the brewery can save approximately 50,000 CZK (2,000 EUR) per year. Furthermore, the application of these methods needs neither any special technical equipment nor much time for the computation. Keywords: vehicle routing problem, case study, Mayer method, savings method, Habr frequencies, methods crossing Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2393-2401 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072393 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072393.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072393.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0056.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ladislava Kuchynková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Corporate Economy, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Maria Králová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Aspects affecting flexibility of Czech managers' leadership style Abstract: The paper examines the potential aspects that affect the flexibility of Czech managers' leadership style, because the ability to lead subordinates flexibly seems to be necessary for managerial practice in these days full of rapid change. A tool which makes it possible to determine the degree of flexibility of individual managers within the situational leadership style is represented by original method LBAII® developed by Ken Blanchard Companies, which the authors were provided with solely for this purpose. Due to the fact that research based on this method had not been conducted in the Czech Republic, an opportunity to learn new information from this field about the selected sample of Czech managers occurred. First of all, the article introduces the concept of a situational leadership style as well as an explanation of its use in practice. Subsequently it describes in detail the methodology of the authors' primary research and presents the outcomes of a questionnaire survey conducted in the form of contingency tables and other tools (correspondence map, box plot, scatter plot), which aptly illustrate the data found. Finally, the results obtained are discussed and aspects related to the achieved scores of flexibility of the monitored managers are established based on verified hypotheses. Keywords: situational leadership style, LBAII® , flexibility of leadership style, manager's sex, management level, management area, number of subordinates Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2403-2414 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072403 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072403.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072403.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0057.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072403 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaromír Landa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: David Procházka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Šťastný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Point cloud processing for smart systems Abstract: High population as well as the economical tension emphasises the necessity of effective city management - from land use planning to urban green maintenance. The management effectiveness is based on precise knowledge of the city environment. Point clouds generated by mobile and terrestrial laser scanners provide precise data about objects in the scanner vicinity. From these data pieces the state of the roads, buildings, trees and other objects important for this decision-making process can be obtained. Generally, they can support the idea of "smart" or at least "smarter" cities.Unfortunately the point clouds do not provide this type of information automatically. It has to be extracted. This extraction is done by expert personnel or by object recognition software. As the point clouds can represent large areas (streets or even cities), usage of expert personnel to identify the required objects can be very time-consuming, therefore cost ineffective. Object recognition software allows us to detect and identify required objects semi-automatically or automatically.The first part of the article reviews and analyses the state of current art point cloud object recognition techniques. The following part presents common formats used for point cloud storage and frequently used software tools for point cloud processing. Further, a method for extraction of geospatial information about detected objects is proposed. Therefore, the method can be used not only to recognize the existence and shape of certain objects, but also to retrieve their geospatial properties. These objects can be later directly used in various GIS systems for further analyses. Keywords: point cloud, object recognition, GIS Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2415-2421 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072415 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072415.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072415.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0058.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Viliam Lendel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, Dept. of Management Theories, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Michal Varmus Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, Dept. of Management Theories, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic Title: Proposal of system for work with innovative ideas, opportunities and innovations in the company Abstract: The paper is based on a detailed analysis of literature and conducted research to create a system for work with innovative ideas, opportunities and innovations in company. This paper reports the main results of the research that authors conducted on a sample of 318 respondents. Main purpose of the research was to identify the key elements of the use of innovation in marketing management system for work with innovation, opportunities, knowledge and application of lateral thinking. This paper deals with the identification of the main preconditions for successful use of the proposed system for work with innovative ideas, opportunities and innovations in business. Attention is also paid to the identification of the most common problems in the use of innovation and innovative ideas in business. The paper presents a series of recommendations to minimize the described problems and serves valuable tool for marketing manager for the efficient use of labour with innovative ideas, opportunities, innovation and expertise in the company. Following methods were used for research: comparative method of qualitative evaluation method, the method of structured and structured interviews, observation method, the method of document analysis (method of content analysis) and questionnaire method. Keywords: innovation, invention, innovation opportunities, innovative potential, innovation management, system for work with innovations Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2423-2433 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072423 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072423.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072423.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0059.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Lososová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Finances, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radek Zdeněk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Finances, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Daniel Kopta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Finances, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Differences in the land rent among EU countries Abstract: The aim of the paper is to assess the differences in the influence of land rent on farm production efficiencies by region, farming type and LFA. In terms of the cost of rents there are significant differences among countries within the European Union. While in Estonia, the average land rent amounts to 14 EUR/ha, then it is almost 900 EUR/ha in the Netherlands (in 2009). High variability may be seen also at the share of rented land, which ranges from 17.4% to 96.1%. Along with the intensity of production, then these factors affect the efficiency of production. Significant differences in land rents and land rent/revenues ratio can be found not only across the EU, but there are also at the national level between farming specializations. Using dynamic shift share analysis is reviewed the development of land rent in the period 2004-2009 (the dynamic of land rents is explained by the European, proportional, national and differential influences). Keywords: land rent, land rent/revenues ratio, rented land, shift share analysis Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2435-2444 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072435 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072435.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072435.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0060.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Lýsek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Šťastný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Classification of economic data into multiple classes by means of evolutionary methods Abstract: In this contribution we deal with an automatic classification of economic data into multiple classes. A classifier created by grammatical evolution is used to determine the data sample membership into one of the defined classes. The grammar rules used for classifier structure creation are presented. The performance of our classifier is compared with multilayer perceptron neural network classifier and Kohonen neural network classifier. We used a survey data of consumer behaviour in food market in Czech Republic. Keywords: genetic algorithms, classification, grammatical evolution, learning Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2445-2449 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072445 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072445.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072445.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0061.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radka MacGregor Pelikánová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Management, Department of Law, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Internet my dearest, what type of European integration is the clearest... Abstract: It is a 'given' that today's post-modern global society is heavily dependent on the utilization of information technologies, that the economic and other crises are omnipresent and that EU integration is seriously questioned. This challenging situation has a myriad of long and short term causes and not all of them receive appropriate attention. Similarly, there is no consensus about potential methods, and forms of its solution. Still, in this global complexity remain constants, desirable venues to successfully develop a healthy competitive environment, such as a suitable use of the Internet.While the EU faces many challenges, there are many ongoing EU projects designed to support integration and enhance competitiveness and the sustainable development of EU businesses vis-á-vis the external global business world. A potential cynosure in this regard is the EU top level domain TLD.eu and its economic, legal, and technical pro-integrating framework. A good virtual integration method can help lead to a way to better integrate even on a more material level.More than ever before, scientia potentia est.1 If we understand the historic facts about the global crisis and integration, especially within the EU, as well as about the TLD.eu project, then we may be able to see the current situation from a different perspective and perhaps figure out new ways about how to reconcile prima facie contradictory interests and be able to proceed further with EU integration. So, let the Internet mirror do its task - Internet, Internet on my desk, is the EU integration á la TLD.eu the best? Keywords: European Union (EU), EURid, integration, top level domain, TLD.eu Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2475-2481 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072475 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072475.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072475.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0062.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleonóra Marišová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Zuzana Ilková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Pavol Schwarcz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Malatinec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Eva Lázárová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Assessment of the state administration effectiveness in the field of small business control in Slovakia Abstract: The agenda of small business in Slovakia is administered by state administration - district offices which registry and also control the entrepreneurs. The control units in the period 2008-2011 and its evaluation in terms of efficiency were the objects of the research. A comparative analysis was focused on the number of inspections carried out by inspectors at registered enterprises and the number of fines imposed by law established methods (penalties in block proceedings and fines on the basis of a decision to impose fine). Comparison was made to the NUTS 3 level, and in different regions of Slovakia. The assessment was based on the number of inspections and fines imposed on the incumbent entrepreneur in the respective region and the number of controls per 1 inspector. The result of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of control activities of units within the NUTS 3. The average proportion of registered enterprises inspections in 2012 was 3.98% (SR). The base index of the average share of inspected enterprises in the period between the year 2008 and 2012 shows a value 0.75, which indicates a decrease in the proportion of subjects controlled by 25%. The results of the research show that the control units should increase the proportion of screened subjects, revise the amount of the fines imposed and the ability to enforce compliance with the obligations under the Act on small business No. 455/1991 Coll. (Small business law) and special rules. To achieve the increase of effectiveness of inspectors, its recommended to innovate their temporal and territorial flexibility. Keywords: state administration, small business, district offices, control, effectiveness Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2483-2489 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072483 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072483.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072483.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0063.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072483 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radka Martináková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Svatopluk Kapounek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Economic sentiment indicator and its information capability in the Czech Republic Abstract: The paper focuses on the indicators of economic agents' perceptions in the Czech Republic. We assume that these information are provided by economic sentiment indicator surveys based on the Joint Harmonised EU Programme. The aim of this paper is to offer the alternate methodology of qualitative data transformation (balance statistic data) in relation with the macroeconomic quantitative indicators.In the empirical analysis we distinguished between the indicators of confidence in industry, construction, retail and consumer confidence indicator. We found link between the aggregate economic sentiment indicator and economic activity. Especially, aggregate economic sentiment indicator copies the development of the GDP. However, partial indicators does not follow changes in the specific sectors of the economy. We also found that economic agents underestimate the intensity of the economic recession after the year 2007.Finally, we cannot recommend the economic sentiment indicator as the leading indicator of the future economic activity in the Czech Republic. Our methodological contribution is in quantifying of the consumer survey results by standardization. Keywords: perception, expectation, consumer survey, confidence indicator, standardization Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2491-2498 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072491 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072491.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072491.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0064.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072491 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Meluzín Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marek Zinecker Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Sylvia Kovandová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: IPO timing determinants: empirical evidence on the Polish capital market Abstract: This paper examines the determinants influencing the IPO timing by enterprises under the conditions in force on the Polish capital market. In the study we asked CFOs Polish enterprises divided into two groups to formulate their insights in the area of IPO timing. The first group consisted of the entities that have previously executed an initial public offering, the second one included the entities that have not executed an IPO (but considered doing so in the past or were candidates for doing it in the future). The survey results can be summarised as follows. First, in choosing an opportune time for an IPO, both subsamples of companies take into considerations the current need of external equity capital for continuing their growth. Second, managers also take advantage of macroeconomic development and effort conducting IPOs when present and projected state of the national and global economy is favorable. Overall stock market conditions, conditions in the business sector and investors' interest in the business sector were identified as determinants of IPOs timing with a very strong support. Finally, Polish CFOs attach less importance to the interest that other companies operating in the same type of business may have in IPOs. The interest that firms from other business sectors may have in going public does not have an appreciable effect on timing as well. Keywords: IPO, timing, CEE, Polish capital market Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2499-2506 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072499 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072499.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072499.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0065.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Mervartová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law and Social Sciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Illegal employment Abstract: Since 2007 Labour Code contains the definition of dependent work, which can be carried out only in labour-law relations. The Amendment to Labour Code from 2012 makes the definition more precise, when it stipulates essential elements of dependent work and designates the others as conditions, under which dependent work should be carried out.The Amendment to Employment Act changes the definition of illegal work. Illegal work is a performance of dependent work by natural person except for labour-law relation, or if natural person - foreigner carries out work in conflict with issued permission to employment or without this permission.Since 2012 sanctions for illegal work were increased. Labour inspection is entitled to impose sanctions, in case of foreigners it is Customs Office. For control purposes employer is obliged to have copies of documents at the workplace proving the existence of labour-law relation. Goal of controls and high fines is to limit illegal employment of citizens of Czech Republic and foreigners as well.Illegal work has unfavourable economic impact on state budget. It comes to extensive tax evasions and also to evasions within health insurance and social security. If a concluded commercial-law relation meets the attributes of dependent work, then it stands for a concealed legal relationship. Tax Office can subsequently assess an income tax to businessman. Labour-law relationship enjoys a higher legal protection than commercial-law relationship; nonetheless it is not suitable to limit liberty of contract in cases when it is not unambiguously a dependent activity. Keywords: dependent work, illegal work, Labour Code, Employment Act, "Svarcsystem" Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2507-2514 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072507 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072507.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072507.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0066.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Mišovič Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Oldřich Faldík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Applying of component system development in object methodology Abstract: In the last three decades, the concept and implementation of component-based architectures have been promoted in software systems creation. Increasingly complex demands are placed on the software component systems, in particular relating to the dynamic properties. The emergence of such requirements has been gradually enforced by the practice of development and implementation of these systems, especially for information systems software.Just the information systems (robust IS) of different types require that target software meets their requirements. Among other things, we mean primarily the adaptive processes of different domains, high distributives due to the possibilities of the Internet 2.0, acceptance of high integrity of life domains (process, data and communications integrity), scalability, and flexible adaptation to process changes, a good context for external devices and transparent structure of the sub-process modules and architectural units.Of course, the target software of required qualities and the type robust cannot be a monolith. As commonly known, development of design toward information systems software has clearly come to the need for the software composition of completely autonomous, but cooperating architectural units that communicate with each other using messages of prescribed formats.Although for such units there were often used the so called subsystems and modules, see (Jac, Boo, Rumbo, 1998) and (Arlo, Neus, 2007), their abstraction being gradually enacted as the term component. In other words, the subsystems and modules are specific types of components.In (Král, Žeml, 2000) and (Král, Žeml, 2003) there are considered two types of target software of information systems. The first type - there are SWC (Software Components), composed of permanently available components, which are thought as services - Confederate software. The second type - SWA (Software Alliance), called semi Confederate, formed during the run-time of the software system and referred to as software alliance.In both of these mentioned publications there is delivered deep philosophy of relevant issues relating to SWC / SWA as creating copies of components (cloning), the establishment and destruction of components at software run-time (dynamic reconfiguration), cooperation of autonomous components, programmable management of components interface in depending on internal components functionality and customer requirements (functionality, security, versioning).Nevertheless, even today we can meet numerous cases of SWC / SWA existence, with a highly developed architecture that is accepting vast majority of these requests. On the other hand, in the development practice of component-based systems with a dynamic architecture (i.e. architecture with dynamic reconfiguration), and finally with a mobile architecture (i.e. architecture with dynamic component mobility) confirms the inadequacy of the design methods contained in UML 2.0. It proves especially the dissertation thesis (Rych, Weis, 2008).Software Engineering currently has two different approaches to systems SWC / SWA. The first approach is known as component-oriented software development CBD (Component based Development). According to (Szyper, 2002) that is a collection of CBD methodologies that are heavily focused on the setting up and software components re-usability within the architecture. Although CBD does not show high theoretical approach, nevertheless, it is classified under the general evolution of SDP (Software Development Process), see (Sommer, 2010) as one of its two dominant directions.From a structural point of view, a software system consists of self-contained, interoperable architectural units - components based on well-defined interfaces. Classical procedural object-oriented methodologies significantly do not use the component meta-models, based on which the target component systems are formed, then. Component meta-models describe the syntax, semantics of components. They are a system of rules for components, connectors and configuration. Component meta-models for dynamic and mobile architectures also describe the concept of rules for configuration changes (rules for reconfiguration). As well-known meta-models are now considered: Wright for static architecture, SOFA and Darvin for dynamic architecture and SOFA 2.0 for mobile architecture, see (Rych, Weis, 2008).The CBD approach verbally defines the basic terms as component (primitive / composite), interface, component system, configuration, reconfiguration, logical (structural) view, process view (behavioral), static component architecture, dynamic architecture, mobile architecture (fully dynamic architecture), see (IEEE Report, 2000) and (Crnk, Chaud, 2006).The CBD approach also presents several ADL languages (Architecture Description Languages) which are able to describe software architecture. The known languages are integration ACME and UML (Unified Modeling Language), see (Garl, Mon, Wil, 2000) and (UNIFEM, 2005).The second approach to SWC / SWA systems is formed on SOA, but this article does not deal with it consistently.SOA is a philosophy of architecture. SOA is not a methodology for the comprehensive development of the target software. Nevertheless, SOA successfully filled the role of software design philosophy and on the other hand, also gave an important concept linking software components and their architectural units - business services. SOA understands any software as a Component System of a business service and solved life components in it. The physical implementation of components is given by a Web services platform. A certain lack of SOA is its weak link to the business processes that are a universally recognized platform for business activities and the source for the creation of enterprise services.This paper deals with a specific activity in the CBD, i.e. the integration of the concept of component-based system into an advanced procedural, object-oriented methodology (Arlo, Neust, 2007), (Kan, Müller, 2005), (Krutch, 2003) for problem domains with double-layer process logic. There is indicated an integration method, based on a certain meta-model (Applying of the Component system Development in object Methodology) and leading to the component system formation. The mentioned meta-model is divided into partial workflows that are located in different stages of a classic object process-based methodology. Into account there are taken the consistency of the input and output artifacts in working practices of the meta-model and mentioned object methodology. This paper focuses on static component systems that are starting to explore dynamic and mobile component systems.In addition, in the contribution the component system is understood as a specific system, for its system properties and basic terms notation being used a set and graph and system algebra. Keywords: component, component system, interface, static, dynamic and mobile architecture, component meta-model, object methodology Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2515-2522 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072515 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072515.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072515.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0067.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Mišovič Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Oldřich Faldík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Applying of component system development in object methodology, case study Abstract: To create computarization target software as a component system has been a very strong requirement for the last 20 years of software developing. Finally, the architectural components are self-contained units, presenting not only partial and overall system behavior, but also cooperating with each other on the basis of their interfaces. Among others, components have allowed flexible modification of processes the behavior of which is the foundation of components behavior without changing the life of the component system. On the other hand, the component system makes it possible, at design time, to create numerous new connections between components and thus creating modified system behaviors. This all enables the company management to perform, at design time, required behavioral changes of processes in accordance with the requirements of changing production and market.The development of software which is generally referred to as SDP (Software Development Process) contains two directions. The first one, called CBD (Component-Based Development), is dedicated to the development of component-based systems CBS (Component-based System), the second target is the development of software under the influence of SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture). Both directions are equipped with their different development methodologies. The subject of this paper is only the first direction and application of development of component-based systems in its object-oriented methodologies. The requirement of today is to carry out the development of component-based systems in the framework of developed object-oriented methodologies precisely in the way of a dominant style. In some of the known methodologies, however, this development is not completely transparent and is not even recognized as dominant. In some cases, it is corrected by the special meta-integration models of component system development into an object methodology.This paper presents a case study applied to the process management fragment of a human resources HR (Human Resources) domain in a small manufacturing business enterprise, which confirms the success of the meta-model implementation mentioned in the contribution (Mišovič, Faldík, 2013). Keywords: object methodology, meta-model, domain HR, logical, design, physical architecture Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2523-2531 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072523 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072523.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072523.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0068.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natalia Mokhova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Business and management, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marek Zinecker Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Business and management, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The determinants of capital structure: the evidence from the European Union Abstract: The aim of this study is to indicate the influence of several internal determinants on capital structure in different European countries and retrace its tendency taking into consideration the membership of the European Union. Nowadays there are a lot of debates according the future of the European Union. The recent global financial crisis and the following European debt crisis show the significance of the country financial stability and its impact on the private sector. The paper investigates 32 countries of European Union dividing them into three groups as (1) old EU members (15 countries), (2) new EU members (12 countries) and (3) EU candidates (4 candidate countries and 1 acceding country).The managers make their financial decisions according to the source of financing and capital structure based on the macroeconomic conditions and country specifics and obviously on company's advantages and disadvantages, i.e. its internal characteristics. Based on the analysis of previous studies we have chosen several significant internal determinants of capital structure as profitability, tangibility, growth opportunities, non-debt tax shields and firm's size.The findings show that the country's specifics, EU membership and corporate debt structure influence the relation between capital structure and its internal characteristics. The capital structure in all countries has tendency to increase, furthermore the old members rely more on debt then candidates or new members.There is no doubt that the majority of countries support Pecking Order Theory then Trade off Theory regarding investigated relations. In most countries the profitability and size have negative and significant influence on corporate capital structure. At the same time tangibility, growth opportunities and non-debt tax shields split up: selected countries experience positive impact, another part negative, supporting different theories. Keywords: capital structure, financial performance, European Union, determinants Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2533-2546 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072533 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072533.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072533.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0069.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072533 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stanislav Mokrý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Concept of perceptual carrying capacity and its use in the creation of promotional materials of tourist destination Abstract: The aim of this article is to introduce results of research of perceptual carrying capacity of selected area. Concept of perceptual tourist carrying capacity aims to find the number of visitors of tourist destination that the visitor is willing to accept before deciding to prefer travelling to another tourist destination. In order to determine the perceptual carrying capacity the visual method is used. The photos of destination that depict different level of visitors are presented to respondents when using this method. The primary research method used in this investigation was the questionnaire survey which was conducted via online questionnaires. The questionnaire used computer-generated images that depict different number of visitors of the particular destination - nature trail around the church of St. John of Nepomuk in Žďár nad Sázavou (UNESCO monument). The questionnaire also contained samples of photos taken from photo gallery section of CzechTourism agency (photo.czechtourism.com), which were used to determine the preferred destination for recreation. The survey was conducted within the period from May 2012 to July 2012 on a sample of 736 respondents from The Czech Republic. Keywords: perceptual carrying capacity, sustainable tourism, visual method Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2547-2553 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072547 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072547.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072547.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0070.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Avinash Mulky Author-Workplace-Name: Marketing Area, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore 560076, India Title: Corporate social responsibility of the 100 largest Indian companies - an analysis of website communication Abstract: Corporate social responsibility has become an important concept in the business world in recent decades. CSR is important in all countries but is particularly relevant in emerging markets where the levels of human development are not high. The United Nations Development Programme has created the Human Development Index (HDI) to measure the human development in countries. The present study analyzes the CSR communication on the websites of the 100 largest Indian companies. The objective was to examine the reported CSR activities and determine whether the activities address the dimensions and indicators of the HDI. The study uses content analysis to classify the CSR activities into categories corresponding to HDI parameters. The findings indicate that about two thirds of the companies are using their websites to communicate CSR. Of the companies which reported CSR, about eighty percent report support for primary education and about seventy percent undertake livelihood support activities. The level of corporate involvement in the health dimension of human development is quite low. Reduction of infant and maternal mortality does not get much corporate attention. This study will add to the literature on CSR in emerging markets and will be useful for firms in India and other emerging markets that are planning CSR activities aimed at human development parameters. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, human development index, India Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2555-2560 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072555 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072555.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072555.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0071.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kateřina Myšková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operational Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: David Hampel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operational Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Anna Dobešová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operational Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Impulse-response analysis of monetary policy - Visegád group countries case Abstract: In this paper, we focus on comparability of monetary policies of Visegrád group countries (V4). Main objective of central banks function in V4 countries lies in maintaining price stability. For this purpose, inflation targeting regime is realized in a medium-term focus in V4, which means that there is a certain lag between monetary policy operation and its influence on an inflation target. Central bank does not have a direct impact on its ultimate goals. Therefore, any monetary policy analysis and assumption of its effectiveness comes out from an essential existence of a working transmission mechanism. Thus, changes in settings of monetary policy instruments have to be able to inflict causal changes on intermediary markets and via these markets on target markets. This situation can be modeled by the vector autoregressive (VAR) model with suitable variables. Our main task is to compare a relationship between VAR model responses to predefined impulses for all V4 pairs. We use calibration technique for this purpose. Specifically, we will utilize one-dimensional calibration model with a linear calibration function for deriving unknown parameters. Moreover, we will test a significance of estimated parameters. We distinguish between model parameters for before-crisis- and during-crisis-data, because we suppose that financial crisis affects VAR model parameters significantly. Different responses in each country can mean the inability of the common monetary policy for V4 at present. Keywords: calibration, financial crisis, impulse-response analysis, inflation targeting, monetary policy, VAR model Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2561-2567 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072561 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072561.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072561.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0072.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ľudmila Nagyová Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Economics and Management, Department of Marketing, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Jana Stávková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zdenka Kádeková Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Economics and Management, Department of Marketing, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Income disparities and their impact on the level and development of food expenditures of households in Slovakia Abstract: Paper evaluates development and changes in the level of households food expenditures in Slovakia, which occurred after the accession of Slovakia to the European Union in 2004 and began to apply the rules of the Common Agricultural Policy and using of means of support. Free movement of goods, labor and capital has contributed to the increase of goods and services supply and living standards as well as to the increase in households income differentiation. Until 2012, households in the lowest income quartile possess on average with only 34.1 % per year of the revenue compared with income in the highest fourth quartile of income category. The results of the analysis show a different behavior in the food market. Most sensitive to the change in income and price levels of food expenditures for food responded in families with the lowest incomes (EI = 0.28). With the increase in prices of cereals (bread) by one percentage unit-demand declined by an average by 0.49 % (Epi = -0.49), the demand for cheese by 0.65 % (Epi = -0.654) and the demand for meat by 0.275 % (Epi = -0.275). Keywords: income and expenditures by income groups, income elasticity of expenditure for food, saturation of demand, price elasticity Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2569-2575 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072569 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072569.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072569.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0073.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomasz Norek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Management and Economics of Services, University of Szczecin, ul. Cukrowa 8, 71 004 Szczecin, Poland Title: The effectiveness of innovative processes implemented by the SME companies. Results of the empirical research Abstract: The essence and the importance of innovation in the process of building the competitiveness of enterprises is widely described in the economic literature. But the analysis of innovative activity of companies very often indicates that the innovations introduced to the market do not bring the expected benefits. This leads to the conclusion that very often innovation activities of enterprises are inefficient. And detailed analysis of such cases can identify the key barriers to implementing effective innovation.The modern model for the innovative activity indicates that one of the key factors for success of innovative activity of enterprises is properly implemented the introduction of new solutions to market. The problem of diffusion of innovation involves a number of issues related to the process of spreading and promoting innovation in the market. It is widely recognized that the powers of innovation diffusion is an important determinant of the capacity of firms.Author posed the following research hypothese:Innovative activities carried out by the surveyed companies is inefficient.The purpose of this paper is to present the problems associated with effective diffusion of innovation in the SME sector business activity in Poland, with particular emphasis on the barriers in this area. Commonly available statistical data, the author's empirical research results from the period 2009-2012 and results of other studies conducted by the University of Szczecin were used to prepare this publication. Keywords: innovations, the effectiveness of innovative processes Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2577-2585 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072577 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072577.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072577.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0074.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072577 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Omelka Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Business Economics, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michaela Beranová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Business Economics, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jakub Tabas Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Business Economics, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of the models of financial distress prediction Abstract: Prediction of the financial distress is generally supposed as approximation if a business entity is closed on bankruptcy or at least on serious financial problems. Financial distress is defined as such a situation when a company is not able to satisfy its liabilities in any forms, or when its liabilities are higher than its assets. Classification of financial situation of business entities represents a multidisciplinary scientific issue that uses not only the economic theoretical bases but interacts to the statistical, respectively to econometric approaches as well.The first models of financial distress prediction have originated in the sixties of the 20th century. One of the most known is the Altman's model followed by a range of others which are constructed on more or less conformable bases. In many existing models it is possible to find common elements which could be marked as elementary indicators of potential financial distress of a company.The objective of this article is, based on the comparison of existing models of prediction of financial distress, to define the set of basic indicators of company's financial distress at conjoined identification of their critical aspects. The sample defined this way will be a background for future research focused on determination of one-dimensional model of financial distress prediction which would subsequently become a basis for construction of multi-dimensional prediction model. Keywords: bankruptcy model, financial distress, financial indicators, financial position, financial ratios Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2587-2592 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072587 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072587.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072587.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0075.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072587 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milana Otrusinová Author-Workplace-Name: Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Department of Finance and Accounting, Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eliška Pastuszková Author-Workplace-Name: Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Department of Finance and Accounting, Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic Title: Transformation process of state accounting to accrual basis accounting in conditions of the Czech Republic Abstract: This paper briefly outlines the significant issues that occur during the implementation of the accrual principle accounting in the public sector in the context of the reform of accounting of public finance in the Czech Republic. The reform mostly regards government organizational units, self-governing territorial units and allowance organizations. The objective of the paper is to describe the transformation process from state accounting to accrual principle accounting in the Czech Republic and to identify the main problems associated with the introduction of accrual principle. Authors summarize these key problems with the use of questionnaire survey results at the municipal level in the Czech Republic. According to the research presented in this paper, the ongoing reform has not provided the intended transparency of accounting in selected entities and these tend to have an impression of their efforts being wasted by doing unnecessary work. Drawing on the above facts, approaches to the public finance accounting reform by central authorities and municipalities are different. However, we can say that the reform was launched to improve the situation of users of financial statements and had been needed for many years because public sector accounting regulations were incomplete and non-uniform. Keywords: Reform of public sector accounting, municipality, International Public Sector Accounting Standards, cash base, selected entities, consolidation, accrual accounting Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2593-2602 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072593 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072593.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072593.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0076.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072593 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Palát Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Territorial Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: International migration and unemployment in established member countries of the European Union Abstract: The objective of the paper is to evaluate relationships of the rate of migration and the unemployment rate in established member countries of the European Union covering also the period of the last financial and economic crisis and using statistical methods. To determine parameters of a regression function were used methods of regression and correlation analysis including testing the statistical significance. Nearly all countries (except Luxemburg and Austria) show a negative linear relationship between tested indicators however not always statistically significant. Based on these results, the existence of correlation is evident between the crude rate of net migration and the unemployment rate in more than a half of the monitored countries. Calculated correlation indices show highly statistically significant results for typically immigrant's destination countries, e.g. Germany, United Kingdom, Luxembourg, and Belgium but we can find statistically significant results also in countries which are facing enormous economic problems during the last financial and economic crisis, esp. in Ireland, Spain and Italy. With an exemption of Belgium, the selected type of regression function doesn't play a role as it regards the statistical significance of correlation indices and the use of polynomials of higher degrees doesn't improve those results significantly. The analysis of the crude rate of net migration and the unemployment rate presented in this paper can be further used and developed when other variables would be added to the model. Keywords: crude rate of net migration, established member countries, unemployment, correlation Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2603-2610 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072603 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072603.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072603.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0077.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072603 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Pavel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Public Finance, University of Economics, Prague, W. Churchill Sq. 4, 130 67 Prague 3, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of efficiency of public procurement organized by public sector and local monopolies Abstract: The aim of this paper is to identify the difference between the prices achieved in public procurement by public and private bodies. The analysis exploits the fact that European legislation forced to follow the Public Procurement Act not only public sector but also private companies working in the position of local monopolies (gas supply, water supply, public transport, etc.).The analysis is based on data from the Information System of Public Procurement in the Czech Republic. The data set is created by more than 500 observations containing information about the large construction contracts from the years 2006-2011. Details of these contracts were analysed using regressions. As a dependent variable were used price achieved (in the first model) and the number of bids (in second model). As explained variables were the numbers of bids (only in the first model), type of tender, the contract size, etc. The methodology is based on foreign papers, which are dealing with the issue of competitive effects.The results show that the public sector bodies obtain in their tenders on average more bids than private firms, but their realized prices are higher. Another finding is the influence of the type of procurement procedure. In the public sector are the best rates achieved with open procedures, while in the case of private entities was not identified the influence of procurement procedures. Keywords: construction work, Czech Republic, efficiency gap, public procurement Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2611-2615 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072611 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072611.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072611.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0078.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Pilková Author-Workplace-Name: Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Management, Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Odbojarov 10, P.O.Box 95, 820 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Marian Holienka Author-Workplace-Name: Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Management, Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Odbojarov 10, P.O.Box 95, 820 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Michal Munk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Computer Science, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Key business restart drivers in Slovakia Abstract: The phenomenon of business restart, also referred to as second chance, proved to be an integral part of entrepreneurial dynamics. Considering the high level of individual entrepreneurial activity (14.2% in 2011, 10.2% in 2012) accompanied with high discontinuance rate in Slovakia (7.0% in 2011, 4.7% in 2012)1, it is important to further investigate key factors which influence business restart in our country. These findings could unveil what helps to preserve the current entrepreneurial activity, which is besides producing more new entrepreneurs another option to secure self-employment and job creation through individual business activities, with positive impact on economic growth in the country.The main aim of our paper is to analyze the issue of business restart in Slovakia through dynamics measured on individual level and to identify the key drivers of restart activity. These findings represent a good information basis for policy makers helping them better understand the characteristics of business restart phenomenon and develop relevant entrepreneurship policies, as well as for further entrepreneurship research.Our research is primarily based on Slovak Global entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2011 and 2012 individual level data. We applied binominal logistic regression to analyze relationships between business restart and its potential drivers. Keywords: business restart, drivers, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2617-2622 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072617 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072617.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072617.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0079.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072617 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavlína Pinková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Sylvie Riederová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Inter- and intra-industry variations of capital structure in the Czech manufacturing industry Abstract: The objective of the paper is to investigate the existence of inter-industry variations in the capital structure of enterprises of the Czech manufacturing industry and to identify the intra-industry causes of these differences. Three measures of capital structure are employed to determine the inter-industry variations. These are total debt ratio, long-term debt and short-term debt ratios. The set of explanatory variables is included to clarify the intra-industry variations. These explanatory variables are size, asset structure, asset utilization, profitability, non-debt tax shield and growth. The paper reports the analysis of capital structure of five distinctive industrial branches, namely the manufacture of beverages, the manufacture of textiles, the manufacture of paper and paper products, the manufacture of chemicals and chemical products, and the manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products. The data come from the financial statements of selected companies and cover a period from 2008 to 2012. The analysis of variance, correlation and regression analyses are used to develop the statistical framework. The paper aims to study the impact of industry and firm characteristics on capital structure choice. Keywords: capital structure, leverage, determinants of capital structure, manufacturing industry, industry effect Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2623-2629 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072623 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072623.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072623.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0080.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072623 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klára Plecitá Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ladislava Grochová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Střelec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Current account imbalances in the euro area Abstract: While the current account balance for the euro area as a whole has been in balance, divergences in current account positions among the euro-area members have widened since the introduction of the common currency euro. During the last 13 years Portugal, Greece and Spain have run large and persistent current account deficits, whereas Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Finland or Germany have displayed during the same period large and persistent surpluses. However, there is no unambiguous agreement among economists, whether this divergence of current account positions of the euro-area countries mirrors growing intra-euro-area imbalances (Gros, 2012) or just reflects proper functioning of the European integration process (Schmitz and von Hagen, 2009). Therefore, the aim of this paper is to estimate equilibrium current account position for each of the original 12 euro area countries so that it is possible to assess whether the divergence of intra-euro current account balances could be explained on the basis of economic fundamentals or it just reflects misallocation of resources and thus macroeconomic imbalances. The equilibrium current account balance is estimated using a panel-econometric technique for a sample of 30 industrial countries, which represent euro-area member states and their main business partners, over the period 1993-2011. Economic fundamentals affecting the equilibrium current account position are selected on the basis of the saving-investment balance, the trade balance and the net income balance, to ensure that we take into an account all theoretically important explanatory variables. We find that the main determinants of current account norms in our sample are fiscal balance, a country's net international investment position, oil balance and a country's stage of economic development. The major part of the euro-area countries exhibits current account positions close to their equilibrium levels with the exception of the Netherlands and Finland which have persistently higher surpluses, while Portugal and Greece run larger current account deficits than is their norm. Keywords: current account norm, euro area, external balance, panel analysis Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2631-2638 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072631 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072631.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072631.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0081.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072631 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Prášilová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Mánesova 1453/75, 120 00 Praha-Vinohrady, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radka Procházková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Mánesova 1453/75, 120 00 Praha-Vinohrady, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martina Harvilíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Mánesova 1453/75, 120 00 Praha-Vinohrady, Czech Republic Title: Representativeness of the FADN CZ sample of agricultural enterprises and ways of its verification Abstract: Following accession to the European Union, Czech Republic joined the EU FADN system. The Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) is the main EC information source on real economic situation of agricultural enterprises. It is a sample survey of individual farms and legal entities from the primary farm production domain and it supplies very detailed information on economic results. Representativeness, i.e., the degree of correspondence of sample information with population information in all relevant parameters except for size, is the priority requirement on sample surveys. The aim of testing the FADN CZ sample survey representativeness was to verify whether it was possible to draw conclusions on the population from the sample outcomes, in order to assess the whole of agriculture. Czech Statistical Office (CSO) data bases supplied data on the population.The paper deals with statistical techniques and methods suitable for the assessment of representativeness and the extent of sample needed. The actual results of representativeness verification are offered here, based on FADN CZ 2011 accounting year sample survey results. These were obtained in 2012. STATISTICA 10 special package was employed in the representativeness testing exercise. The analysis also offers methodology proposals in order to increase quality of the sample. Keywords: representativeness, agriculture, agricultural enterprise, agricultural holding, farm accountancy data network FADN CZ, sample survey, testing Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2639-2648 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072639 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072639.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072639.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0082.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072639 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zuzana Priščáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivana Rábová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: An accessibility solution of cloud computing by solar energy Abstract: Cloud computing is a modern innovative technology of solution of a problem with data storage, data processing, company infrastructure building and so on. Many companies worry over the changes by the implementation of this solution because these changes could have a negative impact on the company, or, in the case of establishment of new companies, this worry results from an unfamiliar environment. Data accessibility, integrity and security belong among basic problems of cloud computing. The aim of this paper is to offer and scientifically confirm a proposal of an accessibility solution of cloud by implementing of solar energy as a primary source. Problems with accessibility rise from power failures when data may be stolen or lost. Since cloud is often started from a server, the server dependence on power is strong. Modern conditions offer us a new, more innovative solution regarding the ecological as well as an economical company solution. The Sun as a steady source of energy offers us a possibility to produce necessary energy by a solar technique - solar panels. The connection of a solar panel as a primary source of energy for a server would remove its power dependence as well as possible failures. The power dependence would stay as a secondary source. Such an ecological solution would influence the economical side of company because the energy consumption would be lower. Besides a proposal of an accessibility solution, this paper involves a physical and mathematical solution to a calculation of solar energy showered on the Earth, a calculation of the panel size by cosines method and a simulation of these calculations in MATLAB conditions. Keywords: cloud computing, accessibility, solar energy, MATLAB Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2649-2654 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072649 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072649.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072649.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0083.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072649 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Procházka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaromír Landa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Koubek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vít Ondroušek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Mainstreaming gesture based interfaces Abstract: Gestures are a common way of interaction with mobile devices. They emerged especially with the iPhone production. Gestures in currently used devices are usually based on the original gestures presented by Apple in its iOS (iPhone Operating System). Therefore, there is a wide agreement on the mobile gesture design. In last years, it is possible to see experiments with gesture usage also in the other areas of consumer electronics and computers. The examples can include televisions, large projections etc. These gestures can be marked as spatial or 3D gestures. They are connected with a natural 3D environment rather than with a flat 2D screen. Nevertheless, it is hard to find a comparable design agreement within the spatial gestures. Various projects are based on completely different gesture sets. This situation is confusing for their users and slows down spatial gesture adoption.This paper is focused on the standardization of spatial gestures. The review of projects focused on spatial gesture usage is provided in the first part. The main emphasis is placed on the usability point-of-view. On the basis of our analysis, we argue that the usability is the key issue enabling the wide adoption. The mobile gesture emergence was possible easily because the iPhone gestures were natural. Therefore, it was not necessary to learn them.The design and implementation of our presentation software, which is controlled by gestures, is outlined in the second part of the paper. Furthermore, the usability testing results are provided as well. We have tested our application on a group of users not instructed in the implemented gestures design. These results were compared with the other ones, obtained with our original implementation. The evaluation can be used as the basis for implementation of similar projects. Keywords: spatial augmented reality, Kinect, usability, gesture Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2655-2660 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072655 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072655.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072655.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0084.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072655 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lenka Procházková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav Radiměřský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The economic performance of regions in the Czech Republic Abstract: Regional development in the Czech Republic contributed to the fact that at present none of the regions is significant backward compared to other. Individual regions have shown among themselves certain differences. This applies in particular to the economic performance of regions. This paper introduce results of our research. Main aim of the work was to indentify economic performace affecting factors of regions NUTS 3 in Czech Republic. It was necessary to define quantity of economic performance to meet this goal. We used them to create method of valuating economic performance of regions. We weighed quantities (e.g. GDP, unemployment rate, net disposable income) according to their importance. This procedure was applied to individual regions. We determined the level of economic performance of Czech regions. We present overview of factors and using statistical methods we test their importance to the economic performance of Czech regions. Keywords: region, economic performance, factors, indicators, competitiveness Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2661-2667 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072661 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072661.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072661.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0085.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Prokeš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Development of wine tourism in South Moravia Abstract: Wine tourism development and the resulting formation of regional strategic alliances in the form of clusters may lead to increasing the competitiveness of wineries in South Moravia in the southeastern part of the Czech Republic.The main research objective of this paper was to find potential for wine tourism development and creating a plan for newly formed strategic alliance coordinating services offer all wineries in the region. This study describes the potential to offer services and products of wine growing areas in South Moravia region, suitable for promotion offers wine tourism destinations and services. In principle, it is used the calculation for the establishment of the wine cluster according to Porter's formula, and was designed by concentration coefficient of vineyards for wine cluster formation, which is based on the unique and specific conditions of the wine region of South Moravia.To achieve the objective of the study was conducted marketing research data collection and mapping current events and activities taking place in the wine-growing region of Moravia, promoting or offering specific local products and services associated with gastronomy and wine.The dynamic development of the wine category, major changes in market and consumer demand are the main causes for the formation of associations of small and medium-sized wineries. The application of the results of research was a plan for the establishment of new alliance - wine cluster, where is potential co-operation between associations VOC appellation and other entities involving suppliers, customers, research institutions and universities. The plan to create a wine tourism cluster was proposed to establish cooperation between the newly emerging associations of VOC at three sub-regions of South Moravia, in order to achieve competitive advantage. Keywords: association, cluster, strategic alliances, VOC, wine marketing, wine tourism Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2669-2675 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072669 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072669.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072669.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0086.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072669 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zuzana Richterková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Koráb Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Impact of insurance sector activity on economic growth - A meta-analysis Abstract: The aim of this study is to compute the overall effect size concerning the impact of insurance sector activity on economic growth. The connection of insurance activity and economic growth has been a widely investigated topic due to numerous papers and research attempts performed so far. The results, however, often differ among individual studies. Therefore a comprehensive analysis of the significance of causality from insurance activity, measured by insurance premium, to business cycle fluctuation, is well-required. Using 10 published and unpublished studies, we conduct a meta-analysis of the literature on the impact of insurance activity on economic growth. Insurance premium is taken as the measure of insurance activity. The combined significance test of individual t-statistics is employed. The calculation of the effect size allows understand the true effect relying on synthesis of so far published research with significantly higher amount of observations and better precision. Our results confirm positive effect of insurance activity on economic growth and are particularly important for policy makers who set the policy towards subjects in the insurance market. Keywords: research synthesis, effect size, Random-effect model, insurance premium Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2677-2683 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072677 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072677.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072677.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0087.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Daniela Růžičková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law, Faculty of Business and Economics, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague,, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Limited liability company according to the new Act on commercial corporations Abstract: Act No. 90/2012 Coll., on commercial corporations, is one of the legal norms which arose in connection to the re-codification of the Private law. Along with the new Civil Code and Act on International private law, it brings about fundamental changes in the field of the regulation of commercial companies. It is an act which partially replaced the current Act No. 513/1991 Coll., Commercial Code. Its content predominantly consists of the regulation of commercial companies and cooperatives, while other relations regarding commercial relations will be covered by the new Civil code. The Chamber of Deputies approved the bill on 16th December and the Act should take effect on 1st January 2014.Since the new legislative norm brings as well many changes in the field of regulations of the limited liability company, which is currently the most used company form, the purpose of this article is to provide complete information about prepared changes in this field, while focusing on risks related to these changes for the limited liability company. According to a hypothesis determined by Pearson chi-quadrate, it should prove to the readers whether or not the changes in the field of the limited liability company will have, as a consequence, the transformation of the legal form used by persons conducting business based on the Trade Act. Further, it will be researched whether these changes will have an impact on the current form for business conduct. Keywords: Commercial Code, Act on commercial corporations, limited liability company, registered capital, re-codification, private law Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2685-2691 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072685 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072685.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072685.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0088.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072685 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kateřina Ryglová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ida Vajčnerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jakub Šácha Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Approaches to quality management in hotel industry Abstract: The aim of the paper is to present possibilities and specifics of quality management in hotel services with the focus on the Servqual model. Servqual works on the definition of five dimensions of service quality: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. Demonstrating the practical application of Servqual in selected hotels in the Czech Republic is also a part of the paper. Input data have been gained by force of a primary field-research with the help of a quantitative research via questionnaires and deep interviews. The results of the Servqual score for individual dimensions of service quality have also been used to calculate a total weighted score for the examined hotels and to outline benchmarking utilisation possibilities. Keywords: quality management, tourism, customer satisfaction, hotel industry, servqual Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2693-2699 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072693 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072693.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072693.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0089.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072693 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iveta Řepková Author-Workplace-Name: Silesian University in Opava, School of Business Administration in Karvina, Department of Finance, Univerzitní náměstí 1934/3, 733 40 Karviná, Czech Republic Author-Name: Daniel Stavárek Author-Workplace-Name: Silesian University in Opava, School of Business Administration in Karvina, Department of Finance, Univerzitní náměstí 1934/3, 733 40 Karviná, Czech Republic Title: Relationship between competition and efficiency in the Czech banking industry Abstract: The aim of the paper is to estimate the relationship between competition and efficiency in the Czech banking industry in the period 2001-2010. The theoretical definition and literature review of the relationship between banking competition and efficiency is included. Lerner index and Data Envelopment Analysis were used to estimate the degree of competition and efficiency in the Czech banking sector. The market structure of the Czech banking industry was estimated as a monopolistic competition and it was found a slight increase in the competition in the banking sector. The efficiency of the Czech banks increased in the analysed period. Using a Johansen cointegration test, the paper contributes to the empirical literature, testing not only the causality running from competition to efficiency, but also the reverse effect running from efficiency to competition. The positive relationship between competition and efficiency was estimated in the Czech banking sector. These findings are in line with the Quiet Life Hypothesis and the suggestions that the increase of the competition will contribute to efficiency. Keywords: banking sector, competition, efficiency, Lerner index, Data Envelopment Analysis, Johansen cointegration test Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2701-2707 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072701 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072701.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072701.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0090.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072701 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Řezáč Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lukáš Toma Author-Workplace-Name: Polytech Nantes, Université de Nantes 1, quai de Tourville BP 13522, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France Title: Indeterminate values of target variable in development of credit scoring models Abstract: In the beginning of every modelling procedure, the first question to ask is what we are trying to predict by the model. In credit scoring the most frequent case is modelling of probability of default; however other situations, such as fraud, revolving of the credit or success of collections could be predicted as well. Nevertheless, the first step is always to define the target variable.The target variable is generally an 'output' of the model. It contains the information on the available data that we want to predict in future data. In credit scoring it is commonly called good/bad definition. In this paper we study the effect of use of indeterminate value of target variable in development of credit scoring models. We explain the basic principles of logistic regression modelling and selection of target variable. Next, the focus is given to introduction of some of the widely used statistics for model assessment. The main part of the paper is devoted to development and assessment of 27 credit scoring models on real credit data, which are built up and assessed according various definitions of target variable. We show that there is a valid reason for some target definitions to include the indeterminate value into the modelling process, as it provided us with convincing results. Keywords: credit scoring, indeterminate value, target variable, Gini, KS, lift Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2709-2716 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072709 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072709.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072709.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0091.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072709 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bohumila Salachová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law and Social Sciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Bohumil Vítek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law and Social Sciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Interpretation of European law, selected issues Abstract: The article deals with the issue of interpretation of European law. It is based on the classical methodology of law interpretation in continental Europe, but it also reflects the particularities and recent approaches, which are used in European law as in independent and particular legal system. So it is essential to emphasize the autonomous conception of European law, which finally means its own methodology which is different from national attitudes.By practice of European bodies and mainly by judgments of Court of Justice of European Union was established specific set of rules which corresponds to peculiarities of European Union as an integrative society. The Court of Justice formulated in its decision two basic principles for the application of the European law in the Member States: the principle of direct effect of the European law in the Member States and the principle of the primacy of the European law rules in the national legal rules of the Member States. There should be further assigned to these two basic principles the principle of indirect effect of directives (uniform interpretation) and the principle of State liability for damage caused to an individual by breach of the European law. The application of principles of direct effect and primacy of the European law rules is closely related to the preliminary ruling procedure (prejudicial proceedings). The judge-made law can be used only by the Court of Justice, neither the administrative bodies of EU nor the national bodies have this capacity. Keywords: European law, interpretation of law, methods of interpretation Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2717-2720 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072717 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072717.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072717.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0092.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072717 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav Sedláček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Valouch Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Alois Konečný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Synergic motives and economic success of mergers of Czech companies Abstract: One of the motives for mergers and acquisitions is the synergy effect, which can take several forms. This paper tries to find out whether mergers implemented at the Czech market bring positive or negative synergies. The basis of our investigation is the database of the companies that implemented a merger within 2001-2009; out of these, the companies that published their financial statements in a digitalized form were selected. We monitored the development of six indicators characterizing the economic status of a company. The values of these indicators were compared for all participating companies before the merger and for the successor company three years after the merger. The hypotheses were formulated so that they expressed an expectation of a positive synergy brought about by mergers. However, hypothesis testing has not provided a clear result. A positive effect of a merger on the key indicator of net assets, whose growth means an increase in the accounting value of the company after the merger, has been proved for small and medium-sized companies only. The effect of mergers on the increase in indicators has been confirmed for retained earnings from past years and personal costs. Further research will concentrate on the relations between the indicators with the aim to create an integral indicator for the economic success of mergers. Keywords: company transformation, merger development, motives for mergers and acquisitions, synergy, methods for measurement of economic effects of mergers, hypothesis testing, assessment of merger success Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2721-2727 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072721 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072721.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072721.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0093.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072721 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katarzyna Sieradzka Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University in Radom, 26-600 Radom, ul. Chrobrego 31, Poland Title: Innovativeness of enterprises in Poland Abstract: At a time of huge economic challenges, innovativeness is perceived as a way of overcoming difficulties, fostering and assuring socio-economic growth of particular countries. It is necessary to improve competitive standing of enterprises both in domestic and international economies.Launching of new or improved products, application of state of the art technologies and of new organisational and management solutions are key to enhanced effectiveness and better competitiveness of enterprises. Innovation standards of Polish enterprises are considerably lower than those of businesses operating in countries of the old European Union, therefore so much attention is paid to these issues.This paper undertakes to analyse innovative activities of enterprises in the Polish economy.Based on the report 'Innovation Union Scoreboard', a comparative analysis of Poland's innovation standards in relation to other member states of the European Union is conducted, levels and structure of financial spending on innovative activities incurred by Polish industrial enterprises are discussed using statistics published by the National Office for Statistics and Ministry of Economy. Keywords: innovations, enterprises, competitiveness, socio-economic growth Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2729-2735 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072729 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072729.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072729.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0094.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072729 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luboš Smutka Author-Workplace-Name: Departmernt of Economy, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michal Steininger Author-Workplace-Name: Departmernt of Economy, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Mansoor Maitah Author-Workplace-Name: Departmernt of Economy, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Rosochatecká Author-Workplace-Name: Departmernt of Economy, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Development in consumer food prices on the Czech market in the context of food prices on the EU and world markets Abstract: This paper discusses the development of consumer prices in the Czech Republic within the context of food prices in the European Union and the global market. The article is identifying the development of the foodstuff consumer prices in the market in the Czech Republic in relation to World and European consumer prices.Subsequently, the development of food consumer prices in the Czech market is analyzed in relation to selected commodities and products marketed in the Czech retail chains. Lastly, the status of individual retail chains in the Czech market is defined and the consumer prices and price differences existing amongst the selected major chains operating on the Czech market are analyzed. In relation to the objectives of this article it is then possible to state the following: prices on the Czech market correlate very strongly, especially in relation to the EU countries markets, but are very weak in relation to the world market. The sensitivity of the Czech consumer prices is very high - it is very flexible towards changes within the framework of the prices levels on the market of the EU but, by contrast, it is completely inflexible in respect to the changes in the prices levels on the world market. The Czech Republic follows the general development price trends existing in the EU countries markets.The growth in food prices on the Czech market is very close to the average growth rate of the food prices index in the EU market. Regarding the prices development on the Czech Republic market, it can be noted that, in relation to particular segments of the commodity food prices, the most dynamic growth was recorded in the case of fruit and vegetables, oils and fats, dairy products, fish and seafood, poultry, beef and cereals and bakery products.It is also important to mention that in the Czech Republic there are no uniform price levels between individual regions. In respect to the nature of the Czech retail market, a comment should be made that on the one hand it is very concentrated - a relatively small number of players control the character of the market - nevertheless, but in comparison with the European average, it can be said that the market is highly competitive, since none of the market subjects clearly dominates. Individual retail chains in their pricing policies more or less follow the general price trends and tendencies, reflecting the development of the domestic market and in, particular, the EU market. Keywords: food price, consumer price, retail market, Czech Republic, European Union, world, relationship, development Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2737-2755 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072737 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072737.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072737.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0095.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072737 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika Solilová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Taxes, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Transfer pricing and safe harbours Abstract: Transfer prices are significant for both taxpayers and tax administrations because they determine in large part taxable profits of associated enterprises in different tax jurisdictions. Moreover, in the context of taxation, transfer prices must be complied with the arm's length principle. However, Multinational Enterprises have been faced daily by conflicting rules and approaches to applying the arm's length principle, burdensome documentation requirements, inconsistent audit standards and unpredictable competent authority outcomes. Therefore, the Committee on Fiscal Affairs launched another project on the administrative aspects of transfer pricing in 2010. On 16 May 2013 as a partial solution of this project was approved by the OECD Council the Revised Section E on Safe Harbours in Chapter IV of the Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Authorities. The paper is focused on significant changes of newly approved chapter IV of the Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Authorities, further on analysis of practice in this area, on advantages and disadvantages of safe harbours for taxpayers and competent authorities with aim to suggest recommendations on use of safe harbours in the Czech Republic. Keywords: transfer pricing guidelines, the arm's length principle, safe harbours, multinational enterprises, transfer pricing, transfer pricing compliance issues Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2757-2768 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072757 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072757.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072757.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0096.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072757 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Soukopová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Public Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eduard Bakoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Public Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Assessment of municipal environmental protection expenditure: Case study in the Czech Republic Abstract: Local authorities need simple economic tools and methodology how to evaluate public expenditure efficiency. There are a lot of ways for measuring efficiency of public expenditure however methods or economic tools which get actual information about efficiency of current public spending are rare. The paper presents new methodology for evaluating current municipal environmental protection expenditures based on a weighted assessment of multiple economic, social and environmental criteria. This methodology has issued from OECD methodology however it is a more complex tool and addresses the three pillars of sustainable development and following interdisciplinary approaches of Environmental Mainstreaming. The paper presents also case study, where is investigated environmental protection expenditure evaluation in the city of Brno, the second largest city in the Czech Republic. The results of this case study show the correct state of expenditure efficiency in the city of Brno and indicate possible improvements applicable for new investment to environmental protection and sustainable development. Keywords: efficiency, environmental protection expenditure, environmental mainstreaming municipal level, public spending Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2769-2777 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072769 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072769.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072769.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0097.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072769 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Sprongl Author-Workplace-Name: The Stern Stewart Institute, 80333 Munich, Germany Title: Gaining competitive advantage through business analytics Abstract: The industry for business analytics within the BI sphere is growing significantly and the distinction in organizations between transactional information systems and decision-oriented systems breaks down. Firms need to understand both the opportunity and the potential of business analytics. Reporting, which is getting a handle on what happened in organizations, is complemented by analytics that is rather explanatory and predictive. Leveraging business analytics means to use analytics applications in order to analyse business problems and produce related business recommendations to improve business process performance. Business analytics must but be a part of a value creating process operating together with other systems and organisational factors in a synergistic manner, including people, processes, knowledge and relationship assets, culture, structure, and policies. In order for companies to be efficient, they need to automate processes, workflows and make rules. Effectiveness, on the other hand, is about making better decisions, perhaps using the same data that their competitors may have. What matters is not necessarily the technologies deployed, but emerging competence that the firm uses to support its business. A specific "mindset" needs to be installed for companies to invest into business analytics. Organisations need to better understand how best to exploit their data and convert them into information and sense-making capabilities. Business capabilities can be enhanced not only by exploitation of analytical tools, but also by the sophisticated use of information. This leads to a truly sense-making capability or "analytical mindset". The primary data covers 398 data sets, where firms have been asked about the specifics of their information management. The data is used as input to statistical tests and the value of business analytics is being analyzed in an empirical way. Keywords: business intelligence, business analytics, predictive analytics, big data, competitive advantage, business objectives, enterprise performance, value creation, analytical capabilities Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2779-2785 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072779 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072779.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072779.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0098.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072779 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zdenko Stacho Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics and Management in Public Administration in Bratislava, Department of Management, Furdekova 16, 851 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Hana Urbancová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Katarína Stachová Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics and Management in Public Administration in Bratislava, Department of Management, Furdekova 16, 851 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Organisational arrangement of human resources management in organisations operating in Slovakia and Czech Republic Abstract: A necessary condition of effective functioning of human resources management in an organisation is the creation of adequate organisational conditions including the existence of a human resources management department, its size, composition and responsibility, which are formed following particular conditions of the given organisation. Competitive environment of organisations operating in Slovakia and Czech Republic is growing with the process of world economy globalisation, and it brings the need of flexibility in management, and therefore we have to get used to changes also in the sphere of human resources management, and learn to cope with new impulses and situations. At present, that predominantly includes spreading effects of global financial and economic crisis, influencing all spheres of life in Slovakia and in Czech Republic too. Handling this situation presupposes flexibility in assessment of changes in environment where organisations operate, ability to detect all positive as well as negative impacts and situations, and formulation of measures to enhance their own position sensibly and cautiously. Due to the need of focusing of organisations on comprehensive arrangement of human resources management, in questionnaire researches, we focused on finding out whether and to what extent organisations operating in Slovakia (n = 340) and in Czech Republic (n = 109) focus on human resources management arrangement. The objective of the article is to compare results in the sphere of human resources in organisations operating in Slovak and Czech Republics. The results show that 67% organisations in Slovakia and only 43% in the Czech Republic had a human resources management department which realised followed human resources management functions and personnel strategy. Keywords: human resources management, outsourcing of personnel activities, organisational strategy, functional strategies, human resources management departments, organisations operating in Slovakia Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2787-2799 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072787 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072787.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072787.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0099.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072787 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Halina Starzyczná Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing, School of Business Administration, Silesian University, Univerzitní nám. 1934/3, 733 40 Karviná, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michal Stoklasa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing, School of Business Administration, Silesian University, Univerzitní nám. 1934/3, 733 40 Karviná, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavla Sýkorová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing, School of Business Administration, Silesian University, Univerzitní nám. 1934/3, 733 40 Karviná, Czech Republic Title: Behaviour of Czech customers when buying food products Abstract: This paper presents partial results of the primary research conducted through a questionnaire survey focused on the behaviour of Czech consumers when buying food, with regard to the behaviour of men and women. Specific objectives included are a brief outline of the theoretical issues examined and secondary research on the buying behaviour of consumers when buying food, based on available statistical data and information. After 1989, the quality of the market has changed, sales space has increased as well as the level of sales conditions. Offer in stores has widened. Recently the results of inspections of supervisory authorities show a lot of negative information, mainly relating to foreign chains. The supply of poor quality food is more common. Some food is offered even though it's expired. The proposed premises are based on the current situation in the Czech retail market. Despite increased consumer awareness about the quality of food, the majority of respondents buy food in large commercial units (supermarket, hypermarket, discounts). The majority of respondents do not follow information on the packaging of food products, but follow the expiration date. Sales of food with expired shelf life or expiration date re-taped is usually notified by the supervisory authorities, therefore, is noticed by consumers. Buying behaviour of men and women shows some differences. Our results, however, have not proved any significant ones, although a small difference has emerged. Keywords: buying behaviour, sale of food products, preference of shop type, food quality satisfaction, information on the package, expiration date monitoring, buying behaviour of men and women Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2801-2810 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072801 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072801.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072801.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0100.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072801 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Sucháček Author-Workplace-Name: VŠB-TU Ostrava, Faculty of Economics, Sokolská třída 33, 70121 Ostrava 1, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Seďa Author-Workplace-Name: VŠB-TU Ostrava, Faculty of Economics, Sokolská třída 33, 70121 Ostrava 1, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Friedrich Author-Workplace-Name: VŠB-TU Ostrava, Faculty of Economics, Sokolská třída 33, 70121 Ostrava 1, Czech Republic Title: Regions and media from quantitative and qualitative perspectives: the case of Czech Republic Abstract: Media become increasingly important in co-creating the image of spatial units at various scales. The situation is even more intriguing in transition/post-transitions countries, which were exposed to modernization trends in rather short, almost compressed periods. The article aims at showing how media shape the image of NUTS III regions in the Czech Republic. Comparisons show TV coverage embodies media agenda in a satisfactory manner as it has one of the highest impacts on the public on the one hand and is representative enough on the other. That is why TV coverage at the national level with contributions related to individual NUTS III in the Czech Republic was chosen as a point of departure. Thus, the objective of the paper is to analyze and interpret TV news related to NUTS III regions in the Czech Republic. This will be accomplished from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Quantitative analysis is focusing on the number of contributions related to the size of the region in question. Nonetheless, self-governing regions in the Czech Republic will be evaluated also from qualitative perspective when the composition of TV news will be accentuated. Although it is stated only seldom media analysis is of utmost importance in relation to regional development. In order to quantify and evaluate afore mentioned dependencies the methods of regression and correlation analysis will be utilized. Moreover, correspondence analysis and analysis of contingency tables will be used in the qualitative part of our research. Keywords: NUTS III regions, image, media, Czech Republic, regression analysis, correspondence analysis, contingency tables Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2811-2819 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072811 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072811.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072811.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0101.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072811 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emil Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Department od Management, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Economic crisis in company's management and possibilities of their solving Abstract: The scientific paper shows results formulated in researches MSM 6215648904 Brno, 2012) and EP focused in analysis of managerial, financial and economic risks and methods of their solving in strategical decision making of business TOP management in a new entrepreneurial environment with influences caused by integration processes, development of information technology and factors of globalization. There is analyzed the situation in Bioveta, Ltd. Ivanovice na Hané in detail. Keywords: crisis management, algorithm, information technology, life cycle of the company, crisis matrix, business management Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2821-2826 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072821 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072821.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072821.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0102.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072821 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jarmila Šebestová Author-Workplace-Name: Silesian University in Opava, School of Business Administration in Karvina, Department of Management and Business, Univerzitní nám. 1934/3, 733 40 Karviná, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina Nowáková Author-Workplace-Name: Silesian University in Opava, School of Business Administration in Karvina, Department of Management and Business, Univerzitní nám. 1934/3, 733 40 Karviná, Czech Republic Title: Dynamic strategy and sustainable business development: lessons learned from the crisis Abstract: Each adaptation in business is an impulse to change and may cause unexpected behaviour inside or outside the company. This article aims to present an innovative thinking bond and investment success in overcoming the crisis, based on the results of the research carried out. From knowledge of current methods of management and business management services in general it can be inferred that the enterprise can develop an open system that is capable of rapidly adapting to positive and negative external influences. Which interactions support the dynamics and adaptability of the strategy in a positive way? As a contribution to the literature, the paper will highlight which elements have the biggest influence on the flexibility of business and which items are the most important for sustainable behaviour in an uncertain and turbulent environment. In this survey (twice observed groups), the main aim is to identify the effect of investment on innovation, strategy preparation and the relationship between financial ratios and company performance. The survey of this study was conducted with owners and managers of small and medium size businesses in the Czech Republic (under 250 employees) operating between the years 2007-2012. The main goal of this paper is, based on the literature review, to provide a practical model of adaptation. Research methodology, analyses results and research models will take place in the second section. The results of the analyses will be discussed and recommendations will be provided in the last section. The QRBITS analysis is presented as a special tool for analyzing the business environment and resources. Finally, a model of dynamic entrepreneurship is presented as a combination of factors which generate the final effectiveness of strategy implementation. Keywords: adaptability, strategy, innovations, QRBITS, sustainable business Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2827-2833 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072827 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072827.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072827.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0103.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072827 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Širůček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Impact of money supply on stock bubbles Abstract: This article focuses on the effect and implications of changes in money supply in the US on stock bubble rise on the US capital market, which is represented by the Dow Jones Industrial Average index. This market was chosen according to the market capitalization. The attention of the paper is drawn to issues - if according to the results of empirical analysis, the money supply is a significant factor which causes the bubbles and if during the time the significance and impact of this macroeconomic factor on stock index increase. Keywords: money supply, stock market, stock bubbles, Granger causality, Dickey-Fuller test Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2835-2842 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072835 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072835.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072835.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0104.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072835 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jitka Šišková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Trade and Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech Univerzity of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Multi-criterion analysis of the risks involved in a biogas plant in relation to the structure and sources of biomass and its application in agricultural companies Abstract: The dynamic development of the conditions in which society lives at present results in changes in the economic, legal, political as well as social environment. These changes are reflected not only in government policies, but also, consequently, in the individual building blocks of national economy, i.e. in businesses, where they lead to adjustments in technological processes in production, as well as in the approaches and tools used in decision-making and management. This factor has been largely neglected or underestimated in economic analyses at the present time. The structure of residues and of the source factors of a number of waste substances in crop farming and animal husbandry can have a significant effect on economic profitability of the functioning of a biogas plant and its output. The objective of this paper is to propose, in general terms, a new multi-criterion model of cost accounting applicable in successive systemic steps at the level of businesses. The model put forward herein will make it possible to assess the environmental practices of business entities, to make comparisons thereof at society-wide (regional or national) level and, as a result, to obtain tools for influencing and regulating deviations from an optimum interaction of interrelated systemic social factors. Keywords: multi-criterion analysis, records-keeping and accounting system in a business unit, environmental activities, management processes, biogas plants, sustainable development Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2843-2850 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072843 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072843.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072843.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0105.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072843 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Špaček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Czech University of Life Science in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michaela Antoušková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Czech University of Life Science in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic Title: Individual single-site travel cost model for Czech paradise geopark Abstract: Geotourism is a new phenomenon, which has emerged in the tourism literature during the past two decades, and whose meaning suffered from global census. Geotourism is still a new discipline and relatively little has been written about its demand side, demonstrated by a lack of studies in the literature This article studies the recreational value of geotourism areas, and focuses on the first geopark in the Czech Republic, namely the Czech Paradise Geopark. To assess the recreational value the travel cost method is applied, specifically the individual travel cost model. The necessary research data was gathered through intensive tourist surveys conducted in the study area. Data gathered in the respondents' survey served to determine the consumer surplus as a measure of recreational value and to develop the single site travel cost model. The dependent variable in the conducted model is the number of visits in the area and among the independent variables, studied age, education, travel cost, family status, economic activity and income. The results were subsequently compared to findings in the available literature, research works and case studies. Keywords: geotourism, recreational value, travel cost method, single site model Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2851-2858 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072851 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072851.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072851.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0106.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072851 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monika Švárová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Vrchota Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Strategic management in micro, small and medium-sized businesses in relation to financial success of the enterprise Abstract: Small and medium sized enterprises play an essential role in the economy of the Czech Republic as a report of development of small and medium-sized enterprises and its support from 2010 announces. They are the source of development of towns, regions and the state itself. Small and medium-sized enterprises represent 99.84 % of the whole business subjects. Statistic data underline this position - they indicate that small and medium-sized enterprises employ 2/3 employees. Therefore, occupying small and medium-sized enterprises are to be taken as priority.Strategic management on the level of small and medium-sized enterprises is, as number of authors write, diverse. Small enterprises including micro have less access to capital, they have no money for employing specialists in the field, and they solve administration primarily. The aim of this follow-up GAJU project contribution concerned on process analysis of small and medium-sized enterprises is to summarize the gained results from the view of comparison of the level of strategic management in small and medium-sized enterprises.Nowadays, numbers of enterprises are thinking about whether they are able to remain in the market as an established company, they explore the possibility of improving its position. There is a question for small and medium-sized enterprises management - can strategic management be used as an instrument for increasing competitiveness? The results show that SMEs with a clearly defined strategy show better results of financial health (IN99 and ROA) than companies without a defined strategy. In terms of business focus, we were able to demonstrate positive relationship between strategy and finance only for companies in the construction industry, on the significance level of 0.05. Compared to manufacturers and service-providing companies where this relation is not statistically significant. Keywords: strategic management, strategy, IN99, ROA Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2859-2866 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072859 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072859.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072859.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0107.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072859 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jakub Tabas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michaela Beranová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Using a base of simplified financial plan for determination innovations' economic effect in small and medium-sized enterprises Abstract: Currently, innovations seem to be a crucial process in companies in order to at least maintain or even improve their competitiveness. Strengthening global competition puts the stress on continual improvements in every sphere of business entity's activities. This way, innovations are the almost only tool to maintain customers, subsequently to keep the place on a market or the market share, and then to sustain the financial performance of a company.It means that effect of innovations is closely connected with the financial performance of a business entity that can be measured with various methods or approaches while the financial analysis ratios are supposed to be basic ones. In order to interpret the results of these financial ratios, different bases are used when the base of financial plan is one of them.The objective of this article is to determine the economic effect of innovations on financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech Republic on the base of simplified financial plan. Obviously, starting-point of the financial plan preparation is the plan of sales. Sales represent one of the company's value generators, and sales projection is constituted as basis of authors' approach to determination of effect of innovations on financial performance of business entities while basic categorization of companies according to the business branch (CZ NACE), sphere of innovation and innovation's degree is applied. Keywords: financial performance, financial plan, innovation, sales, SMEs Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2867-2873 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072867 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072867.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072867.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0108.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072867 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vojtěch Tamáš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Regional and Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Věra Bečvářová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Regional and Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Development of consumer preferences on the significant markets of pig meat Abstract: The aim of the article is to describe the broader context and to verify the relationship of consumer preferences with the income situation of the population in selected regions of the world.This paper deals with the development of consumer preferences in case of pork meat commodity, through verification of relationship between consumption of pork meat and GDP per capita in selected regions (countries) of the world. Very strong relationship of dependency between the level of GDP / per capita and Consumption of animal protein / per capita has been proven through numerous scientific studies. There are also investigated the specifics, conditions and assumptions for the global market of the given commodity in the regional aspects. Consumer preferences (of investigated commodity) in the world are various due to many different factors. The current societal demand is characterized by a number of requirements for the organizations involved in the pork meat commodity chain. In the past has been considered as the most important measure to produce a cheap and safe food. Nowadays these requirements are extended on other important factors such as sustainable production, animal welfare, ethical procedures, etc. The largest extension of these requirements is typical mainly for the European markets. This creates a considerable upward pressure on costs of European businesses, which is one of the sources of their declining competitiveness in the global markets. Keywords: agribusiness, consumption, consumer preferences, dependence analysis, GDP Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2875-2882 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072875 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072875.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072875.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0109.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072875 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Trnková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, 165 21, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zdeňka Malá Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, 165 21, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of inequality of gross added value of conventional and organic farms in selected EU countries Abstract: The paper deals with the differentiation of gross added value of farms with a focus on mixed production from twelve selected European Union countries in view of the manner of farming. The objective is to define the effect of an ecological and conventional manner of farming on the differentiation of gross added value and to quantify the level of impact of subsidy policy on the elimination of the said inequality. The fulfillment of the said objective was based upon the quantification of the Gini coefficient, which was quantified for selected indicators on the basis of data from the FADN database for the year 2009. In order to assess the effect of the manner of farming on the differentiation of the analyzed indicators, a horizontal decomposition of the Gini coefficient was performed. On the other hand, a vertical decomposition of the Gini coefficient served to assess the effect of EU subsidy policy on the level of inequality of the indicator of gross added value. The obtained results indicate a lesser inequality of the economic productivity of European agricultural businesses, which is not significantly determined by an ecological or conventional manner of farming, but rather by the local specifics of individual countries and their agricultural-food markets, as well as the applied subsidy policy, which primarily in organic farming decreases the inequality of gross added value to a significant extent and strengthens the competitiveness as well as viability of agricultural businesses. Keywords: inequality, gross farm income, subsidy, Gini coefficient, organic farming, conventional farming, European Union Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2883-2891 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072883 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072883.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072883.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0110.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072883 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Turčínek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Arnošt Motyčka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Knowledge discovery on consumers' behaviour Abstract: This paper summarizes results of the research project "Application of modern methods to data processing in the field of marketing research" which was solved at the Department of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Economics of Mendel University in Brno. The most of these results were presented at international conferences.It describes the use of knowledge discovery techniques on data from marketing research of consumers' behaviour. The paper deals with issues of classification, cluster analysis, correlation and association rules.For classification there were used various algorithms: multi-layer perceptron neural network, self-organizing (Kohonen's) maps, bayesian networks and generation of a decision tree. Beside Kohonen's maps, which were tested in MATLAB software, all classification methods were tested in Weka software.In order to find clusters of the methods K-means, Expectation-Maximization, DBSCAN Weka was also used as software for clustering.Correlation analysis was done based on statistical approach. Generation of association rules was achieved by use of Apriori and the FP-growth algorithm in Weka.The paper describes above mentioned methods and shows achieved results of exploring data from marketing research on consumers' behaviour.This article discusses the suitability of these methods usage on such data sets. It also suggests further research possibilities of knowledge discovery on consumers' behaviour. Keywords: knowledge discovery, classification, cluster analysis, correlation, association rules, consumer behaviour, marketing research Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2893-2901 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072893 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072893.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072893.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0111.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072893 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iveta Ubrežiová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Lýdia Stankovič Author-Workplace-Name: Department of management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Economics in Bratislava based in Košice, Tajovského 13, 041 30 Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Bohuslava Mihalčová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business Administration, University of Economics in Bratislava based in Košice Tajovského 13, 041 30 Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Andrea Ubrežiová Author-Workplace-Name: Hoshizaki Europe B.V., Amsterdam, Holland Title: Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility in companies of Eastern Slovakia region in 2009 and 2010 Abstract: The article deals with the perception of Corporate Social Responsibility in companies of Eastern Slovakia region in 2009 and 2010. It aims to evaluate the survey performed in selected companies with the aim to find answers to the research questions (concerning the rate of perception of Corporate Social Responsibility, the evaluation of using a concept in the company, the importance of engagement in this area and so on) and with the assistance of selected methods for the examination.Different companies have framed different definition. Our own definition is that Corporate Social Responsibility is about how companies manage the business processes, to produce an overall positive impact on society. Holme said that Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society. Stakeholders are persons, groups or organizations that has direct or indirect stake in companies actions, objectives and policies (include creditor's customers, directors, employees, government, owners, suppliers, unions and the community).Based on findings and a comparison of the results is made focusing on stakeholder's area, and suggestions are offered for the improvement in areas examined. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, CSR, stakeholder's dialogue, stakeholders Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2903-2910 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072903 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072903.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072903.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0112.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072903 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marta Uhlířová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law, Faculty of Economics of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Legal aspects of the crimes committed in insolvency proceedings - comparison of Czech and Austrian legislation Abstract: The subject of this paper is to compare the Czech and Austrian legislation considering offenses which entrepreneurs and other entities (natural person) may commit within the insolvency proceedings or which are related to the insolvency. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of Czech and Austrian legislation with regard cross-border relationships within the business environment and living between the Czech Republic and Austria.Czech entrepreneurs and natural person in Austria can get into a situation where their debtor is located in Austria and finds himself insolvent or vice versa. Also the Czech entrepreneurs and natural person may do their bussines or live in Austria and may get into such a situation when they are close to the situation which can lead to their decline. This paper would be for them a practical recommendation on how to avoid potential criminal liability. Keywords: crime, insolvency proceedings, decline, payment inability, overindebtedness, gross negligence, conduct causing or leading to the decline Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2911-2916 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072911 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072911.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072911.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0113.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072911 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ida Vajčnerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Mendel Univerzity in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jakub Šácha Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Mendel Univerzity in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina Ryglová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel Univerzity in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The impact of factors influencing destination quality on overall customer satisfaction Abstract: The paper deals with problems concerning tourist destination quality and the impact of individual factors on the overall satisfaction of a customer - a visitor to a destination. The methodology is based on the evaluation of individual factors that were identified on the basis of previously conducted researches and that consider all attributes of a destination which visitors are able to evaluate on the basis of their experience and consequent satisfaction. The used data were obtained by a questionnaire surveys, the evaluation is qualitative, and the ten-degree Likert scale is used. The practical part of the paper will focus on creating a multidimensional regression model for overall customer satisfaction for evaluating individual quality factors. The objective of the paper is to identify factors that influence overall customer satisfaction the most; this will be done on the basis of the statistical importance of individual regression parameters. The analysis will be conducted for the data from the regions of Lednice-Valtice Area and Znojemsko and Podyjí; subsequently these two regions will be compared. Keywords: tourism, destination, quality, factors, satisfaction Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2917-2922 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072917 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072917.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072917.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0114.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072917 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Štěpán Veselý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Mirko Dohnal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Kolejní 4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Selection of scenarios in qualitative models: The case of a government tenders model Abstract: The task of this methodological paper is to clarify the process of selection of scenarios in qualitative models. Articles on qualitative modeling usually do not cover the topic of scenarios selection exhaustively, only the basic operations are (sometimes) described. This lack of detail might lead to confusion and overly simplified understanding of the process of model development when new users meet with qualitative models. We outline the basic principle of consistency, i.e. that scenarios inconsistent with a given knowledge item entered into the qualitative model are discarded from the model. With help of this principle, the vast set of all "imaginable" scenarios (2712 in our case) can be reduced to just 7 scenarios in less than 40 steps. A manageable number of scenarios is important to enable interpretation and practical use, e.g. to evaluate concrete tasks and policies. For our demonstration we use our previously published model of government tenders. The current paper can help those who want to understand qualitative models and their development better, it is not restricted to the problem of qualitative modeling of government tenders. Keywords: qualitative model, scenarios, consistency, model development, knowledge engineering Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2923-2929 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072923 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072923.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072923.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0115.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072923 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leoš Vítek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Public Finance, University of Economics, Prague, 130 67 Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Pavel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Public Finance, University of Economics, Prague, 130 67 Prague, Czech Republic Title: Impact of taxes on redistribution in the Czech Republic Abstract: The paper deals with the distributive effects of taxes during last years in the Czech Republic. Using EU-SILC data for selected types of households, the paper assesses changes in the distribution of gross incomes and effects of the changes in taxes on the distribution of incomes after taxes. The analysis is carried out on different types of households. The analysis is performed using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. The conclusions show that the tax system has changed the distribution of incomes insignificantly. Keywords: Czech Republic, redistribution, tax reforms Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2931-2938 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072931 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072931.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072931.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0116.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072931 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martina Zámková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematics, College of Polytechnics Jihlava, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Veronika Blašková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operation Analysis, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Factors affecting students' attitude towards introduction of tuition fees for higher education in the Czech Republic Abstract: Introduction of tuition fees has been much discussed in the Czech Republic over the recent years. Unfortunately, the current system of non-discriminate higher-education funding is no longer supportable, that is, provided that we do not want all universities to be evenly "mediocre". A well configured tuition-fee system with low payments, suitably complemented by student loans covering not only the tuition fees but also the subsistence costs could be an acceptable vision of the future higher education. The obligation to pay for the study should also prevent from enrolment those applicants that only enter a university to avoid having to cater for themselves in real life. A survey was conducted to find out the views of Czech university students on the introduction of tuition fees and the possible methods of their payment. A subsequent analysis was made to see whether the introduction of tuition fees would aggravate students' financial situation, whether they would be more motivated to complete the studies in due time, and whether they would be more concerned with the quality of teaching. The survey also analysed the relationship between a respondent's view on the introduction of tuition fees and the current methods of financing the studies (accommodation, transport, meals, textbooks, ...), the household income, and the gender. It also takes into account the attitude of respondents on the system of student loans proposed. In order to interpret the results correspondence and dependence analysis were used. Keywords: marketing research, immediate tuition fees, delayed tuition fees, student loans, university, Czech Republic, correspondence analysis, dependence analysis Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2939-2949 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072939 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072939.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072939.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0117.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072939 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivo Zdráhal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Regional and Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Věra Bečvářová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Regional and Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Title: The issues how to express the concentration processes in European agriculture Abstract: The paper deals with one of the current problems of the agrarian economics and policy, and this approaches to the definition, measurement and interpretation of farm size, as one of the key indicators of evaluation the processes shaping the entrepreneurial structure in the current agribusiness. The results of research into causation factors and processes shaping the business structure of modern agriculture are presented there. It evaluates approaches to express the magnitude of company and its explanatory power in the context of the selected evaluation criteria of the processes and phenomena. It deals with the potential risks of a narrow criterion-oriented agricultural policy in terms of strategy and fulfillment of role allocation and distribution in order to support of enterprises in today's business environment. The basic trends in the farm size structure in the member countries of the European Union are evaluated including their impact of the significance of individual size segments and their share of the output sector. In this context it evaluates and compares the results of the analysis of developments in business structures in the old and new EU Member States. Keywords: agricultural holding, agricultural policy, concentration process, farm size indicators, farm size structure Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2951-2964 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072951 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072951.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072951.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0118.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072951 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Zeman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Finances, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Maršík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Finances, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: High-frequency data and the effectiveness of the spot exchange rate EUR/USD Abstract: The boom of information technology in recent years significantly influenced the development of the financial markets. Financial markets have become accessible to the public, and increased demand for financial instruments is inevitably reflected in the advanced menu of securities dealers who currently offer a wide variety of investment in the underlying assets and through financial leverage allows investors to profit from tiny price changes of the underlying asset. Shortening of trading period and increasing the frequency of the trades clearly contributes to the growth of profits of securities dealers. The question remains whether this trading method offers the advantage to the investor himself, and whether the investor is able to take advantage of potential market inefficiencies to achieve above-average profits in the short term period. Therefore, this paper analyzes the behaviour of the spot exchange rate EUR/USD within a day, and through statistical tests examining the validity of the random walk hypothesis for the 5-minute, hourly, 4-hourly and daily changes in the spot exchange rate of the currency pair EUR/USD. Keywords: foreign exchange market, EUR/USD, high-frequency data, market efficiency Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2965-2971 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072965 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072965.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072965.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0119.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072965 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaosong Zheng Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Sydney Institute of Language and Commerce, Shanghai University, 201800 Shanghai, P.R.China Title: A credit policy study of Chinese banks on small and medium-sized enterprises Abstract: In recent years, there is rising attention on the difficult financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). With constant development and improvement in China's socialist market economy system, SMEs is becoming a pivotal part of China's national economy. It can be said that the development of SMEs makes a great contribution to China's national economy development. However, SMEs are facing financing bottlenecks at the same time. This is not only because of the limited financing capabilities of SMEs themselves but also because of the various commercial bank credit policies. It is necessary to solve credit policy problems between SMEs and banks, not only for SMEs but also for the further development of commercial banks. This paper analyses the problems and the reasons of "credit grudging" behavior of China's commercial banks and SMEs financing difficulties through a critical analysis. This paper also uses the method of the dynamic game theory to probe into credit problems between SMEs and commercial banks under the condition of information asymmetry. At the end of the paper, conclusions are made and suggestions are proposed for a win-win solution concerning credit policy problems between SMEs and commercial banks. Keywords: commercial banks, SMEs, China, credit policy, game theory Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2973-2982 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072973 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072973.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072973.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0120.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072973 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Žatecká Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, Masaryk University, Veveří 70, 611 80 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Selected aspects of criminal liability of legal persons Abstract: This paper will address issues of corporate criminal liability in terms of enterprises. Criminal liability of legal persons is now a major problem that must deal the enterprises with. The contribution points out the major issues associated with this topic when the legal person may be held criminally responsible and how we can prevent such criminal liability. This issue arises with several questions that need to be pointed out. For example, what are the conditions of the criminal liability of the enterprises, which criminal offenses can be committed, or is it possible to prevent such criminal responsibility, etc. These issues will be the subject of discussion and contribution to current findings. The issue is very new; we have the new act on criminal liability of legal persons effective from 1st January 2012, so the author hopes this paper brings some new solutions and possible matters for discussions. Keywords: criminal liability, legal persons, crimes, imputability of enterprises, preventive measures Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2983-2988 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072983 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072983.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072983.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0121.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072983 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michał Żemła Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Tourism, Katowice School of Economics, 40-659 Katowice, Poland Title: Destination brand licensing - the case of Porta Lubavia brand Abstract: Destination branding is one of the most popular topic among tourism destinations researchers and practitioners however recent research revealed that it is a concept not clear. The purpose of presented paper is to enhance destination branding theory by introducing some new elements taken from other popular concepts used in destination management into destination branding theory. The concept of destination brand licensing was undertaken as a response to several critical argument raised against the existing idea of destination branding. However the concept is yet not finished and practical examples presented so far need scientific generalization to prepare some guidelines on successful procedure of implementing destination brand licensing. The example of Polish brand Porta Lubavia is going to be presented as a illustration of some of potential benefits and problems connected with implementing this concept into a practice. Keywords: destination branding, brand licensing, destination networking, branding challenges, Kamienna Góra county, Poland, rural tourism Journal: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Pages: 2989-2994 Volume: 61 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072989 File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072989.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.mendelu.cz/doi/10.11118/actaun201361072989.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://acta.mendelu.cz/RePEc/mup/references/acu-201307-0122.txt Handle: RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061072989